JPH01124326A - Mushroom cultivation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To carry out thermal sterilization and cooling of a mushroom culture base, by introducing a heating and cooling medium to an inner jacket of an apparatus for sterilization and stirring of a mushroom culture base. CONSTITUTION:A culture base is thrown into an agitation pot 1 and an agitation blade 4 is rotated. Steam generated in a boiler 6 is introduced into an outer jacket 2 and an inner jacket 15 provided in the agitation blade 4 while continuing the agitation and mixing. The culture base is heated with the heating medium from inside and outside and is sterilized. After the sterilization, cooling water is introduced into the inner jacket 15 to cool the culture base. A spawn is mixed into the cooled culture base and agitated. The culture base prepared by the above process is packed in a bottle.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation device, and is particularly suitable for shortening the heating sterilization of the medium, the cooling time, and the mushroom growth period, and increasing the mushroom yield. This article relates to a mushroom cultivation device.

[Conventional technology]

The conventional artificial cultivation process of mushrooms is shown in Figure 6. Sawdust 21 and rice bran 22, which are standard culture media, are mixed, and water 23 is added thereto so that the moisture content is about 65%, and a culture medium 24 is prepared in this mixing step A. The culture medium 24 is bottled in a cultivation bottle 25 shown in FIG. 13(A) in a bottling process B, and a cap 26 is attached in a capping process C.

The cultivation bottle 25 filled with the culture medium 24 is shown in Fig. 13 CB) (
For example, 16 bottles are stored in the container 27 shown in C), and the containers 27 containing the cultivation bottles 25 are stacked in about seven stages as shown in FIG. cultivation bottle 25, cap 26,
In this sterilization process in which the culture medium 24 is sterilized, the zero-order sterilization pot 28 is opened, and the container 27 is taken out to the cooling room, which takes about 5 to 6 hours to raise the temperature, maintain the temperature, and gradually cool it down. - Complete cooling step E over night. Medium 2 in cultivation bottle 25
4 is cooled to below about 20°C, the cap 26 is removed, and as shown in FIG.
Attach the cap 26 to 5.

Next, the mushroom is carried into a culture room air-conditioned to suit the culture conditions of the mushroom, and the mushroom mycelia are spread throughout the medium 24 in the cultivation bottle 25. This is the culture step (■). The cultivation period is, for example, 25 to 30 days for enokitake, oyster mushroom, etc.
It takes several days.

When the cultivation process ■ is completed, the cap 26 is removed from the cultivation bottle 25.
The mushrooms are removed and transported to a germination/growth room to encourage the mushrooms to sprout and grow. Oyster mushrooms can be harvested in about two weeks.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

The conventional mushroom cultivation method described above involves a complicated preparation process, including mixing the culture medium, bottling, capping, heat sterilization, cooling, and seed inoculation. There was a drawback that it could not be completed.

Furthermore, since the inoculated seed fungus 30 is concentrated in the upper part of the medium 24 of the cultivation bottle 25, there is a drawback that it takes a long period of time for the mycelia to spread throughout the medium 24. As a result, the activity of the hyphae is reduced, and since the inoculum 30 is concentrated in the upper part of the medium 24, the nutrients in the medium 24 cannot be fully utilized, resulting in a low mushroom yield.

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional technology, to significantly shorten the processing time, especially the time of the preparation process, and to utilize the medium effectively by uniformly mixing and dispersing the seed culture in the medium. To provide a mushroom cultivation device capable of shortening the growing period and increasing mushroom yield.

[Means for solving problems]

The above objective is achieved by providing an external jacket around the stirring pot through which the heat medium can flow, and an inner jacket through which the heat medium can flow around at least one of the rotating shaft and stirring blade of the stirring pot having a stirring function. be done.

[Effect]

While stirring the culture medium in the stirring vessel, a sterilization step is performed by flowing a heating medium into the inner jacket, and then a cooling step is performed by flowing a cooling medium into the inner jacket. Since heating and cooling are performed from inside the stirring pot in this way, the sterilization process and cooling process can be shortened. In this sterilization and cooling process, if steam or cooling water is used to indirectly heat or cool the culture medium, the moisture content can be maintained at a desired value.

Next, by putting the seed bacteria into the stirring pot and stirring and mixing, the seed bacteria can be uniformly dispersed in the medium.
By bottling and culturing this seed mixed medium, the medium can be used effectively, shortening the mushroom growth period and increasing the mushroom yield.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the mushroom cultivation apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the internal jacket in FIG. 1, and FIG. -A arrow view, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 3.

This mushroom cultivation device includes an external jacket 2 covering the outer periphery of a stirring pot body 1, and a hollow rotating shaft 3 inside.
is installed, and a hollow rotating blade 4 is implanted in this rotating shaft 3. The rotating shaft 3 can be driven by a motor 5.

In FIG. 1, 6 indicates a boiler, and this boiler 6 has a steam valve 7.
The external jacket 2 of the stirring pot body 1 and the hollow part of the rotating shaft 3 are connected to each other by a pipe provided with the stirring pot body 1 . Further, the cold water source is connected to the outer jacket 2 of the stirring pot body 1 and the hollow part of the rotating shaft 3 through a pipe in which a cooling water valve 8 is installed.

At the top of the stirring pot body 1 are a culture medium population 9 and a seed inlet 10.
A culture medium outlet 11 is provided at the bottom of the stirring pot body 1, and a pressure gauge 12 and a thermometer 13 for measuring the pressure and temperature inside the outer jacket 2 are installed. A safety valve 14 is installed in communication with the outer jacket 2 and the inside of the stirring pot body 1, respectively.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 15 indicates an internal jacket, and as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, this internal jacket 15 has a media outlet 31 at one end, a media outlet 32 at the other end, and a gland presser 33 and A hollow rotating shaft 3 supported by a gland packing 34 and a hollow rotating blade 4 form a steam vibrator 35.
and communicate via a drain pipe 36.

The operation of the mushroom cultivation apparatus having such a structure will be explained with reference to FIG. 5.

Sawdust, rice bran, and water as a culture medium are introduced into the stirring pot body 1 by a culture medium population 9, and the rotating shaft 3 and the stirring blade II4 are rotated by the drive of the motor 5 to stir and mix the culture medium. Without stirring or mixing, the steam generated by the boiler 6 is allowed to flow into the outer jacket 2 provided around the outer periphery of the stirring pot body 1 and the inner jacket 15 provided inside the stirring blade 4. Since the culture medium is heated selectively from the inside and outside by the heating medium of the outer jacket 2 and the inner jacket 15, uniform heat sterilization can be performed in a short time. It is necessary to heat the culture medium to 120°C to kill germs. Here, there is also a heating method in which steam is directly introduced into the stirring pot body 1, but in this heating method, the moisture content of the culture medium changes due to condensation of the steam, making it practically inappropriate as a mushroom culture medium. This is because the moisture content of the medium is approximately 60
This is because the moisture content cannot be controlled with a heating method that directly introduces steam into the stirring pot body 1. The moisture content is most preferably 68%.

When heat sterilization is completed, the steam valve 7 is closed, the cooling water valve 8 is opened, cooling water is allowed to flow into the outer jacket 2 and the inner jacket 15, and the outer jacket 2 is heated while stirring the culture medium.
The inner jacket 15 is cooled from inside and outside. The culture medium should be cooled to approximately 20°C to avoid reducing the activity of the inoculum.
Do this until the following.

Next, the seed culture is introduced into the stirring pot body 1 from the seed culture population 10, and mixed uniformly with the culture medium. Through this process, the inoculum inoculation is completed, and the culture medium mixed with the inoculum is discharged from the medium outlet 11 provided at the bottom of the stirring pot body 1, packed into cultivation bottles, caps are attached, and the medium is carried into the cultivation chamber. .

The subsequent steps are the same as the process of the prior art.

By using the stirring pot having an external jacket and an internal jacket according to the present invention, heating and cooling are performed from the inside and outside of the stirring pot body 1 while stirring, so that the moisture content is maintained at a desired value during the heat sterilization process and the cooling process. The time can be significantly reduced compared to conventional methods.

Furthermore, since mushrooms are cultivated by uniformly mixing the inoculum into the culture medium after heat sterilization and cooling, the growing period is shortened and the yield of mushrooms can be increased.

FIG. 7 shows the heat sterilization and cooling patterns of the present invention.Heating and cooling in the stirring pot are performed from the outer jacket 2 and the inner jacket 15 while stirring the culture medium, so heat sterilization and cooling are performed.
Cooling time can be shortened, making it possible to complete the preparation work in one day.

Incidentally, FIG. 8 shows a pattern of heat sterilization and cooling in a conventional process, and it takes about 20 hours from the start of heating to the completion of cooling, which is a two-day process. This is a container 27 containing cultivation bottles as shown in Figure 14.
are piled up in a sterilizing pot 28, and heat transfer is carried out by passing steam into the pot.
This is because the heating method uses only conduction, so it takes a lot of time to reliably raise the temperature to the center of the culture medium in the cultivation bottle and sterilize it. This is because the room is naturally cooled and forced cooling is performed using an air conditioner, and this cooling takes a lot of time as it relies only on heat conduction inside the cultivation bottle.

Next, cultivation tests were conducted on enoki mushrooms using the conventional method and the stirring pot of the present invention.

In this example, the amount of inoculum mixed into the culture medium was varied as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Figure 9 shows the number of growing days until harvest according to the cultivation test according to Table 1. As is clear from Fig. 9, in the conventional example, 64
Compared to the previous example, it took 35 to 36 days to harvest, which significantly shortened the growing period. In this example, as shown in FIG. 11, the seed bacteria 30 are uniformly dispersed in the medium 24, so the distance that hyphae must grow from each seed into the medium is short, and as shown in FIG. This is because, in the conventional process, the inoculum does not cover the vicinity of the opening of the cultivation bottle 25, so that the hyphae can breathe smoothly.

Furthermore, the yield per 21 cultivated enoki mushrooms is shown in Figure 10. In the conventional process, the yield is about 80 g/plant, but according to the cultivation method using the stirring pot of the present invention, the yield is about 130 g/plant.
A high yield of ~160 g/bottle could be obtained. The reason for this is that the period during which the mycelium grows and spreads throughout the active area is shorter than in conventional methods, so the activity of the mycelium is high, and because the inoculum is uniformly dispersed in the medium, nutrients in the medium are converted to mycelium. This is because it becomes easier to grow and the amount of hyphae increases.

In addition, in the present invention, it is effective to provide the internal jacket on both the rotating shaft and the rotating blade, since it can further shorten the heating and cooling time. Good too.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, while stirring the culture medium of sawdust, rice bran, etc., heating and cooling can be performed indirectly from the external and internal jackets, and the inoculum can be uniformly mixed into the culture medium, so that the following effects can be achieved. be.

(1) Since the heating and cooling are indirect from the outer jacket and the inner jacket, the moisture content of the mixed culture medium whose moisture content has been controlled in advance can be maintained at a desired value.

(2) The time required for heat sterilization and cooling of the culture medium can be shortened, and the processing time required by conventional methods is reduced to X, so the preparation/inoculation process, which used to take two days, can be completed in one day.

(3) The mushroom growth period will be approximately 3.

(4) Mushroom yield increases by 1.5 to 2.0 times.

(5) Therefore, the unit production price of mushrooms becomes at least 2 or less, making it possible to put a highly profitable cultivation plant to practical use.

Therefore, the present invention makes it possible to supply an epoch-making artificial mushroom cultivation plant.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of the mushroom cultivation apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing the structure of the internal jacket in FIG. 1, and FIG. - A view taken along line A, Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in Figure 3, Figure 5 is a process diagram showing the cultivation method using the device of the present invention, and Figure 6 is a process diagram showing the conventional mushroom cultivation method 7 are explanatory diagrams showing heating and cooling patterns in the cultivation device of the present invention,
Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the heating/cooling pattern in the conventional mushroom cultivation method, Fig. 9 is a graph showing the number of days until harvest of enoki mushrooms in the example of the present invention and the conventional example, and Fig. 10 is the graph showing the number of days until harvest of enoki mushrooms in the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional example. A graph showing the yield of enoki mushrooms in the example and the conventional example. Fig. 11 is a diagram showing the status of inoculum inoculation in the cultivation bottle in the mushroom cultivation method using the apparatus of the present invention. Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the situation in the cultivation bottle in the conventional mushroom cultivation method. Figure 13 (A) is a diagram of the situation inside the cultivation bottle in the conventional mushroom cultivation method, and Figure 13 (B) is a plan view of the container containing the cultivation bottle in the conventional mushroom cultivation method. FIG. 13(C) is a side view of FIG. 13(B), and FIG. 14 is a diagram of containers stored in a sterilizing pot in a conventional mushroom cultivation method. 1...
Stirring pot body, 2... External jacket, 3...
... Rotating shaft, 4... Stirring blade, 6...
・Boiler, 9...Culture medium population, 10...
- Inoculum inlet, 11...Medium outlet, 15...
...Inner jacket, 31...Media inlet, 3
2...Medium outlet, 35...Steam pipe, 36...Drain vibe. Agent Patent Attorney Masaru Nishimoto - Figure 1 9: Cultivation 1 to stem 01 o = seed cup 71 [] t+: tkita bonito = mouth 15: Uchida Rigo Guzuto Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 14 Figure Q

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) An external jacket through which a heat medium can flow is provided on the outer periphery of a stirring pot body equipped with a culture medium inlet, a starter inlet, and a culture medium outlet, and a rotating shaft on which a rotating blade is installed is provided inside the stirring pot body; A mushroom cultivation device characterized in that at least one of the rotating blades or the rotating shaft is provided with an internal jacket having a structure through which a heat medium can flow. (2) The mushroom cultivation apparatus according to claim (1), wherein the inner jacket has a structure in which a hollow rotating blade and a hollow rotating shaft are communicated with each other.