JP7531096B2 - 正極活物質、および、電池 - Google Patents
正極活物質、および、電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7531096B2 JP7531096B2 JP2020028267A JP2020028267A JP7531096B2 JP 7531096 B2 JP7531096 B2 JP 7531096B2 JP 2020028267 A JP2020028267 A JP 2020028267A JP 2020028267 A JP2020028267 A JP 2020028267A JP 7531096 B2 JP7531096 B2 JP 7531096B2
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- Prior art keywords
- active material
- electrode active
- positive electrode
- composite oxide
- lithium composite
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 150
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 139
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 128
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 125
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 51
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 39
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 31
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 24
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 23
- -1 LiF Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018130 Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001216 Li2S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MHAIQPNJLRLFLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-fluoropropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)F MHAIQPNJLRLFLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920003196 poly(1,3-dioxolane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005497 tetraalkylphosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021561 transition metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012856 weighed raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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Description
前記リチウム複合酸化物において、BET比表面積が5m2/g以上10m2/g以下であり、かつ平均粒径が3μm以上30μm以下であり、
前記リチウム複合酸化物において、X線回折法により算出される平均結晶子サイズが150Å以上350Å以下である。
実施の形態1における正極活物質は、層状構造に属する結晶構造を有するリチウム複合酸化物を含む。さらに、このリチウム複合酸化物において、BET比表面積が5m2/g以上10m2/g以下であり、かつ平均粒径が3μm以上30μm以下であり、このリチウム複合酸化物において、X線回折法により算出される平均結晶子サイズが150Å以上350Å以下である。
LixMeyOαQβ ・・・式(1)
1.05≦x≦1.5、
0.6≦y≦1.0、
1.2≦α≦2.0、および
0<β≦0.8、
を満たしてもよい。
1.166≦x≦1.4、および
0.67≦y≦1.0、
を満たしてもよい。
1.33≦α≦1.917、
0.083≦β≦0.67、
を満たしてもよい。
以下に、実施の形態1の正極活物質に含まれるリチウム複合酸化物の製造方法の一例が、説明される。
以下、実施の形態2が説明される。なお、上述の実施の形態1と重複する説明は、適宜、省略される。
<実施例1>
[正極活物質の作製]
MnSO4と、NiSO4と、CoSO4とを、Mn/Ni/Co=6.0/2.0/2.0のモル比となるようにそれぞれ秤量した。得られた原料を、Mn+Ni+Coの濃度が2mol/Lとなるように純水に溶解し、Mn、Ni、およびCoを含む溶液(すなわち、Me原料物質を含む溶液)を得た。また、別の容器中に、KHCO3の濃度が2mol/LとなるようにKHCO3を純水に溶解して、KHCO3溶液を得た。
得られた正極活物質であるリチウム複合酸化物のBET比表面積を測定した。測定には、窒素ガス吸脱着装置である、AUTOSORB-3(ユアサイオニクス(株))を用いた。リチウム複合酸化物を50mg秤量し、測定セルに封入し、150℃で4時間真空乾燥させた後、液体窒素で冷却しながら測定を実施した。
得られた正極活物質であるリチウム複合酸化物のSEM像を取得した。測定にはJSM-6700F(日本電子(株))を用いた。このSEM像を用いて、リチウム複合酸化物の100個の粒子の粒径を測定した。測定結果から、粒径の平均値が算出された。
得られた正極活物質であるリチウム複合酸化物の結晶子サイズを測定した。測定には、X回折装置である、MiniFlex(リガク(株))を用いた。結晶子サイズの測定を5箇所で実施して、その平均値を「平均結晶子サイズ」とした。
70質量部の上述の正極活物質と、20質量部の導電剤と、10質量部のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)と、適量の2-メチルピロリドン(NMP)とを、混合した。これにより、正極合剤スラリーを得た。
上述の実施例1から、二段階目の加熱温度を、表1に示された加熱温度に変更した。これ以外は、上述の実施例1と同様にして、実施例1と同様の平均組成を有するリチウム複合酸化物を合成した。このリチウム複合酸化物を、実施例2および3の正極活物質とした。
公知の手法を用いて、炭酸リチウムと酸化コバルトとの混合物を焼成する固相法を用いて、LiCoO2で表される組成を有する正極活物質を得た。
公知の共沈法を用いて、Mn0.357Co0.143Ni0.143OH2で表される組成を有する水酸化物前駆体を合成した。次に、得られた前駆体に、実施例1と同様の加熱条件により熱処理を施して、実施例1と同様の平均組成を有するリチウム複合酸化物を合成した。このリチウム複合酸化物を、比較例2の正極活物質とした。
上述の実施例1から、二段階目の加熱温度を変更した。具体的には300~1000℃の範囲で加熱温度を調整し、その他は実施例1と同様にして、比較例3から6のリチウム複合酸化物を合成した。表1に、比較例3~6における二段階目の加熱温度が示される。
正極に対する電流密度を0.5mA/cm2に設定し、4.7Vの電圧に達するまで、実施例1の電池を充電した。
11 ケース
12 正極集電体
13 正極活物質層
14 セパレータ
15 封口板
16 負極集電体
17 負極活物質層
18 ガスケット
21 正極
22 負極
Claims (17)
- 層状構造に属する結晶構造を有するリチウム複合酸化物を含み、
前記リチウム複合酸化物において、BET比表面積が5m2/g以上10m2/g以下であり、かつ平均粒径が3μm以上30μm以下であり、
前記リチウム複合酸化物において、X線回折法により(003)面を反映するピークを用いて算出される平均結晶子サイズが150Å以上350Å以下であり、
前記リチウム複合酸化物は、F、Cl、N、およびSからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含有する、
正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物において、前記平均粒径が10μm以上30μm以下である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合酸化物において、BET比表面積が7.5m2/g以上8.1m2/g以下である、
請求項1または2のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物は、Mnを含有する、
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物は、Fを含有する、
請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物の平均組成は、下記の組成式(1)で表される、
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。
LixMeyOαQβ ・・・式(1)
ここで、
前記Meは、Mn、Co、Ni、Fe、Cu、V、Nb、Mo、Ti、Cr、Zr、Zn、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Pt、Au、Ag、Ru、W、B、Si、P、およびAlからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、
前記Qは、F、Cl、N、およびSからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、かつ、
前記組成式(1)は、下記の条件
1.05≦x≦1.5、
0.6≦y≦1.0、
1.2≦α≦2.0、および
0<β≦0.8
を満たす。 - 前記Meは、Mn、Co、Ni、Fe、Cu、V、Ti、Cr、およびZnからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、
請求項6に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記Meは、Mn、Co、Ni、およびAlからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、
請求項6または7に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記Meは、Mnを含む、
請求項7または8に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記Meに対する前記Mnの割合が、59.9モル%以上である、
請求項9に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記Qは、Fを含む、
請求項6から10のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物を、主成分として含む、
請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物は、空間群C2/mに属する結晶構造を有する第一の相と、空間群R-3mに属する結晶構造を有する第二の相と、を含む多相混合物である、
請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物は、前記第一の相と前記第二の相との二相混合物である、
請求項13に記載の正極活物質。 - 請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質を含む正極と、
負極と、
電解質と、を備える、
電池。 - 前記負極は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出しうる負極活物質、または、リチウム金属を負極活物質として溶解および析出させうる材料を含み、
前記電解質は、非水電解液である、
請求項15に記載の電池。 - 前記負極は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出しうる負極活物質、または、リチウム金属を負極活物質として溶解および析出させうる材料を含み、
前記電解質は、固体電解質である、
請求項15に記載の電池。
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