JP7451501B2 - バイオマス由来炭素を含む電池電極組成物 - Google Patents
バイオマス由来炭素を含む電池電極組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7451501B2 JP7451501B2 JP2021513880A JP2021513880A JP7451501B2 JP 7451501 B2 JP7451501 B2 JP 7451501B2 JP 2021513880 A JP2021513880 A JP 2021513880A JP 2021513880 A JP2021513880 A JP 2021513880A JP 7451501 B2 JP7451501 B2 JP 7451501B2
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075620 somatostatin analogue Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetralithium oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- GINSRDSEEGBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thietane 1-oxide Chemical compound O=S1CCC1 GINSRDSEEGBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本特許出願は、2018年9月14日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/731771号、発明の名称「SUPERCAPACITOR AND BATTERY ELECTRODES COMPRISING BIOLOGICALLY DERIVABLE CARBON」の利益を主張し、それはその全体において参照によりここに明示的に取り込まれる。
図8は、種々の例示実施形態による、活物質及びバイオマス由来炭素を含む好適な複合材の形成に利用され得る例示の方法を示す。本例によると、まず、適切なサイズ、気孔率及び純度の適切なバイオマス由来炭素が、提供される(ブロック801)。そして、生成された適切な気孔率の炭素は、適切なメカニズムによって(例えば、溶液浸透、蒸気浸透、化学蒸着、溶融浸透などを用いることによって)活物質前駆体で浸透される(ブロック802)。そして、生成された複合材は第1の適切な(反応性又は不活性)気体又は液体環境において処理され(ブロック803)、その後に(一部の設計では任意で)適切な組成の活物質を達成するように第2の適切な(反応性又は不活性)気体又は液体環境において処理される(ブロック804)。第1の処理(ブロック803)は、前駆体材料の分解又は前駆体材料の酸化/変換を誘導し得る。第2の処理(ブロック804)は、活物質の所望の組成を達成するように粒子の更なる変換又は結晶化を誘導し得る。したがって、生成された複合材は(例えば、活物質粒子のサイズを増加させる、活物質の結晶化を誘導する、又は望ましくない副生成物若しくは汚染物を除去するなどのために)その後に(選択的に)熱処理されてもよい(ブロック805)。そして、(例えば、ナノ粒子の形態の)活物質は適切な厚さ(例えば、約0.25~50nm)の保護表面層で(任意で)コーティングされてもよく(ブロック806)、複合粒子は(例えば、細孔及び活物質を封止するために)適切な特性のシェルに(任意で)内包されてもよい(ブロック807)。
Claims (23)
- エネルギー貯蔵デバイスセルにおける使用のための電極組成物であって、
複合粒子を含み、各複合粒子は、
バイオマス由来の炭素及びSi含有活物質を含み、
前記Si含有活物質は、400Kにおいて10-13torr未満の部分蒸気圧を示し、
前記電極組成物の面積容量負荷は、2mAh/cm2~16mAh/cm2の範囲であり、
前記Si含有活物質は、少なくとも一部が蒸着によって形成された炭素含有保護表面層で被覆され、
前記複合粒子が、平均Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)比表面積(SSA)を0.5m2/g~1000m2/gの範囲に示す、電極組成物。 - 前記複合粒子における前記バイオマス由来炭素に対する前記Si含有活物質の重量比は、1:3~9:1の範囲である、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記複合粒子の平均サイズは、600nm~20ミクロンの範囲である、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記複合粒子の平均サイズは、1nm~60nmの範囲である、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記バイオマス由来炭素は、(i)ナッツの殻、(ii)実の核、(iii)木材、(iv)竹、(v)芝、藁若しくは乾燥した葉、(vi)コーン粒、(vii)プラタナスの綿毛、(viii)天然の炭水化物、又は(ix)それらの任意の組合せ、の1以上に由来する、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記バイオマス由来炭素は多孔性である、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記バイオマス由来炭素は、400m2/g~5000m2/gの範囲の平均BET比表面積を示し、0.4cm3/g~6cm3/gの範囲の細孔体積を示す、請求項6に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記バイオマス由来炭素における少なくとも一部の細孔が物理的活性化、化学的活性化又はその組合せによって生成された、請求項6に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記複合粒子における前記Si含有活物質の50重量%~100重量%が、前記バイオマス由来炭素に画定される細孔内に閉じ込められた、請求項6に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記バイオマス由来炭素は、1重量%未満のアッシュ含有量を含む、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記複合粒子は、合成ポリマー又は炭化水素ガスに由来する炭素を追加的に含む、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記複合粒子は、金属又は半金属をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記複合粒子は、金属酸化物若しくは半金属酸化物、金属フッ化物若しくは半金属フッ化物、又はその組合せを含む、請求項12に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記複合粒子は、2体積%~75体積%の範囲の合計細孔体積を有して多孔性である、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記複合粒子が、インターカレーション型又は疑似容量型のものである別の活物質を含み、
前記電極組成物が前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイスセルの一部となる一方で、前記複合粒子内の20体積%~100体積%の細孔が相互接続されて電解質に到達可能なままとなるように構成された、請求項14に記載の電極組成物。 - 前記複合粒子が示す前記平均BET比表面積は、10m2/g~1000m2/gの範囲である、請求項15に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記電極組成物が前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイスセルの一部となる一方で、前記複合粒子内の50体積%~100体積%の細孔が封止されて電解質に到達不可なままとなるように構成された、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイスセルは、固体電解質を備える、請求項17に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイスセルは、Naイオン電池、Na金属電池、Liイオン電池又はLi金属電池である、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記電極組成物の1以上の追加成分が、蒸着を介して前記電極組成物の一部となる、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
- 前記電極組成物の1以上の成分が水熱処理された、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の電極組成物を含む電極を製造する方法であって、
放電状態において前記電極組成物から前記電極を組み立てる工程を含む、方法。 - 前記複合粒子が、活物質として、前記Si含有活物質、インターカレーション型活物質、又は、原子番号22,23,25,26,27,28,29,30,32,49,50,51および82の元素群から選択される変換型活物質のみを含有する、請求項1に記載の電極組成物。
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