JP7252379B2 - Cs1標的化キメラ抗原受容体修飾t細胞 - Google Patents
Cs1標的化キメラ抗原受容体修飾t細胞 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、発明の名称が「多発性骨髄腫を治療するためのセントラルメモリー由来CS1キメラ抗原受容体修飾T細胞の使用」である2014年12月5日に出願された米国非仮出願第62/088,423号の利益を主張し、その全体が本明細書に援用される。
CS1は、正常な形質細胞及びMM細胞上で高度にかつ選択的に発現されるシグナル伝達リンパ球活性化分子(signaling lymphocyte activation molecule,SLAM)受容体ファミリーの細胞表面糖タンパク質であり、NK細胞上の発現が低く、かつ、正常組織上でほとんど又は全く発現しない。エロツズマブ(Elotuzumabc)(HuLuc63)は、再発したMM患者のボルテゾミブと共に投与されたヒト化CS1モノクローナル抗体で、患者の48%で≧PRを生じる。MM細胞上でのCS1の高発現は、正常組織における形質細胞へのその制限と相まって、CS1をCAR T細胞療法の合理的な標的とする(非特許文献1)。
CS1 scFv(例えば、
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFDFSRYWMSWVRQAPGKGLEWIGEINPDSSTINYAPSLKDKFIISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARPDGNYWYFDVWGQGTLVTVSSGSTSGGGSGGGSGGGGSSDIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVGIAVAWYQQKPGKVPKLLIYWASTRHTGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDVATYYCQQYSSYPYTFGQGTKVEIK;配列番号1)又は1~5(例えば、1又は2)のアミノ酸が修飾(例えば、置換)された変異体;CD4膜貫通ドメイン又は1~5(例えば、1又は2)のアミノ酸が修飾(例えば、置換)された変異体、CD8膜貫通ドメイン又は1~5(例えば、1又は2)のアミノ酸が修飾(例えば、置換)された変異体、CD28膜貫通ドメイン又は1~5(例えば、1又は2)のアミノ酸が修飾(例えば、置換)された変異体、及びCD3ζ膜貫通ドメイン又は1~5(例えば、1又は2)のアミノ酸が修飾(例えば、置換)された変異体、から選択される膜貫通ドメイン;
共刺激ドメイン(例えば、CD28共刺激ドメイン又は1~5(例えば、1又は2)のアミノ酸が修飾(例えば、置換)された変異体);又は、4-1BB共刺激ドメイン又は1~5(例えば、1又は2)のアミノ酸が修飾(例えば、置換)された変異体;又は、CD28共刺激ドメイン又は1~5(例えば、1又は2)のアミノ酸が修飾(例えば、置換)された変異体、及び4-1BB共刺激ドメイン又は1~5(例えば、1又は2)のアミノ酸が修飾(例えば、置換)された変異体の両方;並びに、CD3ζシグナル伝達ドメイン又は1~5(例えば、1又は2)のアミノ酸が修飾(例えば、置換)された変異体;を含む。
以下に、アミノ酸の様々な群分けを例示する:
1)非極性R基を有するアミノ酸:
アラニン、バリン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、プロリン、フェニルアラニン、トリプトファン、メチオニン;
2)非荷電極性R基を有するアミノ酸:グリシン、セリン、トレオニン、システイン、チロシン、アスパラギン、グルタミン;
3)荷電極性R基を有するアミノ酸(pH6.0で負に荷電):アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸;
4)塩基性アミノ酸(pH6.0で正に荷電):リジン、アルギニン、ヒスチジン(pH 6.0で正に荷電)。
他の群はフェニル基をもつアミノ酸:
フェニルアラニン、トリプトファン、チロシンであってよい。
CS1 ScFvドメインは、CS1に結合するいかなるScFvでありうる。ある場合、CS1 ScFvドメインは、配列番号1と少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも98%が同一である、又は同一である配列を含む。ある場合、CS1 scFvは、配列番号1と比較して1,2,3,4若しくは5個のアミノ酸が変化(好ましくは、保存的アミノ酸変化)する。ScFvはヒト化ScFvでありうる。
本明細書に記載のCARは、CS1標的ドメイン(すなわち、CS1 ScFv又はその変異体)と膜貫通ドメインとの間に位置するスペーサー領域を含むことができる。様々な異なるスペーサーを用いることができる。それらのいくつかは、ヒトFc領域の少なくとも部分、例えば、ヒトFc領域のヒンジ部分、若しくはCH3ドメイン又はその変異体を含む。
以下の表1は、本明細書に記載されるCARにおいて用いることができる様々なスペーサーを提供する。
C220S、C226S、S228P、C229S、P230S、E233P、V234A、L234V、L234F、L234A、L235A、L235E、G236A、G237A、P238S、S239D、F243L、P247I、S267E、H268Q、S280H、K290S、K290E、K290N、R292P、N297A、N297Q、S298A、S298G、S298D、S298V、T299A、Y300L、V305I、V309L、E318A、K326A、K326W、K326E、L328F、A330L、A330S、A331S、P331S、I332E、E333A、E333S、E333S、K334A、A339D、A339Q、P396L、又はそれらの組み合わせ;
の1以上を含むが、それらに限定されない、IgG1、IgG2、IgG3又はIgG4に由来する。
220S、226S、228P、229S、230S、233P、234A、234V、234F、234A、235A、235E、236A、237A、238S、239D、243L、247I、267E、268Q、280H、290S、290E、290N、292P、297A、297Q、298A、298G、298D、298V、299A、300L、305I、309L、318A、326A、326W、326E、328F、330L、330S、331S、331S、332E、333A、333S、333S、334A、339D、339Q、396L、又はそれらの組み合わせ;
のうちの1つ以上を含むが、それらに限定されないIgG4に由来する。ここで、修飾されていないヒンジにおけるアミノ酸は、示された位置で上記の同定されたアミノ酸で置換される。一例では、当該配列は、以下のアミノ酸変化S228P、L235E、及びN297Qを含む。
GQPREPQVYTLPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSLGK(配列番号12)を含むことができる。したがって、リンカー/スペーサー領域全体は、以下の配列:
ESKYGPPCPPCPGGGSSGGGSGGQPREPQVYTLPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSLGK(配列番号11)
を含むことができる。ある場合、スペーサーは、配列番号11と比較して1,2,3,4又は5個の単一のアミノ酸が変化(好ましくは、保存的アミノ酸変化)する。ある場合、IgG4 Fcヒンジ/リンカー領域は、2つの位置(L235E;N297Q)で変異し、Fc受容体(FcR)による結合を低下させる。
本明細書中では、様々な膜貫通ドメインを用いることができる。表2は、適当な膜貫通ドメインの例を含む。スペーサー領域が存在する場合、膜貫通領域はスペーサー領域のカルボキシ末端に位置する。
共刺激ドメインは、CD3ζシグナル伝達ドメインとして用いるのに適するいかなるドメインであってよい。ある場合、共シグナル伝達ドメインは、RSKRSRGGHSDYMNMTPRRPGPTRKHYQPYAPPRDFAAYRS(配列番号23;LLからGGへのアミノ酸変化に二重下線)に対して、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも98%が同一である、又は同一である配列を含むCD28共刺激ドメインである。ある場合、CD28共シグナル伝達(co-signaling)ドメインは、配列番号23と比べて1、2、3、4若しくは5個のアミノ酸が変化する(好ましくは保存的であり、かつ、好ましくは下線を引かれたGG配列は変化しない)。ある場合、共シグナル伝達ドメインは、
KRGRKKLLYIFKQPFMRPVQTTQEEDGCSCRFPEEEEGGCEL(配列番号24)に対して、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも98%が同一である、又は同一である配列を含む4-1BB共シグナル伝達ドメインである。ある場合、4-1BB共シグナル伝達ドメインは、配列番号24と比較して1,2,3,4若しくは5個のアミノ酸が変化(好ましくは、保存的アミノ酸変化)する。
CD3ζシグナル伝達ドメインは、CD3ζシグナル伝達ドメインとして用いるのに適するいかなるドメインでありうる。ある場合、CD3ζシグナル伝達ドメインは、
RVKFSRSADAPAYQQGQNQLYNELNLGRREEYDVLDKRRGRDPEMGGKPRRKNPQEGLYNELQKDKMAEAYSEIGMKGERRRGKGHDGLYQGLSTATKDTYDALHMQALPPR(配列番号21)に対して、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも98%が同一である、又は同一である配列を含む。ある場合、CD3ζシグナル伝達(signaling)は、配列番号21と比較して1,2,3,4若しくは5個のアミノ酸が変化(好ましくは、保存的アミノ酸変化)する。
CD3ζシグナル伝達ドメインの後方には、リボソームスキップ配列(例えば、LEGGGEGRGSLLTCGDVEENPGPR;配列番号27)、及び以下の配列:
LVTSLLLCELPHPAFLLIPRKVCNGIGIGEFKDSLSINATNIKHFKNCTSISGDLHILPVAFRGDSFTHTPPLDPQELDILKTVKEITGFLLIQAWPENRTDLHAFENLEIIRGRTKQHGQFSLAVVSLNITSLGLRSLKEISDGDVIISGNKNLCYANTINWKKLFGTSGQKTKIISNRGENSCKATGQVCHALCSPEGCWGPEPRDCVSCRNVSRGRECVDKCNLLEGEPREFVENSECIQCHPECLPQAMNITCTGRGPDNCIQCAHYIDGPHCVKTCPAGVMGENNTLVWKYADAGHVCHLCHPNCTYGCTGPGLEGCPTNGPKIPSIATGMVGALLLLLVVALGIGLFM(配列番号28)に対して、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも98%が同一である、又は同一である配列を備える切断型EGFRが続いてよい。ある場合、切断型EGFRは、配列番号28と比較して1,2,3,4若しくは5個のアミノ酸が変化(好ましくは、保存的アミノ酸変化)する。
CS1 CARは、図2、図6、図7、図8、図9若しくは図10に示されたアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも98%が同一である、又は同一である配列を含むことができる(配列番号29~46;GMCSFRaシグナル配列の含有型又は欠損型のいずれかであり、かつ、T2Aリボソームスキップ配列及び切断型EGFRtの含有型又は欠損型のいずれかである)。
pHIV7プラスミドは、CS1 CARを発現する臨床ベクターを誘導することができる親プラスミドである。CARの発現に用いたepHIV7ベクターは、pHIV7ベクターから産生された(Wang et al.2011 Blood 118:1255)。重要なことに、このベクターは、ヒトEF1プロモーターを用いてCARの発現を駆動する。ベクターの5’及び3’配列はともに、以前にHXBc2プロウイルスから得られたpv653RSNに由来した。ポリプリントラクトDNAフラップ配列(cPPT)は、NIH AIDS Reagent RepositoryのHIV-1株pNL4-3由来であった。
1)pCgpはウイルスベクター構築に必要なgag/polタンパク質をコードする。;
2)pCMV-Rev2は、RRE配列に作用して、ウイルスゲノムの輸送に寄与し、効率的なパッケージングを行うRevタンパク質をコードする。;及び
3)pCMV-Gは、ウイルスベクターの感染性に必要な水疱性口内炎ウイルス(vesiculo-stomatitis virus,VSV)の糖タンパク質をコードする。
pCgpヘルパープラスミドのgag/pol配列中に位置する約600ヌクレオチドのパッケージングシグナル領域;
3種全てのヘルパープラスミド中のCMVプロモーター配列;及び
ヘルパープラスミドpCgp中のRRE配列;
があげられる。多数の組換え事象が必要であるため、これらの領域の相同性により、複製能が備わった組換えウイルスが生成される可能性は非常に低い。さらに、得られたいかなる組換え体にも、レンチウイルス複製に必要な機能的LTR及びtat配列が欠失しているであろう。
各プラスミド(CS1 CAR_epHIV7;pCgp;pCMV-G;及びpCMV-Rev2)について、シードバンクを生成し、これを用いて発酵槽に接種し、十分な量のプラスミドDNAを産生させる。プラスミドDNAを、レンチウイルスベクターの産生に用いる前に、その同一性、無菌性及びエンドトキシンを試験する。
Tリンパ球を、白血球交換法によって患者から獲得し、適当な同種異系又は自己T細胞サブセット、例えばセントラルメモリーT細胞(Tcm)を、CARを発現するように遺伝的に修飾し、いかなる臨床上許容される手段により投与して患者に戻すことで、抗がん治療を達成することができる。
CS1scFv-IgG4(HL-CH3)-CD28tm-CD28gg-Zeta-T2A-EGFRtの完全アミノ酸配列を図2に示す。完全配列(配列番号29)には、以下の:22個のアミノ酸のGMCSFシグナルペプチド(配列番号26)、CS1 scFv配列(配列番号1);IgG4ヒンジ配列(配列番号3;アミノ酸の置換S~Pを斜線で示す);10個のアミノ酸のリンカー(配列番号2);IgG4 CH3配列(配列番号12);28個のアミノ酸のCD28膜貫通ドメイン配列(配列番号14);CD28gg共刺激ドメイン配列(配列番号23;LLからGGへのアミノ酸の変化を強調表示する);3個のアミノ酸のGlyリンカー;112個のアミノ酸のCD3ζ配列(配列番号21);24個のアミノ酸のT2Aスキップ配列(配列番号27);及びEGFRt配列(配列番号28);が含まれる。
図2に示すCARを発現する増殖したCS1 CAR T細胞の細胞傷害性を、51Cr標識MM細胞(MM.1S)との共培養から4時間経過後に51Cr放出アッセイを用いて評価した。図3に示すように、組換えCS1 CAR T細胞は、MM細胞に対して特異的かつ効率的な殺傷活性を示す一方で、非形質導入のモック(mock)T細胞は、MM細胞に対して細胞毒性を示さない。MM細胞と共培養した場合、図4に示すように、107a脱顆粒及びIFNガンマによって、組換えCS1 CAR Tcm介在性の強力エフェクター機能を示した。MM腫瘍があるNSGマウスに養子移入すると、CS1特異的T細胞は、図5に示すように効率的な抗腫瘍活性を呈した。
Claims (21)
- 配列番号29、30、31、32、33、34、38、39、及び40のいずれかの1つのアミノ酸配列を含む、キメラ抗原受容体。
- 配列番号40のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 配列番号39のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 配列番号38のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 配列番号34のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 配列番号33のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 配列番号32のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 配列番号31のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 配列番号30のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 配列番号29のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- キメラ抗原受容体を発現するT細胞の集団であって、前記キメラ抗原受容体は、配列番号29、30、31、32、33、34、38、39、及び40のいずれかの1つのアミノ酸配列を含む、T細胞の集団。
- T細胞の少なくとも20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%又は80%がセントラルメモリーT細胞である、請求項11に記載のT細胞の集団。
- セントラルメモリーT細胞の少なくとも10%は、CD4+である、請求項12に記載のT細胞の集団。
- セントラルメモリーT細胞の少なくとも10%は、CD8+である、請求項12に記載のT細胞の集団。
- セントラルメモリーT細胞の少なくとも20%は、CD4+である、請求項12に記載のT細胞の集団。
- セントラルメモリーT細胞の少なくとも20%は、CD8+である、請求項12に記載のT細胞の集団。
- セントラルメモリーT細胞の少なくとも10%はCD4+であり、少なくとも10%はCD8+である、請求項12に記載のT細胞の集団。
- がんを治療するための、請求項11~17のいずれか1項に記載のT細胞の集団を含む、医薬組成物。
- T細胞がヒトT細胞であり、前記ヒトT細胞の集団が自己由来である、請求項18に記載の医薬組成物。
- T細胞がヒトT細胞であり、前記ヒトT細胞の集団が同種異系である、請求項18に記載の医薬組成物。
- がんが多発性骨髄腫である、請求項18~20のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
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