JP7474566B2 - 発振回路、半導体装置、オシレータic - Google Patents
発振回路、半導体装置、オシレータic Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1228—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more field effect transistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
- H03K5/24—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16528—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values using digital techniques or performing arithmetic operations
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/02—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage
- G01R23/06—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage by converting frequency into an amplitude of current or voltage
- G01R23/09—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage by converting frequency into an amplitude of current or voltage using analogue integrators, e.g. capacitors establishing a mean value by balance of input signals and defined discharge signals or leakage
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- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
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- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1206—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
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- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/124—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance
- H03B5/1246—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance the means comprising transistors used to provide a variable capacitance
- H03B5/1253—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance the means comprising transistors used to provide a variable capacitance the transistors being field-effect transistors
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- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/085—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal
- H03L7/091—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector using a sampling device
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- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/085—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal
- H03L7/097—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal using a comparator for comparing the voltages obtained from two frequency to voltage converters
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- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/099—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop
- H03L7/0991—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop the oscillator being a digital oscillator, e.g. composed of a fixed oscillator followed by a variable frequency divider
- H03L7/0992—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop the oscillator being a digital oscillator, e.g. composed of a fixed oscillator followed by a variable frequency divider comprising a counter or a frequency divider
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/003—Circuit elements of oscillators
- H03B2200/0038—Circuit elements of oscillators including a current mirror
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/003—Circuit elements of oscillators
- H03B2200/005—Circuit elements of oscillators including measures to switch a capacitor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/003—Circuit elements of oscillators
- H03B2200/0052—Circuit elements of oscillators including measures to switch the feedback circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/006—Functional aspects of oscillators
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Description
VC∝IREF1/(C×fSW) …(1)
この検出電圧VCは、キャパシタCならびにスイッチング周波数fSW(すなわち分周クロックの周波数fDIV)に反比例し、基準電流IREF1に比例する。
VR∝IREF2×R …(2)
IREF1/(C×fDIV)=IREF2×R …(3)
したがってIREF1=IREF2が成り立つとき、フィードバックループの安定化後において、分周クロックCLKDIVの周波数fDIVおよびオシレータクロックCLKOSCの周波数fOSCは、それぞれ式(4)、(5)で与えられる。
fDIV=1/CR …(4)
fOSC=N×fDIV=N/CR …(5)
fDIV=1/CR×IREF1/IREF2 …(6)
本明細書に開示される一実施の形態は、発振回路に関する。発振回路は、制御信号に応じた周波数を有するクロックを生成する周波数可変発振器と、基準電流を生成する基準電流源と、クロックと同期して基準電流を第1経路と第2経路に時分割で振り分ける経路セレクタと、第1経路と接続されるキャパシタを含み、基準電流によってキャパシタを充電または放電し、検出電圧を生成するF/V変換回路と、第2経路と接続される抵抗を含み、抵抗に生ずる電位に応じた基準電圧を発生する基準電圧源と、検出電圧が基準電圧に近づくように制御信号を調節するフィードバック回路と、を備える。
以下、本発明を好適な実施の形態をもとに図面を参照しながら説明する。各図面に示される同一または同等の構成要素、部材、処理には、同一の符号を付するものとし、適宜重複した説明は省略する。また、実施の形態は、発明を限定するものではなく例示であって、実施の形態に記述されるすべての特徴やその組み合わせは、必ずしも発明の本質的なものであるとは限らない。
IREF1=IREF2=IREF0
VC=IREF1×TCHG/C=IREF0×TCHG/C …(7)
VR=IREF2×R=IREF0×R …(8)
1/TCHG=1/CR …(9)
TCHG=A/fOSC …(10)
fOSC=A/CR …(11)
fOUT=1/CR …(12)
図5は、第2実施例に係る発振回路100Bの回路図である。発振回路100Bの構成について、図4の発振回路100Aとの相違点を説明する。周波数可変発振器102は、制御コードDCTRLに応じた周波数で発振するDCOである。フィードバック回路110Bは、チャージポンプ114に代えてアップダウンカウンタ118を備える。アップダウンカウンタ118は、クロックドコンパレータ112の出力に応じて、カウントアップ/カウントダウンし、制御コードDCTRLを生成する。
図4の動作では、充電時間TCHGの間、基準電圧VRが0Vまで低下する。第2スイッチSW22や抵抗R、クロックドコンパレータ112の入力、そしてそれらを接続する配線等は無視できない寄生容量を有するため、基準電圧VRが0Vから正規の電圧レベルに復帰するまでには遅延が生ずる。オシレータクロックCLKOSCの周波数fOSCが高くなると、この遅延が比較動作に問題を引き起こす可能性がある。第3実施例では、この問題を解決するための改良を説明する。
上述のように、発振回路100の発振周波数は、キャパシタCの容量と、抵抗Rの抵抗値で規定されため、容量Cや抵抗Rがプロセスばらつきによって変動すると、発振周波数に誤差が生ずる。第4実施例では周波数のキャリブレーションについて説明する。
図9(a)、(b)は、発振回路100を備える半導体装置を示す図である。図9(a)の半導体装置200Aは、オシレータ202と、回路ブロック204を備える。オシレータ202は上述の発振回路100であり、キャパシタC、抵抗Rに応じて定まる周波数の基準クロックCLKREFを発生する。回路ブロック204は、(i)基準クロックCLKREFと同期して演算処理を行うロジック回路を含んでもよい。あるいは回路ブロック204は、(ii)基準クロックCLKREFを逓倍し、高周波(RF)信号を生成するPLL回路(周波数シンセサイザ)を含んでもよい。RF信号は、A/DコンバータやD/Aコンバータのクロックとして利用してもよい。あるいは回路ブロック204は、RF信号を利用する無線通信の変調器や復調器を含んでもよい。
102 周波数可変発振器
104 基準電流源
105 ダミー電流源
106,107 経路セレクタ
108 第1経路
109 第2経路
SW21 第1スイッチ
SW22 第2スイッチ
120 F/V変換回路
C キャパシタ
SW11 初期化スイッチ
130 基準電圧源
R 基準抵抗
VR 基準電圧
VC 検出電圧
110 フィードバック回路
112 クロックドコンパレータ
114 チャージポンプ
118 アップダウンカウンタ
170 タイミング発生器
190 FLL回路
192 周波数検出器
194 メモリ
196 セレクタ
Claims (10)
- 制御信号に応じた周波数を有するクロックを生成する周波数可変発振器と、
基準電流IREF0を生成する基準電流源と、
前記クロックと同期した選択信号にもとづいて、前記基準電流IREF0を、前記選択信号が第1レベルである第1期間において第1経路に振り分け、前記選択信号が第2レベルである第2期間において第2経路に時分割で振り分ける経路セレクタと、
前記第1経路と接続されるキャパシタを含み、(i)前記第1期間において、前記第1経路に振り分けられた前記基準電流IREF0と等しい電流量を有する電流IREF1により前記キャパシタを充電または放電し、時間に対して前記電流IREF1に比例した傾きで変化する前記キャパシタの電圧である検出電圧を生成し、(ii)前記第2期間において前記検出電圧をホールドし、リセット信号に応答して前記検出電圧をリセットする、F/V変換回路と、
前記第2経路と接続される抵抗値がRである抵抗を含み、前記第2期間において前記第2経路に振り分けられた前記基準電流IREF0と等しい電流量を有する電流IREF2が前記抵抗に発生させる電位IREF2×Rに応じた基準電圧を出力する基準電圧源と、
前記第2期間において前記F/V変換回路にホールドされている前記検出電圧が、前記第2期間において前記基準電圧源に発生している前記基準電圧に近づくように前記制御信号を調節するフィードバック回路と、
を備えることを特徴とする発振回路。 - 前記フィードバック回路は、前記クロックと同期して前記基準電圧と前記検出電圧を比較するクロックドコンパレータを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の発振回路。
- 前記周波数可変発振器は電圧制御発振器であり、
前記フィードバック回路は、前記クロックドコンパレータの出力に応じたアップ信号およびダウン信号によって制御されるチャージポンプをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の発振回路。 - 前記周波数可変発振器はデジタル制御発振器であり、
前記フィードバック回路は、前記クロックドコンパレータの出力に応じてアップ信号およびダウン信号によって制御されるアップダウンカウンタをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の発振回路。 - 前記クロックにもとづいて、前記クロックドコンパレータおよび前記経路セレクタを制御するタイミング発生器をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項2から4のいずれかに記載の発振回路。
- 前記フィードバック回路は、前記クロックと同期したオフセットキャンセル機構を有するエラーアンプを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の発振回路。
- 前記経路セレクタが前記基準電流を前記第1経路に振り分けている前記第1期間、前記第2経路にダミーの基準電流を供給するダミー電流源をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の発振回路。
- 前記キャパシタは制御コードに応じて制御可能な可変容量を含み、
前記発振回路は、
前記クロックの周波数が外部から入力される基準クロックの周波数に近づくように制御コードを生成するFLL(Frequency Locked Loop)回路と、
前記FLL回路がロックした状態の前記制御コードを不揮発的に保持するメモリと、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の発振回路。 - 請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の発振回路と、
前記発振回路が生成するクロックを受ける回路ブロックと、
を備えることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の発振回路を備えることを特徴とするオシレータIC(Integrated Circuit)。
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JP7373917B2 (ja) * | 2019-05-17 | 2023-11-06 | ローム株式会社 | 発振回路、半導体装置、オシレータic |
US11539328B2 (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-12-27 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Timing circuit for locking a voltage controlled oscillator to a high frequency by use of low frequency quotients and resistor to switched capacitor matching |
CN113054910B (zh) * | 2021-03-11 | 2023-03-21 | 四川中微芯成科技有限公司 | 电容振荡电路、电容检测电路及检测方法 |
US11476838B1 (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-10-18 | Nxp B.V. | Low power free running oscillator |
CN116979933B (zh) * | 2023-09-22 | 2024-01-09 | 广东海洋大学 | 一种与温度和电源无关的高频张弛振荡器及其振荡方法 |
CN118425610A (zh) * | 2024-07-04 | 2024-08-02 | 中茵微电子(南京)有限公司 | 一种振荡器的检测与调整装置及方法 |
CN118449455A (zh) * | 2024-07-05 | 2024-08-06 | 上海灵动微电子股份有限公司 | 一种振荡器及集成电路 |
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