JP7450733B2 - パイプ及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
パイプ及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 173
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 139
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 122
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 122
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 55
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 47
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 46
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001119 inconels 625 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
- F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
- F16L58/04—Coatings characterised by the materials used
- F16L58/08—Coatings characterised by the materials used by metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/067—Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/137—Spraying in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/14—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying for coating elongate material
- C23C4/16—Wires; Tubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Description
上記合金はFeを含み、
Cr、Mo及びCoからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つ以上である第1成分と、B、C、Si及びNbからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つ以上である第2成分とを含むパイプであり、
ここで、上記合金の熱膨張係数が上記中空管体の熱膨張係数の1.0倍~1.4倍であることが好ましく、
上記中空管体は、鉄(Fe)を含む素材からなることが好ましい。
上記第1成分を30~140重量部含み、上記第2成分を4~20重量部含むことが好ましく、
上記第2成分は、B、C、Si及びNbからなる群から選択される少なくとも2つ以上であることが好ましく、
上記合金は、W、Y、Mn、Al、Zr、Ni、Sc及びPからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つ以上であることが好ましく、
上記第3成分は、上記Fe100重量部に対して、1.125重量部未満含まれることが好ましい。
Cr、Mo及びCoからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つ以上である第1成分と、
B、C、Si及びNbからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つ以上である第2成分と、Feとを含む組成の合金粉末を製造する合金粉末製造段階、及び
上記合金粉末を中空管体の外面に溶射して非晶質相を有するコーティング層を形成するコーティング層の形成段階、を含むパイプの製造方法であって、
上記コーティング層の形成段階は、上記中空管体の表面に、直接、上記合金粉末を溶射して中空管体及び上記コーティング層を結合させる段階であることが好ましく、
上記コーティング層は、非晶質相の割合が90~100体積(vol)%であることが好ましい。
上記コーティング層の熱膨張係数が、上記中空管体の熱膨張係数の1.0倍~1.4倍であることが好ましい。
(式1)
0.9≦b/a≦1
実施例1~実施例8:鉄系非晶質合金粉末を用いたコーティング体の製造
下記表1のような成分及び重量比(weight ratio)組成で、窒素ガス雰囲気下のアトマイザ内に供給した後、溶融状態でアトマイズさせ、下記表1に記載した冷却速度で冷却することで、実施例1~実施例8の鉄系非晶質合金粉末を製造した。
[条件]Gun type:Hybrid、エアキャップ:2701、LPG流量(LPG Flow)160SCFH、LPG圧(LPG Pressure)90PSI、酸素流量(Oxygen flow)550SCFH、酸素圧(Oxygen Pressure)150PSI、気流量(Air flow)900SCFH、気流圧(Air Pressure)100PSI、窒素流量(Nitrogen flow)28SCFH、窒素圧(Nitrogen Pressure)150PSI、Gun speed:100m/min、Gun pitch:3.0mm、フィーダー速度(Feeder rate)45g/min、Stand-off distance:250mm
比較例1~比較例7:鉄系合金粉末を用いたコーティング体の製造
下記表2のような成分及び重量比の組成で、窒素ガス雰囲気下のアトマイザ内に供給した後、溶融状態でアトマイズさせ、表2に示した冷却速度で冷却することで、比較例1~比較例7の鉄系合金粉末を製造した。
耐腐食性に優れ、様々な用途で活用される常用の合金コーティング層として、比較例8(Inconel 625)、比較例9(Hastelloy C276)のコーティング層を製造した。用いられた合金の組成データは下記表3のとおりである。
実験例1:合金粉末を用いた溶射コーティング層の硬度、気孔率評価
実施例3、4、6、7及び8と比較例1~4の溶射コーティング層についてHVS-10デジタル低負荷ビッカース硬度試験機(HVS-10 digital low load Vickers Hardness Tester Machine)を用いて、コーティング層の試験片の断面に対する微小硬度(Micro-hardness)試験を行い、試験片の断面について光学顕微鏡(Leica DM4 M)を用いて観察して気孔率を測定し、その結果を下記表4に示した。
実施例1、3、4、5、6で製造された鉄系非晶質合金粉末コーティング層の試験片についての、非晶質XRD(X線回折; X-Ray Diffraction)グラフを図1に示した。図1は、本発明に係るコーティング層の試験片についてのXRDグラフであって、(a)~(e)は、それぞれ、実施例1、3、4、5、6の鉄系非晶質合金粉末を適用したコーティング層の実施例についての試験片のXRDグラフである。
実施例6~8及び比較例1~3の非晶質合金コーティング層についての試験片の熱膨張係数を測定し、母材の熱膨張係数との割合の値を計算して下記表5に示した。
図3は、本発明に係る実施例2、5、7の鉄系非晶質合金粉末を用いた溶射コーティング層についての試験片の非腐食/腐食された断面を、光学顕微鏡を用いて観察したイメージであり、(a)~(c)はそれぞれ実施例2、5、7の試験片の観察イメージであり、図4は、比較例5、6、7の合金粉末を用いた溶射コーティング層についての試験片の非腐食/腐食された断面を、光学顕微鏡を用いて観察したイメージであって、(a)~(c)は、それぞれ比較例5、6、7の試験片についての観察イメージである。
実施例5、7及び8のコーティング層の試験片と、比較例8(Inconel 625)のコーティング層、比較例9(Hastelloy C276)のコーティング層を、バイオマス発電所の環境と類似した条件で腐食させ、腐食によって減るコーティング層の厚さである減肉厚さ(mm)を測定して、各コーティング層の高温耐腐食性を測定し、減肉厚さ(mm)を腐食時間(hr)で割って腐食速度(nm/hr)を計算し、下記表6に示した。
Claims (15)
- 内側と外側とに、互いに異なる温度を有する流体が通る中空管体;及び
前記中空管体の外面に備えられ、非晶質相を含む合金を有するコーティング層;を含み、
前記合金はFeを含み、
Cr及びMoからなる第1成分、及び、C、Si及びNbからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つ以上の元素とBとを含む第2成分を含み、
前記Fe100重量部に対して、
前記第1成分を30~140重量部含み、前記Moを18.0重量部以下で含み、前記第2成分を4~20重量部含む、パイプ。 - Cr含有量がMo含有量よりも大きい、請求項1に記載のパイプ。
- Cr含有量は、Mo含有量の3倍以上である、請求項2に記載のパイプ。
- 前記合金の熱膨張係数が、前記中空管体の熱膨張係数の1.0倍~1.4倍である、請求項1に記載のパイプ。
- 前記中空管体は、鉄(Fe)を含む素材からなる、請求項4に記載のパイプ。
- 前記合金は、W、Y、Mn、Al、Zr、Ni、Sc及びPからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つ以上である第3成分を含む、請求項1に記載のパイプ。
- 前記第3成分は、前記Fe100重量部に対して、1.125重量部未満含まれる、請求項6に記載のパイプ。
- 前記コーティング層の厚さが100μm~600μmである、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のパイプ。
- 前記コーティング層は、コーティング密度(coating density)が98~99.9%である、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のパイプ。
- 前記コーティング層のビッカース硬度は700~1,200Hvである、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のパイプ。
- Cr及びMoからなる第1成分と、
C、Si及びNbからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つ以上の元素とBとを含む第2成分と、Feとを含む組成の合金粉末を製造する、合金粉末の製造段階、及び
前記合金粉末を中空管体の外面に溶射して、非晶質相を有するコーティング層を形成するコーティング層の形成段階、を含み、
前記Fe100重量部に対して、
前記第1成分を30~140重量部含み、前記Moを18.0重量部以下で含み、前記第2成分を4~20重量部含む、パイプの製造方法。 - 前記コーティング層の形成段階は、前記中空管体の表面に、直接、前記合金粉末を溶射して中空管体と前記コーティング層とを結合させる段階である、請求項11に記載のパイプの製造方法。
- 前記コーティング層は、非晶質相の割合が90~100vol%である、請求項12に記載のパイプの製造方法。
- 前記コーティング層の形成段階の後に前記コーティング層の表面を処理するコーティング層の表面処理段階をさらに含む、請求項13に記載のパイプの製造方法。
- 前記コーティング層の熱膨張係数が前記中空管体の熱膨張係数の1.0倍~1.4倍である、請求項11に記載のパイプの製造方法。
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