JP7350162B2 - プラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物、塗料、プラスチック製品および使用 - Google Patents
プラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物、塗料、プラスチック製品および使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7350162B2 JP7350162B2 JP2022519714A JP2022519714A JP7350162B2 JP 7350162 B2 JP7350162 B2 JP 7350162B2 JP 2022519714 A JP2022519714 A JP 2022519714A JP 2022519714 A JP2022519714 A JP 2022519714A JP 7350162 B2 JP7350162 B2 JP 7350162B2
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Description
ポリヒドロキシ樹脂(A)は、ポリエステル樹脂(A1)、アクリル樹脂(A2)およびフェノール樹脂(A3)から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、2種以上の混合物であってもよい。
本発明のエポキシ化合物は、脂環式エポキシ化合物および脂肪族エポキシ化合物であることが好ましい。
オキセタニル基とエポキシ基との両方を含む場合は、エポキシ基のみを含み、オキセタニル基を含まない組成物と比較して、組成物の硬化を促進させることができる。同時に、オキセタニル基の存在により、この組成物から作られる塗装膜の柔軟性が向上し、その後の加工時にプラスチック製品にクラックや破損が生じにくくなる。
R1は水素原子、1~6個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基(メチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチルなど)または6~18個の炭素原子を有するアリール基(フェニルやナフチル、フリルまたはチエニルなど)から選ばれ、R2は水素原子、エポキシ基、1~6個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基(メチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチルなど)、6~18個の炭素原子を有するアリール基(フェニル、ナフチル、アントラセニルなど)、7~18個の炭素原子を有する置換または非置換アラルキル基(ベンジル、フルオロベンジル、メトキシベンジル、フェネチル、スチリル、シンナミルまたはエトキシベンジルなど)または他の芳香環を有する基(フェノキシメチルまたはフェノキシエチルなどのアリールオキシアルキル基など)から選ばれる。
R3は、1~20個の炭素原子を有する直鎖または分岐のアルキレン基(エチレン、プロピレン、ブチレンなど)、1~120個の炭素原子を有する直鎖または分岐のポリ(アルキレンオキシ)(ポリ(エチレンオキシ)またはポリ(プロピレンオキシ)など)、直鎖または分岐の不飽和炭化水素基(1,3-プロピレン、メチル1,3-プロピレンまたはブチレン)から選ばれる。
カチオン開始剤は、紫外線や電子線などの活性エネルギー線の照射によりカチオンやルイス酸を生成し、エポキシ化合物やオキセタニル基含有化合物などのカチオン硬化性成分の重合を開始させることができる化合物である。
カチオン硬化組成物の総合性能をさらに向上させるために、上記カチオン硬化組成物は、助剤(E)をさらに含み、助剤(E)は、増感剤、着色材料、難燃剤、レベリング剤、硬化促進剤、光/熱酸発生剤、接着促進剤、紫外線吸収剤、凝集防止剤、増粘剤、核剤、カップリング剤、充填剤、可塑剤、耐衝撃性改良剤、潤滑剤、抗菌剤、離型剤、熱安定剤、抗酸化剤、光安定剤、相溶化剤、安定剤、隔離剤、帯電防止剤、消泡剤、難燃剤からなる群の1種または複種が含まれるが、これらに限定されるものではない。より好ましくは、重量部で、上記カチオン硬化組成物は、(0~40)重量部の助剤(E)、より好ましくは(1~10)重量部の助剤(E)を含む。
本発明の他の一態様によれば、上記カチオン硬化組成物を含む塗料を提供する。
カチオン硬化組成物をプラスチック基材に塗布した後、光線照射を行い、皮膜を形成する。
本発明に提供されるカチオン硬化組成物は、プラスチック基材への塗布に適用される。本発明で使用されるプラスチック基材は、特定の制限なしに、当分野における従来のプラスチック基材であってもよい。好ましい実施例では、本発明に記載のプラスチック基材には、ポリスチレン(PS)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)、ポリウレタン(PUR)、ガラス繊維強化不飽和ポリエステル、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、ポリフェニレンサルファイド(PPS)、ポリオキシメチレン(POM)、ポリフェニレンオキシド(PPO)、ポリウレア、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレンコポリマー(ABS)、ナイロン、エチレン-プロピレン-ジエンコポリマー(EPDM)で変性されたポリプロピレンなどが含まれるが、上記のプラスチック混合物のプラスチック基材であってもよい。必要に応じて、上記プラスチック基材は、脱脂、洗浄等の公知の方法により前処理を行うことができる。
本発明のさらなる一態様によれば、プラスチック基材と、上記プラスチック基材の少なくとも一部の領域に塗布される塗層とを含むプラスチック製品であって、塗層は、上記プラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物を硬化させることによって形成されるプラスチック製品を提供する。カチオン硬化組成物は、従来の方法でプラスチック基材に塗布することができ、従来の方法は、刷毛塗り、ローラーコーティング、浸漬、注入、噴霧などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。プラスチック基材の全面を塗布してもよいし、一部のみを塗布してもよい。塗布の膜厚は用途に応じて適宜選択することができ、通常、乾燥塗膜の膜厚は約2~20ミクロン、より好ましくは2~8ミクロンである。
実施例および比較例で使用した成分は以下の通りである。
ポリエステル樹脂(A1-1):PCL210、ヒドロキシル価:109~119mgKOH/g(日本ダイセル株式会社);
ポリエステル樹脂(A1-2):CapaTM、ヒドロキシル価:294~328mgKOH/g(Perstorp);
ポリエステルアクリル樹脂(A2-1):RA35.2、ヒドロキシル価:95~105mgKOH/g(唯盛ケミカル);
アクリル樹脂(A2-2):SETAQUA(R)6522、ヒドロキシル価:79mgKOH/gである(Allnex樹脂);
フェノール樹脂(A3-1):F51、エポキシ値:0.51(ヒドロキシル価:約150mgKOH/g)(常州向陽新材有限公司);
フェノール樹脂(A3-2):E44、エポキシ値:0.44(ヒドロキシル価:約210mgKOH/g)(三木6101)。
D1:トリフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(常州強力PAG20002s);
D2:ジフェニルヨードニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモネート(常州強力PAG30202);
E1:増感剤PSS306(常州強力);
E2:レベリング剤BYK307(ドイツBYK);
E3:消泡剤BYK055(ドイツBYK);
室温で、黄色灯下で、表1および表2に示す配合による各成分を予備混合した後、ミキサーを用いて1500~2000rpmで30分間高速分散して均一に混合し、ストレーナーでろ過して無色のカチオン硬化組成物を製造した。
顔料分散体の製造:
室温下で、表4に示す配合による各成分を予備混合した後、ミキサーを用いて800~1000rpmで1h撹拌し、顔料分散体のD90(Omec社のTopSizerレーザー粒子サイズ分析計で測定する)が、1.50μm以下になるまで2000~3000rpmで撹拌し、顔料分散体-1、分散体-2、分散体-3および分散体-4を製造した。
室温で、黄色灯下で、表5に示す配合による各成分を予備混合した後、ミキサーを用いて1500~2000rpmで30分間高速分散して均一に混合し、ストレーナーでろ過して有色のカチオン硬化組成物を製造した。
表1~2および表5に示すカチオン硬化組成物を皮膜形成した後、性能評価測定を行った。
基板としてPETとPPを使用し、アセトンで拭いた後にコーティングを行い、塗層の厚さは25±5μmで、硬化完了後に特性を測定した。測定結果を表7と表8に示す。
(1)硬度試験:国家規格GB/T6739-86を参照して、硬度6B~6Hの製図用鉛筆を用意し、手動で塗装膜の鉛筆硬度を測定する。テーブルの上に塗膜板を水平に置き、鉛筆を45°の角度で持ち、塗膜面を1cm程度、均等な速度で強く押し、塗膜に傷をつける。同じ硬度記号の鉛筆で5本のストロークを繰り返し、2本のストローク以上でサンプルプレートの下地に傷がつかない場合は、塗膜にストロークが2本以上確認するまで、鉛筆を一つの記号で硬いものに交換する。該鉛筆の硬度よりも一つ小さい記号は、塗膜の鉛筆硬度である。
総揮発性物質%=処理された揮発性物質%+潜在的な揮発性物質%
ここで、AはPETフィルムの重量(g)であり、Bは塗膜とPETフィルムの重量(g)であり、
実施例1~12および比較例3~5を比較すると、本発明によって提供されるカチオン硬化組成物の使用は、それから形成される塗層の総合性能を大幅に向上させるに寄与することが分かる。実施例1~12および比較例1~2を比較すると、ヒドロキシル基と、3元環エポキシ基と、4元環エポキシ基とのモル比を本発明の好ましい範囲内に限定することによって、それから形成される塗層の総合性能を向上させるに寄与することが分かる。実施例13~18および比較例6~8を比較すると、本発明によって提供されるカチオン硬化組成物の使用は、それから形成される塗層の総合性能を大幅に向上させるに寄与することが分かる。
Claims (16)
- プラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物であって、
ポリヒドロキシ樹脂(A)と、エポキシ化合物(B)と、オキセタニル基含有化合物(C)と、カチオン開始剤(D)とを含み、
ポリヒドロキシ樹脂(A)は、ポリエステル樹脂(A1)、アクリル樹脂(A2)および/またはフェノール樹脂(A3)であり、前記カチオン硬化組成物におけるヒドロキシル基と、3元環エポキシ基と、4元環エポキシ基とのモル比は、1:(3~20):(1~25)であり、前記エポキシ化合物(B)は、脂環式エポキシ化合物および/または脂肪族エポキシ化合物から選ばれ、前記エポキシ化合物(B)におけるエポキシ構造は、3元環エポキシ基であることを特徴とするプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物。 - 前記プラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物において、ヒドロキシル基と、3元環エポキシ基と、4元環エポキシ基とのモル比は、1:(3~10):(1~15)であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物。
- 前記プラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物は、重量部で、(5~40)重量部の前記ポリヒドロキシ樹脂(A)と、(10~65)重量部の前記エポキシ化合物(B)と、(10~70)重量部の前記オキセタニル基含有化合物(C)と、(0.5~10)重量部の前記カチオン開始剤(D)とを含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物。
- 前記プラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物は、重量部で、(5~30)重量部の前記ポリヒドロキシ樹脂(A)と、(15~50)重量部の前記エポキシ化合物(B)と、(20~60)重量部の前記オキセタニル基含有化合物(C)と、(2~5)重量部の前記カチオン開始剤(D)とを含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物。
- 前記ポリエステル樹脂(A1)は、ヒドロキシル価が50~500mgKOH/gであり、数平均分子量が200~12000であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物。
- 前記ポリエステル樹脂(A1)は、ヒドロキシル価が80~350mgKOH/gであり、数平均分子量が300~5000であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物。
- 前記アクリル樹脂(A2)は、ヒドロキシル価が15~200mgKOH/gであり、ガラス転移温度が10~150℃であり、数平均分子量が500~20000であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物。
- 前記アクリル樹脂(A2)は、ヒドロキシル価が50~150mgKOH/gであり、ガラス転移温度が20~100℃であり、数平均分子量が1000~8000であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物。
- 前記フェノール樹脂(A3)は、ヒドロキシル価が50~300mgKOH/gであり、数平均分子量が300~15000であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物。
- 前記フェノール樹脂(A3)は、ヒドロキシル価が100~250mgKOH/gであり、数平均分子量が500~8000であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物。
- 前記脂環式エポキシ化合物のエポキシ当量は、80~500であり、
前記脂肪族エポキシ化合物のエポキシ当量は、80~500であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物。 - 重量部で、(0~40)重量部の助剤(E)をさらに含み、
前記助剤(E)は、増感剤、着色材料、難燃剤、レベリング剤、硬化促進剤、光/熱酸発生剤、接着促進剤、紫外線吸収剤、凝集防止剤、増粘剤、核剤、カップリング剤、充填剤、可塑剤、耐衝撃性改良剤、潤滑剤、抗菌剤、離型剤、熱安定剤、抗酸化剤、光安定剤、相溶化剤、着色剤、安定剤、隔離剤、帯電防止剤、消泡剤、難燃剤からなる群から選ばれる1種または複種であることを特徴とする請求項5~10のいずれか1項に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物。 - (1~10)重量部の助剤(E)を含むことを特徴とする請求項12に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物を含むことを特徴とする塗料。
- プラスチック基材と、前記プラスチック基材の少なくとも一部の領域に塗布される塗層とを含むプラスチック製品であって、前記塗層は、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物を硬化させることによって形成されることを特徴とするプラスチック製品。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載のプラスチック基材用カチオン硬化組成物のエネルギー硬化分野における使用。
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