JP7374817B2 - ドライブシャフト及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ドライブシャフト及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7374817B2 JP7374817B2 JP2020038702A JP2020038702A JP7374817B2 JP 7374817 B2 JP7374817 B2 JP 7374817B2 JP 2020038702 A JP2020038702 A JP 2020038702A JP 2020038702 A JP2020038702 A JP 2020038702A JP 7374817 B2 JP7374817 B2 JP 7374817B2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910000954 Medium-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001035 Soft ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/0018—Shaft assemblies for gearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
- F16C3/023—Shafts; Axles made of several parts, e.g. by welding
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- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
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- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
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- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
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- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
- F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
- F16D1/064—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end non-disconnectable
- F16D1/068—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end non-disconnectable involving gluing, welding or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
- B21K1/063—Making machine elements axles or shafts hollow
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/003—Cementite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
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- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/10—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- F16C2220/00—Shaping
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- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
- F16C2326/06—Drive shafts
Description
14…中実スタブシャフト 16…第1環状壁
18…第2環状壁 18a…端部
20…摩擦圧接部 22a…第1内壁面
24a…第2内壁面 26…バリ
28…第1湾曲部 30…第2湾曲部
32…バリ底部 34…直交部
40…谷底部 I…仮想中心線
L、L1…バリ傾斜部長さ r、r1…つなぎアール
R、R1…根本アール θ、θ1…バリ底角度
Claims (9)
- 中炭素鋼からなる中空管体の端部に環状に設けられた第1環状壁と、中炭素鋼からなる中実スタブシャフトの端部に環状に設けられた第2環状壁とが摩擦圧接部を介して軸方向に接合されたドライブシャフトであって、
前記第1環状壁及び前記第2環状壁のそれぞれは、外径が30~50mmであり且つ壁厚が3~5mmであり、
前記摩擦圧接部には、前記第1環状壁の内壁面である第1内壁面、及び前記第2環状壁の内壁面である第2内壁面からそれぞれ立ち上がるバリが形成され、
前記バリは、前記第1内壁面からの立ち上がり基端であるバリ底部と、前記第1内壁面の直交方向に沿う直交部とを有し、
前記バリ底部の曲率半径であるつなぎアールrは0.5mm以上であり、
前記バリの前記バリ底部と前記直交部との間の部分の最小曲率半径である根本アールRは0.5mm以上であり、
前記第1内壁面に対する前記バリ底部の傾斜角度であるバリ底角度θが40°以下であり、
前記バリ底部と前記直交部との間の部分の前記軸方向に沿う長さであるバリ傾斜部長さLが0.2~5mmである、ドライブシャフト。 - 請求項1記載のドライブシャフトにおいて、
前記つなぎアールrは3mm以下であり、
前記根本アールRは2.5mm以下である、ドライブシャフト。 - 請求項1又は2記載のドライブシャフトにおいて、
前記バリは、前記第1内壁面から立ち上がって、前記軸方向の前記第2内壁面と反対側に向かって湾曲する第1湾曲部と、前記第2内壁面から立ち上がって、前記軸方向の前記第1内壁面と反対側に向かって湾曲する第2湾曲部とを有し、
前記第1湾曲部と前記第2湾曲部との間に形成される谷底部を、前記第1環状壁及び前記第2環状壁の径方向に沿って通る仮想線を仮想中心線とするとき、
前記摩擦圧接部では、前記第2環状壁の前記軸方向の端部が、前記仮想中心線から前記第1環状壁側に1~30μm入り込んでいる、ドライブシャフト。 - 請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のドライブシャフトにおいて、
前記摩擦圧接部では、前記第2環状壁の金属組織中の結晶粒界に、NbC、Mo2C、TiCの少なくとも何れかが析出している、ドライブシャフト。 - 請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載のドライブシャフトにおいて、
前記中実スタブシャフトの素材である中炭素鋼は、重量割合で、C:0.45~0.51%、Si:0.20%以下、Mn:0.30~0.50%、P:0.010%以下、S:0.008~0.020%、Cu:0.1%以下、Ni:0.1%以下、Cr:0.1~0.2%、Mo:0.05~0.25%、Nb:0.03~0.08%、Ti:0.01~0.05%(ただし、Mo、Nb、Tiは少なくとも何れか1つ)、Al:0.02~0.04%、B:10~30ppmを含み、残部がFe及び不可避不純物であり、粒度番号が#9~#11である、ドライブシャフト。 - 請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載のドライブシャフトにおいて、
前記中空管体の素材である中炭素鋼は、重量割合で、C:0.43~0.47%、Si:0.30%以下、Mn:0.60~0.90%、P:0.010%以下、S:0.020%以下、Cu:0.1%以下、Ni:0.1%以下、Cr:0.05%以下、Al:0.02~0.04%を含み、残部がFe及び不可避不純物であり、粒度番号が#5~#9である、ドライブシャフト。 - 中炭素鋼からなる中空管体の端部に環状に設けられた第1環状壁と、中炭素鋼からなる中実スタブシャフトの端部に環状に設けられた第2環状壁とを摩擦圧接部を介して軸方向に接合してドライブシャフトを得るドライブシャフトの製造方法であって、
前記中実スタブシャフトを冷間鍛造で得る鍛造工程と、
外径が30~50mmであり且つ壁厚が3~5mmである前記第1環状壁及び前記第2環状壁を摩擦圧接する摩擦圧接工程と、を有し、
前記摩擦圧接工程では、前記第1環状壁の内壁面である第1内壁面、及び前記第2環状壁の内壁面である第2内壁面からそれぞれ立ち上がるバリが、前記第1内壁面からの立ち上がり基端であるバリ底部と、前記第1内壁面の直交方向に沿う直交部とを有し、前記バリ底部の曲率半径であるつなぎアールrが0.5mm以上となり、前記バリの前記バリ底部と前記直交部との間の部分の最小曲率半径である根本アールRが0.5mm以上となり、前記第1内壁面に対する前記バリ底部の傾斜角度であるバリ底角度θが40°以下となり、前記バリ底部と前記直交部との間の部分の前記軸方向に沿う長さであるバリ傾斜部長さLが0.2~5mmとなる前記摩擦圧接部を形成する、ドライブシャフトの製造方法。 - 請求項7記載のドライブシャフトの製造方法において、
前記摩擦圧接工程では、前記つなぎアールrが3mm以下となり、前記根本アールRが2.5mm以下となる前記摩擦圧接部を形成する、ドライブシャフトの製造方法。 - 請求項7又は8記載のドライブシャフトの製造方法において、
前記摩擦圧接工程の後、
保持温度650~720℃、保持時間30~90分の条件下でドライブシャフトに対して焼鈍を施す焼鈍工程と、
焼鈍後のドライブシャフトに対して焼入れを施す焼入れ工程と、
を有し、
前記中実スタブシャフトの金属組織中の結晶粒界に、NbC、Mo2C、TiCとして析出させる、ドライブシャフトの製造方法。
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