JP7459511B2 - 半導体素子の製造方法、および、太陽電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体素子の製造方法、および、太陽電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7459511B2 JP7459511B2 JP2019566850A JP2019566850A JP7459511B2 JP 7459511 B2 JP7459511 B2 JP 7459511B2 JP 2019566850 A JP2019566850 A JP 2019566850A JP 2019566850 A JP2019566850 A JP 2019566850A JP 7459511 B2 JP7459511 B2 JP 7459511B2
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- PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(n-ethyl-3-methoxyanilino)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN(CC)C1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BRGJIIMZXMWMCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)O BRGJIIMZXMWMCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XJPBRODHZKDRCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-alpha-ocimene Natural products CC(=C)CCC=C(C)C=C XJPBRODHZKDRCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YZVRVDPMGYFCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetyloxysilyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)OC(C)=O YZVRVDPMGYFCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIHPVQDFBJMUAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](CC)(OCCCC)OCCCC GIHPVQDFBJMUAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYZQBXUDWTVJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](C)(OCCCC)OCCCC GYZQBXUDWTVJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl borate Chemical compound CCCCOB(OCCCC)OCCCC LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJEYUFMTCHLQQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(naphthalen-1-yl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C([Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)=CC=CC2=C1 ZJEYUFMTCHLQQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYCSMKDCDZVBGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(naphthalen-2-yl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC([Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)=CC=C21 UYCSMKDCDZVBGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOVWGKNFLVZRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(trifluoromethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C(F)(F)F BOVWGKNFLVZRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC(F)(F)F JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSOVVFMGSCDMIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(naphthalen-1-yl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C([Si](OC)(OC)OC)=CC=CC2=C1 ZSOVVFMGSCDMIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ORVBHOQTQDOUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(trifluoromethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C(F)(F)F ORVBHOQTQDOUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZESWBFKRPIRQCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-(4-methoxyphenyl)silane Chemical compound COC1=CC=C([Si](OC)(OC)OC)C=C1 ZESWBFKRPIRQCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQEGZYAXBCFSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-(4-methylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 XQEGZYAXBCFSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/225—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Description
(a-1)下記一般式(1)で示されるシラン化合物の重合体、および
(a-2)不純物拡散成分
を含む半導体素子の製造方法である。
<不純物拡散組成物(a)>
本発明で用いられる不純物拡散組成物(a)は、(a-1)下記一般式(1)で示されるシラン化合物の重合体を必須の成分として含む。
なかでもリン酸が好ましい。
<不純物拡散組成物(d)>
本発明において、不純物拡散組成物(d)の第一の好適な態様は、不純物拡散組成物(d)が(d-1)シラン化合物の重合体、および(d-2)不純物拡散成分を含むことである。
製膜後の膜の強靱性の観点から好ましい(n2+m2)の範囲は5~10000、より好ましくは10~10000である。
アウトディフージョン抑制、マスク性の更なる向上の観点から、炭素数6~15のアリール基を含有するユニットは、35モル%以上がより好ましく、40モル%以上がさらに好ましい。また、雰囲気や膜厚の影響なく、残渣を発生させないためには、アリール基を含有するユニットが80モル%以下であることが好ましい。すなわち、n2:m2=80:20~40:60であることが特に好ましい。
本発明の半導体素子の製造方法は、半導体基板上に2水準以上の異なる不純物濃度で同じ型の不純物拡散層領域を形成する半導体素子の製造方法であって、うち、少なくとも1水準以上の不純物拡散層領域が、不純物拡散組成物(a)を半導体基板に塗布して部分的に不純物拡散組成物膜(b)を形成する工程とそれを加熱して不純物を半導体基板に拡散させて不純物拡散層領域(c)を形成する工程を含む方法により形成され、不純物拡散組成物(a)が(a-1)前記一般式(1)で示されるシラン化合物の重合体、および(a-2)不純物拡散成分を含む。ここでいう、異なる不純物濃度とは不純物濃度差で1×1017/cm3以上であり、不純物拡散層領域を形成した部分の基板表面のシート抵抗値の差が10Ω/□以上であることを指す。
以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定され
るものではない。なお、用いた化合物のうち、略語を使用しているものについて、以下に示す。以下の実施例1-8、14は参考例1-8、14と読み替える。
KBM-103:フェニルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学(株)製)
GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン
BYK-333:シリコーン系界面活性剤(ビックケミ-(株)製)
SH30PA:シリコーン系界面活性剤(東レダウコーニング(株)製)
<評価方法>
シート抵抗値(表面抵抗値)均一性(不純物拡散濃度均一性)
実施例1~14、比較例1~4で不純物拡散組成物の除去まで行った半導体基板について、図3に示した箇所(A~D、E~M)で表面抵抗値を四探針式表面抵抗測定装置RT-70V (ナプソン(株)製)を用いて測定を行った。
<シリカ化合物の重合体溶液の合成>
2000mLの三口フラスコにKBM-13を164.93g、KBM-103を204.07g、GBLを363.03g仕込み、40℃で攪拌しながら水130.76gにギ酸1.215gを溶かしたギ酸水溶液を30分かけて添加した。滴下終了後、40℃で1時間撹拌した後、70℃に昇温し、30分撹拌した。その後、オイルバスを115℃まで昇温した。昇温開始1時間後に溶液の内温が100℃に到達し、そこから1時間加熱攪拌した(内温は100~110℃)。得られた溶液を氷浴にて冷却し、シリカ化合物の重合体を得た。重合溶液の固形分濃度は39.8質量%であった。
<p型不純物拡散組成物の調製>
上記で合成したシリカ化合物の重合体4.39gとほう酸1.47gとGBLを12.55g、BYK-333を溶液全体に対して300ppmになるように添加し、均一になるように十分撹拌し、p型不純物拡散組成物Aを得た。
<シリカ化合物の重合体溶液の合成>
500mLの三口フラスコに3-グリシジルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシランを112.47g、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルを130.47g仕込み、加熱により40℃まで昇温した。そして、濃硫酸0.24gと水を42.83gとの混合溶液を滴下添加した。滴下添加を完成した後40℃で1時間撹拌し続けた。そして、70℃まで昇温し、且つ1時間20分間撹拌した。そして、100℃まで昇温し、且つ1時間撹拌した。その後、油浴温度を120℃まで昇温し、撹拌した。120℃で1時間攪拌後、40℃以下まで冷却しシリカ化合物の重合体溶液を得た。
<p型不純物拡散組成物の調製>
500mLの三口フラスコに3-メトキシ-3-メチルブタノールを58.55g、ポリビニルアルコール(日本酢ビ・ポバール(株)製:重合度300、ケン化度85%)を4.22g順次添加した。加熱により80℃まで昇温し、そして、水を36.00g滴下添加した。滴下添加を完成した後ポリビニルアルコールを完全に溶解するまで80℃で撹拌し続けた。そして、三酸化ホウ素を0.73g添加し、且つ80℃で1時間撹拌し続けた。そして、40℃以下まで冷却し、上記で合成されたシリカ化合物の重合体溶液を20g滴下添加した。持続的に1時間撹拌し、p型不純物拡散組成物Bを得た。
<p型不純物拡散組成物の調製>
300mLの三口フラスコに水を73.74g、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルを113.4g、ポリビニルアルコール(日本酢ビ・ポバール(株)製:重合度300、ケン化度85%)を9.3g順次添加した。加熱により80℃まで昇温し、ポリビニルアルコールを完全に溶解するまで80℃で撹拌し続けた。そして、三酸化ニホウ素を1.793g添加し、且つ80℃で1時間撹拌し続けた。そして、40℃以下まで冷却し、SH30PAを0.01g加えてさらに1時間攪拌し、p型不純物拡散組成物Cを得た。
<不純物拡散成分含有粒子の合成>
B2O3、SiO2、Al2O3及びCaOの組成モル比が、それぞれ40mol%、45mol%、5mol%及び10mol%となるように、B2O3、SiO2、Al2O3及び及びCaSO4(全て、(株)高純度化学研究所製)を秤量した。メノウ乳鉢で混合後、白金るつぼに入れ、ガラス溶融炉にて1500℃、2時間保持した。その後、急冷してガラス塊を得た。これをメノウ乳鉢で粉砕後、遊星型ボールミルにて粉砕し、粒子形状が球状で、平均粒径が0.35μm、軟化点が約800℃のガラス粒子を得た。
<p型不純物拡散組成物の調製>
上記ガラス粒子を10g、エチルセルロースを6g及びテルピネオールを84g混合してペースト化し、p型不純物拡散組成物Dを得た。
<p型不純物拡散組成物の調製>
濃度40%のトリメトキシシランのGBL溶液を4.39gとほう酸1.47gとGBLを12.55g、BYK-333を溶液全体に対して300ppmになるように添加し、均一になるように十分撹拌し、p型不純物拡散組成物Eを得た。
<シリカ化合物の重合体溶液の合成>
2000mLの三口フラスコにKBM-13(メチルトリメトキシシラン)を183.25g、KBM-103(フェニルトリメトキシシラン)を266.75g、GBLを403.36g仕込み、40℃で攪拌しながら水145.29gにギ酸0.45gを溶かしたギ酸水溶液を30分かけて添加した。滴下終了後、40℃で1時間撹拌した後、70℃に昇温し、30分撹拌した。その後、オイルバスを115℃まで昇温した。昇温開始1時間後に溶液の内温が100℃に到達し、そこから1時間加熱攪拌した(内温は100~110℃)。得られた溶液を氷浴にて冷却しシリカ化合物の重合体溶液を得た。
<p型不純物拡散組成物の調製>
上記で合成したシリカ化合物の重合体13.42gと、ホウ酸1.31gと、ケン化度が49%のポリビニルアルコール(日本酢ビ・ポバール(株)製)(以下ポリビニルアルコール(49)と表す)11.63gと、微粒子酸化ケイ素であるアエロジルVPNKC130(日本アエロジル(株)製)3.9gと、GBL24.64gと、テルピネオール35.1gと、水10gを混合し、均一になるように十分撹拌し、p型不純物拡散組成物Fを得た。
ポリビニルアルコールのケン化度を70%としたこと以外は、配合例6と同様にしてp型不純物拡散組成物Gを得た。
基板として、一辺156mmのn型単結晶シリコンからなる半導体基板を用意し、スライスダメージや自然酸化物を除去するために、両表面をアルカリエッチングした。この際、半導体基板の両面には典型的な幅が40~100μm、深さ3~4μm程度の無数の凹凸が形成され、これを塗布基板(シート抵抗値:200Ω/□)とした。
塗布基板は、実施例1と同じものを用いた。
塗布基板は、実施例1と同じものを用いた。
塗布基板は、実施例1と同じものを用いた。
p型不純物拡散組成物Bをp型不純物拡散組成物Cに変更した以外は実施例4と同様にシート抵抗値の測定まで行った。
塗布基板は、実施例1と同じものを用いた。
実施例7
塗布基板は、実施例1と同じものを用いた。
塗布基板は、実施例1と同じものを用いた。
p型不純物拡散組成物Aをp型不純物拡散組成物Fに変更した以外は実施例1と同様にシート抵抗値の測定まで行った。
p型不純物拡散組成物Aをp型不純物拡散組成物Fに変更した以外は実施例2と同様にシート抵抗値の測定まで行った。
p型不純物拡散組成物Aをp型不純物拡散組成物Fに変更した以外は実施例3と同様にシート抵抗値の測定まで行った。
p型不純物拡散組成物Aをp型不純物拡散組成物Fに変更した以外は実施例4と同様にシート抵抗値の測定まで行った。
p型不純物拡散組成物Aをp型不純物拡散組成物Fに変更した以外は実施例5と同様にシート抵抗値の測定まで行った。
p型不純物拡散組成物Aをp型不純物拡散組成物Gに変更した以外は実施例1と同様にシート抵抗値の測定まで行った。
p型不純物拡散組成物Aをp型不純物拡散組成物Dに変更した以外は実施例1と同様にシート抵抗値の測定まで行った。
p型不純物拡散組成物Aをp型不純物拡散組成物Eに変更した以外は実施例1と同様にシート抵抗値の測定まで行った。
臭化ホウ素(BBr3)を停止して炉内を不純物拡散成分を含む雰囲気としない以外は実施例1と同様にシート抵抗値の測定まで行った。
p型拡散層形成組成物Aのパターンが形成された基板にp型不純物拡散組成物Bを塗布しない以外は実施例4と同様にシート抵抗値の測定まで行った。
2 イオン注入
3 不純物拡散成分含有ガス
4 不純物拡散組成物膜(b)のパターン
Claims (15)
- 半導体基板上に2水準以上の異なる不純物濃度で同じ型の不純物拡散層領域を形成する半導体素子の製造方法であって、うち、少なくとも1水準以上の不純物拡散層領域が、不純物拡散組成物(a)を半導体基板に塗布して部分的に不純物拡散組成物膜(b)を形成する工程とそれを加熱して不純物を半導体基板に拡散させて不純物拡散層領域(c)を形成する工程を含む方法により形成され、
不純物拡散組成物(a)が
(a-1)下記一般式(1)で示されるシラン化合物の重合体
(a-2)不純物拡散成分、および
(a-3)ケン化度が20モル%以上50モル%未満であるポリビニルアルコール
を含む半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記シラン化合物の重合体が、下記一般式(2)で示されるシラン化合物の重合体である請求項1記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 不純物拡散組成物膜(b)をマスクとして不純物拡散組成物膜(b)未形成部分に不純物を拡散させる工程を含む請求項1または2記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 不純物拡散組成物膜(b)未形成部分に不純物を拡散させる工程が、不純物拡散組成物膜(b)を加熱して不純物を前記半導体基板に拡散させて不純物拡散層領域(c)を形成した後である請求項3記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 不純物拡散組成物膜(b)未形成部分に不純物を拡散させる工程が、不純物拡散組成物膜(b)を加熱して不純物を前記半導体基板に拡散させる工程と同時に行われる請求項3記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 不純物拡散組成物膜(b)未形成部分に不純物を拡散させる工程が、不純物拡散成分を含むイオンを注入する工程である請求項4または5記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 不純物拡散組成物膜(b)未形成部分に不純物を拡散させる工程が、不純物拡散成分を含む雰囲気中で加熱する工程である請求項4または5記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 不純物拡散組成物膜(b)未形成部分に不純物を拡散させる工程が、不純物拡散組成物膜(b)が形成された半導体基板上に、不純物拡散組成物(d)を不純物拡散組成物膜(b)未形成部分に塗布して形成した不純物拡散組成物膜(e)を加熱する工程である請求項4または5記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 半導体基板上に不純物拡散成分を含むイオンを注入する工程、不純物拡散成分を含む雰囲気中で加熱する工程、および、不純物拡散組成物(d)を全面塗布して形成した不純物拡散組成物膜(e)を加熱する工程からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1つの工程を用いて不純物拡散層領域(f)を形成させた後、不純物拡散組成物(a)を塗布して部分的に不純物拡散組成物膜(b)を形成する工程とそれを加熱して不純物を半導体基板に拡散させて不純物拡散層領域(c)を形成する工程を含む請求項1または2記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 半導体基板上に不純物拡散組成物(d)を全面塗布して不純物拡散組成物膜(e)を形成し、その上に不純物拡散組成物(a)を塗布して部分的に不純物拡散組成物膜(b)を形成する工程と、それらを同時に加熱して不純物を半導体基板に拡散させて不純物拡散層領域(c)、(f)を同時に形成する工程を含む請求項1または2記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 不純物拡散組成物(d)が
(d-1)シラン化合物の重合体、および
(d-2)不純物拡散成分
を含む請求項8~10のいずれか記載の半導体素子の製造方法。 - (d-1)シラン化合物の重合体が、下記一般式(4)で示されるシラン化合物の重合体である請求項11記載の半導体素子の製造方法。
- 不純物拡散組成物(d)が
(d-4)ポリビニルアルコール、およびポリエーテルオキシドからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の樹脂
(d-5)不純物拡散成分、並びに
(d-6)溶媒
を含み、全溶媒中の25質量%以上が水である請求項8~10のいずれか記載の半導体素子の製造方法。 - 請求項1~14のいずれか記載の半導体素子の製造方法を含む太陽電池の製造方法。
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