JP7509711B2 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7509711B2 JP7509711B2 JP2021048233A JP2021048233A JP7509711B2 JP 7509711 B2 JP7509711 B2 JP 7509711B2 JP 2021048233 A JP2021048233 A JP 2021048233A JP 2021048233 A JP2021048233 A JP 2021048233A JP 7509711 B2 JP7509711 B2 JP 7509711B2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 239
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- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
図面は模式的または概念的なものであり、各部分の厚みと幅との関係、部分間の大きさの比率などは、必ずしも現実のものと同一とは限らない。同じ部分を表す場合であっても、図面により互いの寸法や比率が異なって表される場合もある。
本願明細書と各図において、既に説明したものと同様の要素には同一の符号を付して詳細な説明は適宜省略する。
以下で説明する各実施形態について、各半導体領域のp形(第2導電形の一例)とn形(第1導電形の一例)を反転させて各実施形態を実施してもよい。
図1に表したように、実施形態に係る半導体装置100は、第1半導体層11、第1金属層21、接合層30、第2金属層22、及び第2半導体層12を有する。
第1半導体層11及び第2半導体層12は、シリコンを含む。例えば、第1半導体層11及び第2半導体層12は、それぞれ、シリコンウェーハが個片化されたものである。第2半導体層12における不純物濃度は、第1半導体層11における不純物濃度よりも高くてもよい。
図2の(1)~(6)は、それぞれ、第1金属層21、第2金属層22及び接合層30の材料の組合せの例である。
図2に表した(1)においては、第1金属層21、第2金属層22及び接合層30は、それぞれAgである。(2)においては、第1金属層21及び第2金属層22は、それぞれCuであり、接合層30はAgである。(3)においては、第1金属層21、第2金属層22及び接合層30は、それぞれCuである。このように、第1金属層21の材料と第2金属層22の材料とは、同じでもよい。接合層30の材料は、第1金属層21または第2金属層22の材料と同じでも良いし、異なっていてもよい。
(6)においては、第1金属層21は、Ag又はCuであり、第2金属層22はTi層とNi層とAg層との積層構造、または、Ti層とCu層との積層構造である。例えば、第1金属層21(AgまたはCu)、接合層30(AgまたはCu)、第2金属層22のAg層、第2金属層22のNi層、第2金属層22のTi層が、この順で積層される。または、第1金属層21(AgまたはCu)、接合層30(AgまたはCu)、第2金属層22のCu層、第2金属層22のTi層が、この順で積層される。
図3(a)~(d)は、実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法を例示する断面図である。
まず、図3(a)に表した第1ウェーハW1、及び図3(b)に表した第2ウェーハW2を用意する。
図3(d)に表したように、第1半導体層11の表面11fにダイシングテープDTを貼り付ける。そして、ダイシングブレードにより、第2半導体層12の表面12f側からダイシングテープDTに向かってウェーハをカットして、チップに個片化する(ダイシング工程)。これにより、半導体装置100が製造される。
図3(d)に表したように、接合層30によって接合された第1ウェーハW1及び第2ウェーハW2から、サポート基板SP1、SP2を剥離する。第1半導体層11の表面11fにダイシングテープDTを貼り付ける。そして、ダイシングブレードにより、第2半導体層12の表面12f側からダイシングテープDTに向かってウェーハをカットして、チップに個片化する(ダイシング工程)。これにより、半導体装置100が製造される。
チップを基板に半田で実装する場合等において、チップには熱が加わる。例えば、図1に表した下側積層構造41においては、第1半導体層11の熱膨張係数と第1金属層21の熱膨張係数との差によって、下側積層構造41を上に凸に反らせる応力が生じる。一方、上側積層構造42においては、第2半導体層12の熱膨張係数と第2金属層22の熱膨張係数との差によって、上側積層構造42を下に凸に反らせる応力が生じる。実施形態においては、このように互いに逆向きの反りが生じる下側積層構造41と上側積層構造42とが、接合層30によって接合されている。これにより、接合されたウェーハやチップの全体に生じる反りを抑制することができる。例えば、下側積層構造41を反らせる応力の少なくとも一部と、上側積層構造42を反らせる応力の少なくとも一部とが釣り合い、半導体装置の全体に働く応力を小さくすることができる。例えば、チップの強度劣化を抑制することができる。
なお、密度の高低は、各層に含まれる空孔(ボイド)の数や大きさから判断することができる。具体的には、例えば、接合層30の断面における単位面積あたりの空孔の総面積が、第1金属層21の断面における単位面積あたりの空孔の総面積よりも大きい場合、または、接合層30の断面において空孔が存在し、第1金属層21の断面において空孔が存在しない場合、接合層30の密度は、第1金属層21の密度よりも低いと見なすことができる。同様に、例えば、接合層30の断面における単位面積あたりの空孔の総面積が、第2金属層22の断面における単位面積あたりの空孔の総面積よりも大きい場合、または、接合層30の断面において空孔が存在し、第2金属層22の断面において空孔が存在しない場合、接合層30の密度は、第2金属層22の密度よりも低いと見なすことができる。これらの断面は、光学顕微鏡または走査電子顕微鏡(Scannning Electron Microscope:SEM)で観察することができる。
図4(a)は、参考例に係る半導体装置190におけるダイシング工程を例示している。図4(b)は、実施形態に係る半導体装置100におけるダイシング工程を例示している。
図5に表した半導体装置101において、第2半導体層12に設けられた半導体素子は、MOSFETである。具体的には、第1素子S1及び第2素子S2の2つのMOSFETが設けられている。これ以外については、半導体装置101は、半導体装置100と同様である。
半導体装置101は、ソース電極51とソース電極52との間に電圧が印加された状態で、ゲート電極71及びゲート電極72にゲートバイアスを印加することにより動作する。例えば、ゲート電極71、72にゲートバイアスを印加してMOSFETをオンにすると、電流は、図5に示した経路CPを通って、ソース電極51からソース電極52へ流れる。
第2半導体層12の材料としてシリコンが用いられる場合、n形不純物として、ヒ素、リン、またはアンチモンを用いることができる。p形不純物として、ボロンを用いることができる。例えば、シリコン半導体基板に、不純物をイオン注入することにより、ベース領域62、ソース領域63、ベース領域64、及びソース領域65を形成することができる。
ゲート電極71及びゲート電極72は、不純物がドープされたポリシリコンなどの導電材料を含む。
ソース電極51、及びソース電極52は、アルミニウム、銅、銀、チタン、タングステンなどの金属を含む。
ゲート絶縁膜81、ゲート絶縁膜82、絶縁層85、絶縁部87、絶縁部88は、酸化シリコンなどの絶縁材料を含む。
例えば、ドリフト領域61におけるn形不純物濃度は、第1半導体層11におけるn形不純物濃度よりも高い。ドリフト領域61におけるn形不純物濃度が高いことにより、ドリフト領域61の電気抵抗を小さくすることができる。これにより、MOSFETのオン抵抗を小さくすることができる。
図6に表した半導体装置102においては、第1金属層21、第2金属層22及び接合層30に凹凸が設けられている。具体的には、第1金属層21は、第1半導体層11と接する下面21uと、接合層30と接する上面21tと、を有する。半導体装置102では、上面21tに凹凸が設けられている。下面21uには凹凸が設けられなくてもよい。第2金属層22は、接合層30と接する下面22uと、第2半導体層12と接する上面22tと、を有する。半導体装置102では、下面22uに凹凸が設けられている。上面22tには凹凸が設けられなくてもよい。これ以外については、半導体装置102は、半導体装置100と同様である。
同様に、接合層30と接する第2金属層22の下面22uに凹凸を設けることにより、接合層30と第2金属層22との接触面積を大きくすることができる。これにより、接合層30と第2金属層22との界面における電気抵抗を小さくすることができる。
なお、図6には、第1金属層21、第2金属層22及び接合層30に矩形状の凹凸が設けられている状態を示したが、凹凸の形状は、これに限ったものではなく、楔状や半円形状等の段差を生じる形状であっても良く、かつ、段差の周期も下面22uと上面21tとで揃っていなくとも、同様の効果を得ることができる。
図7に表したように半導体装置103においては、第1半導体層11の幅(X方向に沿った長さL11)と、第2半導体層12の幅(X方向に沿った長さL12)と、が異なる。長さL11は、長さL12よりも長い。言い換えれば、半導体装置103の側面SFには、棚部SP(段差部)が設けられている。これ以外については、半導体装置103は、半導体装置100と同様である。
実施形態によれば、反りを抑制可能な半導体装置が提供できる。
11b…裏面
11f…表面
12…第2半導体層
12b…裏面
12f…表面
12r…半導体層
12t…上面
21…第1金属層
21b…裏面
21t…上面
21u…下面
22…第2金属層
22b…裏面
22r…金属層
22t…上面
22u…下面
30…接合層
41…下側積層構造
42…上側積層構造
50…電極
51…ソース電極
52…ソース電極
61…ドリフト領域
62…ベース領域
63…ソース領域
64…ベース領域
65…ソース領域
71…ゲート電極
72…ゲート電極
81…ゲート絶縁膜
82…ゲート絶縁膜
85…絶縁層
87…絶縁部
88…絶縁部
100、101、102、103…半導体装置
A…厚さ
A1、A2…接着剤
B…厚さ
CP…経路
DT…ダイシングテープ
DT1…基材
DT2…糊層
L11、L12…長さ
P1、P2…切断位置
S1…第1素子
S2…第2素子
SF…側面
SP…棚部
SP1、SP2…サポート基板
T1、T2…トレンチ
T11、T12、T21、T22、T30…厚さ
W1…第1ウェーハ
W2…第2ウェーハ
Claims (12)
- 第1半導体層と、
前記第1半導体層の上に設けられ、前記第1半導体層と接する第1金属層と、
前記第1金属層の上に設けられ、前記第1金属層と接する導電性の接合層と、
前記接合層の上に設けられ、前記接合層と接する第2金属層と、
前記第2金属層の上に設けられ、前記第2金属層と接し、半導体素子の少なくとも一部が設けられた第2半導体層と、
を備え、
前記接合層の密度は、前記第1金属層の密度よりも低い、半導体装置。 - 第2半導体層における不純物濃度は、第1半導体層における不純物濃度よりも高い、請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 第1半導体層と、
前記第1半導体層の上に設けられ、前記第1半導体層と接する第1金属層と、
前記第1金属層の上に設けられ、前記第1金属層と接する導電性の接合層と、
前記接合層の上に設けられ、前記接合層と接する第2金属層と、
前記第2金属層の上に設けられ、前記第2金属層と接し、半導体素子の少なくとも一部が設けられた第2半導体層と、
を備え、
第2半導体層における不純物濃度は、第1半導体層における不純物濃度よりも高い、半導体装置。 - 前記接合層は、前記第1金属層及び前記第2金属層の少なくともいずれかと同一の金属材料を含む請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。
- 第1半導体層と、
前記第1半導体層の上に設けられ、前記第1半導体層と接する第1金属層と、
前記第1金属層の上に設けられ、前記第1金属層と接する導電性の接合層と、
前記接合層の上に設けられ、前記接合層と接する第2金属層と、
前記第2金属層の上に設けられ、前記第2金属層と接し、半導体素子の少なくとも一部が設けられた第2半導体層と、
を備え、
前記接合層は、前記第1金属層及び前記第2金属層の少なくともいずれかと同一の金属材料を含む、半導体装置。 - 前記接合層は、前記第1金属層及び前記第2金属層のそれぞれよりも厚い、請求項1~5のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。
- 第1半導体層と、
前記第1半導体層の上に設けられ、前記第1半導体層と接する第1金属層と、
前記第1金属層の上に設けられ、前記第1金属層と接する導電性の接合層と、
前記接合層の上に設けられ、前記接合層と接する第2金属層と、
前記第2金属層の上に設けられ、前記第2金属層と接し、半導体素子の少なくとも一部が設けられた第2半導体層と、
を備え、
前記接合層は、前記第1金属層及び前記第2金属層のそれぞれよりも厚い、半導体装置。 - 第1制御電極と、第2制御電極と、第1電極と、第2電極と、をさらに備え、
前記第2半導体層は、
前記第2金属層の上に設けられた第1導電形の第1半導体領域と、
前記第1半導体領域の上に設けられた第2導電形の第2半導体領域と、
前記第2半導体領域の上に設けられた第1導電形の第3半導体領域と、
前記第1半導体領域の上に設けられ、前記第1半導体層から前記第2半導体層へ向かう方向と垂直な方向において前記第2半導体領域と離間した第2導電形の第4半導体領域と、
前記第4半導体領域の上に設けられた第1導電形の第5半導体領域と、
を含み、
前記第1制御電極は、前記第2半導体領域と、第1絶縁膜を介して対向し、
前記第1電極は、前記第3半導体領域及び前記第1制御電極の上に設けられ、前記第3半導体領域と電気的に接続され、前記第1制御電極と第1絶縁部により絶縁され、
前記第2制御電極は、前記第4半導体領域と、第2絶縁膜を介して対向し、
前記第2電極は、前記第5半導体領域及び前記第2制御電極の上に設けられ、前記第5半導体領域と電気的に接続され、前記第2制御電極と第2絶縁部により絶縁された請求項1~7のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。 - 第1半導体層と、
前記第1半導体層の上に設けられ、前記第1半導体層と接する第1金属層と、
前記第1金属層の上に設けられ、前記第1金属層と接する導電性の接合層と、
前記接合層の上に設けられ、前記接合層と接する第2金属層と、
前記第2金属層の上に設けられ、前記第2金属層と接し、半導体素子の少なくとも一部が設けられた第2半導体層と、
第1制御電極と、
第2制御電極と、
第1電極と、
第2電極と、
を備え、
前記第2半導体層は、
前記第2金属層の上に設けられた第1導電形の第1半導体領域と、
前記第1半導体領域の上に設けられた第2導電形の第2半導体領域と、
前記第2半導体領域の上に設けられた第1導電形の第3半導体領域と、
前記第1半導体領域の上に設けられ、前記第1半導体層から前記第2半導体層へ向かう方向と垂直な方向において前記第2半導体領域と離間した第2導電形の第4半導体領域と、
前記第4半導体領域の上に設けられた第1導電形の第5半導体領域と、
を含み、
前記第1制御電極は、前記第2半導体領域と、第1絶縁膜を介して対向し、
前記第1電極は、前記第3半導体領域及び前記第1制御電極の上に設けられ、前記第3半導体領域と電気的に接続され、前記第1制御電極と第1絶縁部により絶縁され、
前記第2制御電極は、前記第4半導体領域と、第2絶縁膜を介して対向し、
前記第2電極は、前記第5半導体領域及び前記第2制御電極の上に設けられ、前記第5半導体領域と電気的に接続され、前記第2制御電極と第2絶縁部により絶縁された、半導体装置。 - 前記第1半導体層の厚さは、前記第2半導体層の厚さの0.9倍以上1.1倍以下である、請求項1~9のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1金属層の厚さは、前記第2金属層の厚さの0.9倍以上1.1倍以下である、請求項1~10のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1金属層及び前記第2金属層は、同一の金属材料を含む、請求項1~11のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。
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JP2009295961A (ja) | 2008-05-08 | 2009-12-17 | Denso Corp | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
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