JP7496359B2 - 膜 - Google Patents
膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7496359B2 JP7496359B2 JP2021534194A JP2021534194A JP7496359B2 JP 7496359 B2 JP7496359 B2 JP 7496359B2 JP 2021534194 A JP2021534194 A JP 2021534194A JP 2021534194 A JP2021534194 A JP 2021534194A JP 7496359 B2 JP7496359 B2 JP 7496359B2
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- membrane
- catalyst
- layer
- supported
- recombination
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 198
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 130
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 131
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 31
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 27
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003937 Aquivion® Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002064 nanoplatelet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000295 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003934 Aciplex® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002060 nanoflake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000566 Platinum-iridium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012668 chain scission Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002999 depolarising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxyl Chemical group O[O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum-iridium alloy Chemical class [Ir].[Pt] HWLDNSXPUQTBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1046—Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive
- H01M8/1051—Non-ion-conducting additives, e.g. stabilisers, SiO2 or ZrO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/08—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Description
(i)ガス拡散層に電極触媒層を適用して、ガス拡散電極を形成してもよい。イオン伝導性膜の各側にガス拡散電極を配置し、互いに積層して、5層膜電極接合体を形成する。
(ii)イオン伝導性膜の両面に電極触媒層を適用して、触媒コーティングされたイオン伝導性膜を形成してもよい。続いて、触媒コーティングされたイオン伝導性膜の各面にガス拡散層を適用する。
(iii)片側に電極触媒層でコーティングされたイオン伝導膜、その電極触媒層に隣接するガス拡散層、及びイオン伝導性膜の反対側のガス拡散電極から、膜電極接合体を形成することができる。
i)白金族金属(すなわち、白金、パラジウム、イリジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、及びオスミウムを含む元素群)、
ii)金、
iii)卑金属、
iv)上述の元素のうちの1つ以上を含む合金、
v)上述のいずれかの混合物。
(i)白金族金属(白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、イリジウム、及びオスミウム)、
(ii)金又は銀、
(iii)卑金属、
又はこれらの金属若しくはその酸化物のうちの1つ以上を含む合金又は混合物から選択される。
(i)本発明のプロトン交換膜は、2つのガス拡散電極(1つのアノード及び1つのカソード)の間に挟まれてもよく、
(ii)一方の側に電極触媒層を有する本発明による触媒コーティング膜は、ガス拡散層とガス拡散電極との間に挟まれてもよく、ガス拡散層が、電極触媒層をその上に有する膜の側に接触する、又は、
(iii)両側に電極触媒層を有する本発明の触媒コーティング膜は、2つのガス拡散層の間に挟まれてもよい。
グラフェン上のPtは、グラフェン源としてXGnP(登録商標)グラフェンナノプレートレットC-Grade GNP-C-500(XG Sciences)及びを白金源としてK2[PtCl4]用いて、カーボンブラック上のPtについて国際公開第2013/045894A1号に記載の方法を適用することにより調製した。
プロパン-1-オール(90.3g)と、50%のPt/グラフェン(0.524g)とを合わせ、1時間撹拌した後、マイクロフルイダイザーを通過させて添加剤の粒径を減少させた。
比較例1を、触媒が50%のPt/グラフェンである代わりに、触媒がXC72R(Vulcan(登録商標)から入手可能なカーボンブラック)上の40%のPtであったこと、すなわち、担体がグラフェンではなくカーボンブラックであったことを除いて、実施例1と同じ方法で調製した。
比較例2を、50%のPt/グラフェンを、Ptを含まないグラフェンに置き換えたこと、すなわち再結合触媒は存在しなかったことを除いて、実施例1と同じ方法で調製した。
比較例3を、いずれの層も担持された再結合触媒を含まなかった(すなわち、層の全てがアイオノマーから構成されていた)ことを除いて、実施例1と同じ方法で調製した。
引張試験
Hounsfield張力計(Tensometer)を使用して、膜の機械的試験を実施した。周囲実験室条件(すなわち、名目上20℃、50%RH)下で、50mm/分の自動ジョー速度を使用して、15mm×100mmの膜ストリップに力を加えた。
予備形成された電極を、デカール法を用いて膜に移し、0.1mg/cm2の60重量%のPt/Cアノード層(80%のSolvay 790EWアイオノマーを有する高表面積の炭素上の60%のPt)及び0.4mg/cm2の50重量%のPt/Cカソード(炭素上50%のPt、80%のAciplex 800EWアイオノマー)層を有する触媒コーティング膜(CCM)を得た。ウィンドウフレーム型ガスケットを加えて、217cm2の活性領域を有するCCMを作製した。CCMを、試験用のSGL(登録商標)からのSigracet(登録商標)10BBガス拡散層と組み合わせ、試験固定具の構築によって与えられた圧縮によってのみCCMに結合した。
Claims (13)
- プロトン交換膜と、前記プロトン交換膜の両方の面に適用された電極触媒層と、を含む、触媒コーティング膜であって、
前記プロトン交換膜は、イオン伝導性ポリマーと、担持された再結合触媒とを含むイオン伝導性層を含み、前記再結合触媒が、グラフェン上に担持されている、触媒コーティング膜。 - 前記担持された再結合触媒が、前記イオン伝導性ポリマー中に分散されている、請求項1に記載の触媒コーティング膜。
- 前記再結合触媒が、白金、パラジウム、白金を含む合金、パラジウムを含む合金、又はこれらの混合物である、請求項1又は2に記載の触媒コーティング膜。
- 前記再結合触媒が、グラフェン系プレートレット上に担持されている、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の触媒コーティング膜。
- 前記プロトン交換膜が、2つ以上のイオン伝導性層を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の触媒コーティング膜。
- 前記プロトン交換膜が、6つ以下のイオン伝導性層を含む、請求項5に記載の触媒コーティング膜。
- 少なくとも1つのイオン伝導性層が、担持された再結合触媒を含まない、請求項5又は6に記載の触媒コーティング膜。
- 前記再結合触媒が、前記再結合触媒及び前記グラフェンの総重量の10~90重量%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒コーティング膜。
- 前記プロトン交換膜が、補強材料を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の触媒コーティング膜。
- 前記電極触媒層が、
(i)白金族金属(白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、イリジウム、及びオスミウム)、
(ii)金、
(iii)卑金属、
又はこれらの金属若しくはそれらの酸化物のうちの1つ以上を含む合金又は混合物から選択される電極触媒を含む、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の触媒コーティング膜。 - 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒コーティング膜を含む、膜電極接合体。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒コーティング膜、又は請求項11に記載の膜電極接合体を含む、燃料電池。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒コーティング膜、又は請求項11に記載の膜電極接合体を含む、プロトン交換膜電気分解装置。
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