JP7424673B2 - メッキ物及びそれを形成する方法 - Google Patents
メッキ物及びそれを形成する方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7424673B2 JP7424673B2 JP2022161528A JP2022161528A JP7424673B2 JP 7424673 B2 JP7424673 B2 JP 7424673B2 JP 2022161528 A JP2022161528 A JP 2022161528A JP 2022161528 A JP2022161528 A JP 2022161528A JP 7424673 B2 JP7424673 B2 JP 7424673B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- substrate
- electrically conductive
- conductive layer
- graphene oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 121
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical group [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 53
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 43
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 25
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 229910002666 PdCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003380 quartz crystal microbalance Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021205 NaH2PO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RRIWRJBSCGCBID-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RRIWRJBSCGCBID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002065 inelastic X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- KOUDKOMXLMXFKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxido(oxo)phosphanium hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[O-][PH+]=O KOUDKOMXLMXFKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001156002 Anthonomus pomorum Species 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- JXIYGIIFGDBDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.[Na].C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(=O)O Chemical compound O.O.[Na].C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(=O)O JXIYGIIFGDBDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002494 quartz crystal microgravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- -1 sodium hydrophosphite monohydrate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010129 solution processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1851—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material
- C23C18/1872—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/1886—Multistep pretreatment
- C23C18/1893—Multistep pretreatment with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/50—Silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/2006—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30
- C23C18/2046—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30 by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/2073—Multistep pretreatment
- C23C18/2086—Multistep pretreatment with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
- C23C18/30—Activating or accelerating or sensitising with palladium or other noble metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
- C23C18/40—Coating with copper using reducing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/42—Coating with noble metals
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Description
様々な実施形態の文脈において、数値に適用される用語「約」又は「おおよそ」は、その正確な数値及び妥当な変動を含む。
図1は、様々な実施形態によってメッキ物を形成する方法を示す模式図である。本方法は、102において、基板の表面上に電気伝導性層を形成することを含んでもよい。本方法は、104において、電気伝導性層上に触媒を付与することも含んでもよい。本方法はさらに、106において、触媒を無電解メッキ浴液に接触させて基板の上に金属層を形成し、それによってメッキ物を形成することを含んでもよい。
本文脈において、「基板」は、メッキされていない任意の物を指してもよい。基板は、任意の適切な形状及びサイズであってもよい。
様々な実施形態において、電気伝導性材料は還元型酸化グラフェン(RGO)であってもよい。電気伝導性層(還元型酸化グラフェンを含む)を形成することは、酸化グラフェン(GO)を含む混合物中に基板をディッピング又は浸漬することを含んでもよい。本方法は、さらに、酸化グラフェンが還元されて還元型酸化グラフェンを形成するように、酸化グラフェンが付着した基板をヒドロ亜リン酸ナトリウム一水和物(NaH2PO4・H2O)、アスコルビン酸又はヒドラジンなどの還元剤中にディッピング又は浸漬することを含んでもよい。
様々な実施形態において、電気伝導性層又は基板に対する触媒の密度又は充填量は、1平方センチメートルあたり1マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満であってもよく、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.5マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.1マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.05マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.04マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満であってもよい。言い換えれば、電気伝導性層上又は基板上への触媒の充填量は、1平方センチメートルあたり1マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満であってもよく、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.5マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.1マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.05マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.04マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満であってもよい。
様々な実施形態において、付与される触媒の質量に対する、形成される金属層の質量の比は、30を超えてもよく、又は40を超えてもよく、又は45を超えてもよい。様々な実施形態において、付与される触媒の質量に対する、形成される金属層の質量の比は、47.5であってもよい。
図2は、様々な実施形態によるメッキ物200を示す模式図である。メッキ物200は基板202を含んでもよい。メッキ物200は、基板202上に又はそれに対して電気伝導性層204も含んでもよい。メッキ物200は、さらに、電気伝導性層204上に又はそれに接触して触媒206を含んでもよい。メッキ物200は、さらに、基板202の上に金属層208を含んでもよい。
疑義を避けるために、メッキ物200は任意の形状及びサイズであってもよい。図2は平面状の基板202を示しているが、様々な他の実施形態において、基板202が任意の他の形状であってもよいことも想定されてもよい。例えば、基板202は球形であってもよく、又は湾曲していてもよい。
様々な実施形態において、電気伝導性層又は基板に対する触媒の密度又は充填量は、1平方センチメートルあたり1マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満であってもよく、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.5マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.1マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.05マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.04マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満であってもよい。言い換えれば、電気伝導性層上又は基板上への触媒の充填量は、1平方センチメートルあたり1マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満であってもよく、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.5マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.1マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.05マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満、例えば1平方センチメートルあたり0.04マイクログラム(μg/cm2)未満であってもよい。
様々な実施形態において、電気伝導性層204は導電性炭素材料(すなわち電気伝導性炭素材料)又は導電性ポリマー(すなわち電気伝導性ポリマー)を含んでもよい。導電性炭素材料は、還元型酸化グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ及び炭素粉末からなる群から選択されるいずれか1つであってもよい。言い換えれば、電気伝導性層は、還元型酸化グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ、炭素粉末及び導電性ポリマーからなる群から選択される電気伝導性材料のいずれか1つを含んでもよい。電気伝導性層は、還元型酸化グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ及び/又は導電性ポリマーなどの導電性炭素材料を含んでもよい。
様々な実施形態において、金属層208は金属又は金属合金を含んでもよい。金属層208は、ニッケル、コバルト、銅、金、銀、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム及びスズからなる(元素の)群から選択される1つ以上の元素を含んでもよい。金属層208は連続層であってもよく、又は連続層を形成してもよい。
図5Aは、様々な実施形態による、Na2H2PO4処理の前後の酸化グラフェン(GO:graphene oxide)のX線回折(XRD:X‐ray diffraction)パターンを示す、角度2θ(度又は°)の関数としての強度(任意単位又はa.u.)のプロットである。
還元後に26.22°に幅広いピークが出現し、これは、通常のグラフェン又はRGOの典型的なXRDプロファイルで見られるように、0.3nmの層間隔に関連する典型的なグラファイトの(001)反射に起因してもよい。純粋なグラフェン(26.5°)と比較して、NaH2PO2処理GOにおいて観察されるより低いピーク(26.22°)は、NaH2PO2の分解によって放出されたリンがRGO構造体に組み込まれ、グラフェン格子の拡張をもたらしたことを含意してもよい。
装置
還元型酸化グラフェン(RGO)及びPdナノ粒子の微細構造は、走査透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用い、200kVで操作して観察した。酸化グラフェン(GO)及びRGOのグラファイト状構造体は、X線回折装置(パナリティカル(PANalytical)、Empyrean)及びラマン分光装置(stellar‐Pro ML150レーザー、レニショー(Renishaw) 633nm HeNeレーザー及びライカ(Leica)DM2500顕微鏡)によって特徴付けた。析出されたPdナノ粒子の量(Pd充填量)は、誘導結合プラズマ質量分析計(ICP‐MS:inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer)を用いて測定した。Ni析出は、基本周波数8.9MHzで鏡面仕上げのSiO2被覆Au共振器(セイコーイージーアンドジー(Seiko Eg&G)、QA‐A9M SiO2‐S(M))を用い、水晶振動子マイクロバランス(QCM:quartz crystal microbalance:)(セイコーイージーアンドジー(Seiko Eg&G)、QCM922A)によってモニターした。
酸化グラフェン(GO)溶液(水分散液、2mg/ml)、次亜リン酸ナトリウム一水和物(NaH2PO2・H2О)、塩化パラジウム(II)(PdCl2)、クエン酸ナトリウム二水和物(HOC(COONa)(CH2COONa)2・2H2О)、ホウ酸(H3BO3)及び硫酸ニッケル(II)六水和物(NiSО42・6H2О)はシグマ
アルドリッチ(Sigma‐Aldrich)から購入した。GO溶液は、脱イオン(DI:deionised)水で0.2mg/mlに希釈した。
SiO2被覆ATカット水晶振動子基板をエタノールで洗浄し、空気乾燥させた。洗浄して乾燥させた基板をGO希釈溶液(0.2mg/ml)中に1分間ディッピングした。次いで、その基板に空気を吹き付けて乾燥させ、それに付着する過剰な溶液を除去した。次いで、それをNaH2PO2溶液(0.2M)中に1分間ディッピングし、GOのRGOへの還元をもたらした。前記のシーケンスを5回繰り返した。
RGO被覆基板をPdCl2(1%塩酸(HCl)で1.5mM又は30μΜ)中に10sディッピングし、次いで、順にNaH2PO2(0.2M)中に10sディッピングした。各ステップ後に基板に空気を吹き付けた。この段階的Pd触媒充填プロセスを2回繰り返した。次いで、基板をDI水で洗浄した。
RGOで被覆してPdナノ粒子を析出したQCM基板を、無電解Ni析出の前に、Dip Cell(セイコーイージーアンドジー(Seiko Eg&G)、QA‐CL3)に組み付けた。組み付けられたユニットを、試験の前に、水性条件下でPdナノ粒子の活性を維持するためにNaH2PO2中に浸漬した。無電解Ni析出のためのNi浴液は、0.2Mクエン酸ナトリウム、0.5Mホウ酸、15g/L硫酸ニッケル(II)六水和物及び25g/L次亜リン酸ナトリウム一水和物を含んでいた。Ni浴液のpHは、NaOHによって9.0に調整した。QCM測定中、無電解析出中の周波数変化を検出するために、組み付けたDip Cell(石英基板を含む)を無電解Ni浴液に浸漬し、その無電解Ni浴液の温度を60℃に維持した。加えて、ブランク試料として、石英基板を2サイクルのPd(30μΜ PdCl2溶液中)で処理し、次いで、それを、その浴液が硫酸ニッケル(II)六水和物を含まないこと以外は組成、pH及び温度が無電解Ni浴液のものと同じ他の浴液中にディッピングした。
質量活性=mNi/mPd (1)
Pd充填量(mPd)は、ICP‐MSによって測定した。
石英基板上に析出されたRGOは、XRD及びラマン分光法のためには厚さが十分ではないので、NaH2PO2(0.2M)によるGO(2mg/ml)還元を、分散液に懸濁した十分な量のRGO混合物ゲルを得るために1:9の比で混合してから試験した。遠心分離及び濾過によって分散液から混合物ゲルを分離した。続いて、グラファイト状構造体を特徴付けるために、XRD及びラマン分光法のために混合物ゲルをドライボックス中で乾燥させた。同じ量のGO(2mg/mL)も、同様にガラススライス上にディッピングし、ドライボックスに入れてGO粉末を得た。
Claims (9)
- メッキ物の製造方法において、
基板の表面上に電気伝導性層を形成する工程であって、前記基板が電気非導電性であり、前記電気伝導性層が導電性ポリマー、又は、導電性炭素材料であってグラフェン、還元型酸化グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ及び炭素粉末からなる群から選択される導電性炭素材料を含んでなる、工程と、
前記電気伝導性層上にパラジウム又は銀である触媒を付与する工程と、
前記触媒と無電解メッキ浴液とを接触させて前記基板の上に金属層を形成し、それによって前記メッキ物を形成する工程とを備え、
前記電気伝導性層に対する前記触媒の密度が、1平方センチメートルあたり0.1マイクログラム未満であり、
前記電気伝導性層上に前記触媒を付与する工程が、触媒前駆体が前記電気伝導性層に付着するように、前記触媒前駆体を含む触媒溶液中に前記基板、前記基板の前記表面上の前記電気伝導性層をディッピング又は浸漬する工程からなり、
前記触媒溶液が1リットルあたり30マイクロモルの前記触媒前駆体を含む、方法。 - 前記電気伝導性層に対する前記触媒の密度が、1平方センチメートルあたり0.05マイクログラム未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記導電性炭素材料が還元型酸化グラフェンであり、
前記電気伝導性層を形成することが、
酸化グラフェンを含む混合物中に前記基板をディッピングする工程と、
前記酸化グラフェンが還元されて還元型酸化グラフェンを形成するように、酸化グラフェンが付着した前記基板を還元剤中にディッピングする工程と、を備える、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。 - 前記電気伝導性層上に前記触媒を付与する工程が、前記触媒前駆体が還元されて前記触媒を形成するように、還元剤中に前記基板、前記基板の前記表面上の前記電気伝導性層及び、前記電気伝導性層に付着した前記触媒前駆体をディッピング又は浸漬する工程からなる、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記無電解メッキ浴液が金属前駆体及び還元剤を含有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒を前記無電解メッキ浴液に接触させる工程が、前記無電解メッキ浴液中に前記基板、前記基板の前記表面上の前記電気伝導性層、前記電気伝導性層上の前記触媒をディッピング又は浸漬する工程からなる、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記無電解メッキ浴液の温度が、25℃~100℃の範囲から選択されるいずれか1つの値である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記金属層が金属又は金属合金を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属層が、ニッケル、コバルト、銅、金、銀、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム及びスズからなる群から選択される1つ以上の元素を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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US20200040459A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
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