JP7303865B2 - 植物性タンパク質を含む多孔質細胞支持体およびそれを用いて製造された培養肉 - Google Patents
植物性タンパク質を含む多孔質細胞支持体およびそれを用いて製造された培養肉 Download PDFInfo
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Description
別の目的は、前記多孔質細胞支持体を製造する方法を提供することである。
もう一つの目的は、前記多孔質細胞支持体を含む培養肉を提供することである。
もう一つの目的は、前記多孔質細胞支持体を用いて培養肉を製造する方法を提供することにある。
もう一つの目的は、前記培養肉を含む食用製品を提供することである。
前記多孔質細胞支持体は凝固剤をさらに含むことができる。
前記多孔質細胞支持体は、植物由来タンパク質分離物、ポロゲンおよび乳化剤を溶剤に加えて攪拌した後、凝固剤を添加して得られたものであってもよい。
(a)80kPa~150kPa の圧縮強度
(b)40gf~70gfの引張強度、18kPA~32kPAの降伏強度、および10%~20%の降伏伸び
(c)0.4kgf~1.0kgfのかたさ、0.7~0.9の凝集性、0.8~1.2の弾力性、0.4~0.6の粘着性、0.3~0.7の咀嚼性の物性。
(d)40%~80%の開放空隙率
(e)40%~80%の総空隙率
(o)80%~99.9%の細孔相互接続率。
前記多孔質細胞支持体内に細胞が分注することができる。
前記多孔質細胞支持体の使用は、三次元細胞培養を含むことができる。
前記多孔質細胞支持体に関する内容は上記の通りである。
別の態様は、前記培養肉を含む食用製品(edible product)を提供する。
前記多孔質細胞支持体および培養肉に関する内容は、上記の通りである。
植物由来タンパク質分離物を含む多孔質細胞支持体を以下のように製造した。
粉末状の分離大豆タンパク質(isolated soy protein;ISP)10gと寒天(agar)2gを、食用グリセリン(glycerin;0409、ES食品原料)10mlに入れ、10分間60rpmでスチーム攪拌(スチームミキサーD-201、Daeduck Machinery)装置で混合して混合物を製造した。次に、滅菌した三次蒸留水30mlを混合物に添加し、高速攪拌機(MaXtir(登録商標) 500S、DAIHAN-brand(登録商標))を使用して5000rpmで10分間撹拌した。その後、希望の形状に成形するために前記混合物をキャスティングモールド(100mm×100mm×2mm)に移動させた後、―80℃で1時間凍結して凍結試料を作製した。凍結した試料の全面にベーキングソーダを十分に塗布して室温で4時間吸着させ、60℃で4時間乾燥させた。乾燥した試料を滅菌した三次蒸留水1Lに加えた後、グルコノデルタラクトン(E575、JUNGBUNZLAUER S.A)2gを加え、80℃で2時間凝固させた。その後、凝固させた試料を常温で100%エタノールと滅菌された3次蒸留水でそれぞれ5回洗浄し、3次蒸留水1Lに担持して2回高圧滅菌処理し、タンパク質以外の不純物を除去して植物性タンパク質成分の多孔質細胞支持体を製造した。前記製造した多孔質細胞支持体の写真を図1に示す。
実施例2.1多孔質細胞支持体の形態的特性分析
実施例1で製造した細胞支持体の形態的特性を、SKYSCAN1272 ex-vivo micro-CT(Bruker microCT、Belgium)を用いて以下の条件で測定した。
- X-ray source:40kV、200uA、No-filter、rotation step 0.15°;
- Resolution:1 um pixel resolution;
- 0.1% IKI(iodine-potassium iodide)で一晩染色した。
- Structure thickness(構造物の厚さ):細孔間の平均間隔を意味する。
- Structure separation(構造物分離):細孔の平均サイズを意味する。
- Open porosity(開放空隙率): 支持体全体の体積に対して、外部と接続されている細孔が占める割合を意味する。
- Total porosity(全空隙率): 支持体全体の体積に対して細孔が占める割合を意味する。
- Pore interconnectivity(細孔相互接続率):全細孔のうち外部と接続された細孔の割合を意味する。
実施例1で製造した細胞支持体の物性を分析するために、材料物性測定器であるTXA(登録商標)物性測定器(Texture Analyzer;株式会社ヨンジンエステック)を用いて、以下のように圧縮強度測定、引張強度測定及びTexture profile analysis(TPA)を行った。
- 弾性波速度:外部の力によって変形を起こした物体が、力が除去された時、元の形状に戻ろうとする速度を意味する。
- 最大応力(stress): 物体が破壊されず耐えられる最大の圧縮応力を意味し、圧縮強度ともいう。
- 降伏荷重(Yield Load): 物体が切れる直前の力を意味し、引張強度ともいう。
- 物体に外部の力を加えて両側に引っ張ると物体の長さは伸びるが、ある程度の力までは外部の力が除去されると元の大きさに戻るが、一定以上の力を加える場合は元の状態に戻らず、長さがさらに伸びるようになるが、元の状態に戻ることができる時の最大の力を降伏応力(Yield Stress)または降伏強度(Yield Strength)という。
- 降伏伸び(Yield Elongation):ほぼ一定の応力状態で、変形が増加し、次に平滑に応力が増加し始めるまでの物体の長さ変化を、元の物体の長さに対する百分率で表したことを意味する。
- Hardness(かたさ): 希望の変形に達するのに必要な力を意味する。
- Adhesiveness(接着性):物体がprobeから分離するのに必要な力を意味する。
- Cohesiveness(凝集性):物体があるままの形態を維持しようとする力を意味し、Adhesiveness(接着性)より大きい場合、Probeに資料が付かない。
- Springiness(弾力性): Elasticityとも呼ばれ、圧縮によって変形された資料が、力が除去された後に元の状態に戻ろうとする性質を意味する。
- Gumminess(粘着性):半固体状態の資料を、飲み込むことができる状態になるまで分解するのに必要な力を意味する。
- Chewiness(咀嚼性):固体状態の資料を、飲み込むことができる状態にするために必要なエネルギーを意味する。
- Brittleness(脆性):圧縮によって壊れたり割れたりする性質を意味し、最初の圧縮で最大の力に達する前に登場する中間ピークで、資料によってはこの性質が現れない場合もある。
- Resilience(弾性復元性):サンプルが元の高さを回復しようという性質を意味する。
既知の細胞支持体(凹型マイクロウェル、多孔質足場、無孔質マイクロビーズ、多孔質マイクロビーズ)と実施例1で製造した多孔質細胞支持体の特性を比較した結果は、下記表6に記載の通りである。既知の細胞支持体の特性については、先行文献[Materials Science&Engineering C 103(2019)109782]を参照した。既知の細胞支持体の形態を図5~図8に示す。
一実施形態による多孔質細胞支持体を用いて細胞を三次元培養した。
具体的には、培養皿に実施例1で製造した直径10mm、厚さ2mmの大きさの多孔質細胞支持体を載せた後、10%Mesenchymal stem cell growth medium2(Promocell C-28009、C-39809)培養培地を入れ、脂肪由来幹細胞株(ATCC PCS-500-011)5.0×105個を分注した後、15日間培養して細胞を増殖および組織化した。
実施例1で製造した多孔質細胞支持体を用いて培養肉を製造した。具体的には、図10に示すように、バイオリアクター内に牛の筋細胞、鶏の筋細胞及び豚の筋細胞それぞれを実施例1で製造した細胞支持体と共に投入して一括して細胞を培養した。その結果を図11に示す。
培養皿に25mm×25mm×2mmの大きさの実施例1で製造した多孔質細胞支持体、Bovine#1細胞((株)ブノン縮産で当日屠殺した36ヶ月齢の韓牛雌牛(枝肉重量:339kg、2等級)のランプ(rump)の筋肉部位150gから一次筋細胞(primary skeletal muscle cells)を抽出した)1.7×106個および10%DMEM、2%DMEM(DMEM biowest L0103-500、FBS biowest S1480-500)培養培地を入れ、振とう培養器で24時間培養した。培養の結果、2~3%の残存細胞を除いては、全ての細胞が多孔質細胞支持体に分注されたことを確認した。
25mm×25mm×2mmの大きさの実施例1で製造した多孔質細胞支持体に、10%DMEM培養培地を入れ、Chicken Cardiomyocyte#1細胞(孵化9~11日目の一般採卵鶏(layer chicken)の有精卵から embryonic bodyを取り出し、心臓から抽出した一次心筋細胞(primary cardiomyocyte))5.0×105個を分注した後、7日間培養して細胞を増殖させた。7日後、培養培地を2%DMEM交換し、7日間培養して心筋細胞に分化させた。培養後14日目に、live & dead assayを行い、結果を図16に示す。図16に示すように、全体的に細胞がうまく培養され、培養肉が生成されていることを確認した。
25mm×25mm×2mmの大きさの実施例1で製造した多孔質細胞支持体に、10%DMEM、2%DMEM(DMEM biowest L0103-500、FBS biowest S1480-500)培養培地を入れ、Bovine#1細胞1.0×106個およびChicken#1細胞2.0×106個をそれぞれ分注した後、4週間培養した。
これにより、実施例1で製造した多孔質細胞支持体を用いると、当該培養肉の特性に合った味と風味が出ることが分かった。
Claims (15)
- 植物由来タンパク質分離物(plant derived protein isolates)、ポロゲン(porogen)、乳化剤を含む多孔質細胞支持体であって、前記植物由来タンパク質分離物は、豆、大豆、緑豆、インゲンマメ、エンドウ、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される一つ以上から分離されたタンパク質であり、前記多孔質細胞支持体の細孔サイズは50~400μmであり、細孔相互接続率は80%~99.9%であることを特徴とする多孔質細胞支持体。
- 凝固剤をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多孔質細胞支持体。
- 前記植物由来タンパク質分離物、ポロゲンおよび乳化剤を溶剤に加えて攪拌した後、凝固剤を添加して得られたものを特徴とする請求項1に記載の多孔質細胞支持体。
- (a)80kPa~150kPaの圧縮強度、
(b)40gf~70gfの引張強度、18kPA~32kPAの降伏強度、および10%~20%の降伏伸び、
および
(c)0.4kgf~1.0kgfのかたさ、0.6~1.0の凝集性、0.8~1.2の弾力性、0.3~0.7の粘着性、0.3~0.7の咀嚼性の物性
から選択される一つ以上の特性を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多孔質細胞支持体。 - (d)40%~80%の開放空隙、
(e)40%~80%の総空隙率、
から選択される一つ以上の特性を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多孔質細胞支持体。 - 前記ポロゲンは、寒天、塩、塩化カルシウム、炭酸ナトリウム、パラフィン、ポリエチレングリコール、ゼラチン、スクロースおよびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される一つ以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多孔質細胞支持体。
- 前記乳化剤または溶剤は、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、モノグリセリド、ジグリセリド、レシチン、大豆リン脂質およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される一つ以上あることを特徴とする、請求項1又は請求項3に記載の多孔質細胞支持体。
- 前記凝固剤は、グルコノデルタラクトン、塩化カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、塩化マグネシウムおよびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される一つ以上であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の多孔質細胞支持体。
- 前記多孔質細胞支持体内に細胞が分注されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多孔質細胞支持体。
- 培養肉の製造のためのものであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多孔質細胞支持体。
- 植物由来タンパク質分離物、ポロゲンおよび乳化剤を溶剤に添加し、撹拌して撹拌混合物を製造するステップと、
前記撹拌混合物に凝固剤を添加して細胞支持体を形成するステップとを含む、請求項1に記載の多孔質細胞支持体の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の多孔質細胞支持体と、前記多孔質細胞支持体内に分注された細胞とを含む、培養肉。
- 請求項1に記載の多孔質細胞支持体に細胞を分注し、三次元培養して、三次元細胞集合体を形成するステップを含む培養肉製造方法。
- 前記細胞は、幹細胞、筋細胞、脂肪細胞およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される一つであることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の培養肉製造方法。
- 請求項12に記載の培養肉を含む食用製品(edible product)。
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