JP7170966B2 - 車両駆動装置 - Google Patents
車両駆動装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7170966B2 JP7170966B2 JP2018191504A JP2018191504A JP7170966B2 JP 7170966 B2 JP7170966 B2 JP 7170966B2 JP 2018191504 A JP2018191504 A JP 2018191504A JP 2018191504 A JP2018191504 A JP 2018191504A JP 7170966 B2 JP7170966 B2 JP 7170966B2
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- vehicle
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- drive motor
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H2003/0818—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts comprising means for power-shifting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
- F16H2061/0425—Bridging torque interruption
- F16H2061/0433—Bridging torque interruption by torque supply with an electric motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
- F16H2200/0052—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising six forward speeds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/68—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings
- F16H61/684—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
- Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
Description
このように構成された本発明によれば、アシストモータがインホイールモータであるため、発生した駆動力が直接車輪に伝達されるので、駆動力が途切れるタイミングで車両に瞬時に駆動力を付加することができる。このため、駆動力の途切れにより乗員に与えられる失速感を、より効果的に抑制することができる。
このように構成された本発明によれば、アシストモータの出力が変速されることなく、直接、副駆動輪が駆動されるので、アシストモータの回転出力を変速するための機構を設ける必要がなく、車両を軽量化することができる。
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態による車両駆動装置を搭載した車両のレイアウト図である。
なお、上記のように、本実施形態においてはトランスアクスル配置が採用されているため、これにより生じたフロアトンネル(プロペラシャフトトンネル)前方の空間に向けて、バッテリ18を収容する容積を拡大することができる。これにより、フロアトンネルの幅を大きくして乗員の中央側空間を狭めることなく、バッテリ18容量の確保、拡大が可能になる。
図2は、本発明の第1実施形態による車両駆動装置10の電源構成を示すブロック図である。図3は、本実施形態の車両駆動装置10において、キャパシタ22に電力が回生された場合における電圧の変化の一例を模式的に示す図である。図4は、本実施形態の車両駆動装置10において使用されている各モータの出力と車速の関係を示す図である。
図3に示すように、キャパシタ22の電圧は、バッテリ18によるベース電圧と、キャパシタ22自体の端子間電圧の合計となる。車両1の減速時等には、各副駆動モータ20により電力の回生が行われ、回生された電力はキャパシタ22に充電される。キャパシタ22への充電が行われると比較的急激に端子間電圧が上昇する。充電によりキャパシタ22の電圧が所定電圧以上に上昇すると、高圧DC/DCコンバータ26aによりキャパシタ22の電圧が降圧され、バッテリ18への充電が行われる。図3に示すように、このキャパシタ22からバッテリ18への充電は、キャパシタ22への充電よりも比較的緩やかに行われ、キャパシタ22の電圧は適正電圧まで比較的緩やかに低下される。
一方、主駆動モータ16によって回生された電力は、バッテリ18に直接充電される。
図5に示すように、副駆動モータ20は、ステータ28と、このステータの周囲で回転するロータ30から構成されたアウターロータタイプの誘導電動機である。
図6は、本発明の第1実施形態の車両駆動装置10に備えられている有段変速機であるトランスミッション15の作動原理を模式的に説明するための断面図である。なお、本実施形態においては、車両駆動装置10に採用されているトランスミッション15は6速の有段変速機であるが、ここでは簡単のため、或る低速ギヤからその上段の高速ギヤへの切り替え機構及び作用について例示的に説明する。また、低速側から高速側への変速は何れの段間においても同様の構成により実現することができる。
クラッチ・カム・リング52は円筒状の部材であり、メインシャフト36の外周に取り付けられ、メインシャフト36と一体となって回転するように構成されている。また、クラッチ・カム・リング52の外周面には、概ね軸方向に延びるV字状のカム溝52aが、円周方向に等間隔に複数設けられている。
クラッチ・カム・リング56は円筒状の部材であり、その外周面には、概ね軸方向に延びるV字状のカム溝56aが、円周方向に等間隔に複数設けられている。
トランスミッション15による変速は、制御装置24がアクチュエータ(図示せず)を制御して、シフトドラム(図示せず)を回転させ、各シフト・フォークを移動させることにより、自動的に行われる。また、制御装置24により設定されるギヤ段は、エンジン12の回転数や車両1の速度等に基づいて自動的に選択され(オートマチックモード)、或いは運転者の操作に基づいて選択される(マニュアルモード)。
図8は、トランスミッション15を高速側へ切り替えた(シフトアップした)場合における車両1の加速度を、横軸を時間[Sec]、縦軸を加速度[m/Sec2]として模式的に示したグラフである。同様に、図9及び図10は、トランスミッション15を低速側へ切り替えた(シフトダウンした)場合における車両1の加速度を、横軸を時間[Sec]、縦軸を加速度[m/Sec2]として模式的に示したグラフである。
さらに、図8の実線に示すように、本実施形態においては、トランスミッション15として、高速側への変速時には実質的に駆動力が途切れないシームレスシフト式の変速機が採用されているため、変速時における加速度の低下が抑制されている。即ち、本実施形態においては、変速時における加速度の落ち込み量が、変速前の加速度G1に対してα%以下に抑えられている。この変速時におけるα%程度の加速度の落ち込みは、スポーツ仕様の車両の性能として十分なものであり、乗員が「失速感」を感じることは殆どない。
ここで、本実施形態においては、トランスミッション15として、シームレスシフト式の変速機が採用されているが、低速側への変速(シフトダウン)時には駆動力の途切れが発生する。このため、本実施形態においては、低速側への変速時において、制御装置24は各副駆動モータ20に信号を送って駆動力を発生させ、駆動力の落ち込みを補完する。即ち、図9の実線に示すように、本実施形態においては、トランスミッション15による低速側への変速時において、副駆動モータ20に駆動力を発生させ、変速時における駆動力の途切れを補完して、加速度の落ち込みを防止している。このため、スポーツ仕様の車両として十分な性能が得られ、乗員が「失速感」を感じることはない。
ここで、本実施形態においては、トランスミッション15として、シームレスシフト式の変速機が採用されているが、低速側への変速(シフトダウン)時には所定時間エンジンブレーキが作用しなくなる。このため、本実施形態においては、車両1の減速時に低速側へ変速された場合には、制御装置24は各副駆動モータ20に信号を送って車両1の運動エネルギーの回生を行い、制動力を発生させる。即ち、図10の実線に示すように、本実施形態においては、減速中においてトランスミッション15が低速側へ切り替えられた場合には、副駆動モータ20により運動エネルギーを回生させ、変速時における制動力の途切れを補完して、加速度の上昇を防止している。このため、スポーツ仕様の車両として十分な性能が得られ、乗員が「空走感」を感じることはない。
図11は、本発明の第2実施形態による車両駆動装置を搭載した車両のレイアウト図である。
2a 後輪(主駆動輪)
2b 前輪(副駆動輪)
10 車両駆動装置
12 エンジン(内燃機関)
14 動力伝達機構
14a プロペラシャフト
14b クラッチ
15 トランスミッション(有段変速機)
16 主駆動モータ(主駆動電動機)
16a インバータ
18 バッテリ(蓄電器)
20 副駆動モータ(アシストモータ)
20a インバータ
22 キャパシタ
22a ブラケット
22b ハーネス
24 制御装置(モータ制御装置)
26a 高圧DC/DCコンバータ(電圧変換器)
26b 低圧DC/DCコンバータ
28 ステータ
28a ステータベース
28b ステータシャフト
28c ステータコイル
30 ロータ
30a ロータ本体
30b ロータコイル
32 電気絶縁液室
32a 電気絶縁液
34 ベアリング
36 メインシャフト
38 カウンターシャフト
40 低速側ギヤ
40a ギヤ
40b ギヤ
40c クラッチ歯
42 高速側ギヤ
42a ギヤ
42b ギヤ
42c クラッチ歯
44 噛合いクラッチ
46 噛合いクラッチ
48 シフト・フォーク
48a 凹部
50 シフト・フォーク
50a 凹部
52 クラッチ・カム・リング
52a カム溝
54 クラッチ・リング
54a カム突部
54b クラッチ歯
56 クラッチ・カム・リング
56a カム溝
58 クラッチ・リング
58a カム突部
58b クラッチ歯
100 車両
110 車両駆動装置
112 エンジン
115 トランスミッション(有段変速機)
116 主駆動モータ
116a インバータ
117a プロペラシャフト
117b カップリング
117c リヤディファレンシャルギヤ
118 バッテリ
120 副駆動モータ(アシストモータ)
120a インバータ
122 キャパシタ
122a ワイヤハーネス
124 制御装置(モータ制御装置)
126a 高圧DC/DCコンバータ
126b 低圧DC/DCコンバータ
Claims (6)
- 内燃機関を使用して車両を駆動する車両駆動装置であって、
上記車両の主駆動輪を駆動するための駆動力を発生する内燃機関と、
この内燃機関の出力軸に接続され、上記内燃機関の出力軸の回転数を変換して出力する有段変速機と、
副駆動輪に駆動力を作用させ、又は上記有段変速機を介することなく上記主駆動輪に駆動力を作用させるように設けられたアシストモータと、
このアシストモータが出力する駆動力を制御するモータ制御装置と、を有し、
上記有段変速機は、低速側への変速時には伝達する駆動力が途切れるが、高速側への変速時には実質的に駆動力が途切れないシームレスシフト式のトランスミッションであり、
上記モータ制御装置は、上記有段変速機による低速側への変速時において、上記アシストモータに駆動力を発生させ、変速時における駆動力の途切れを補完することを特徴とする車両駆動装置。 - さらに、上記車両の車体に設けられ、上記主駆動輪に対する駆動力を発生する主駆動モータを有し、上記モータ制御装置は、上記主駆動モータ及び上記アシストモータが発生する駆動力を使用して上記車両を走行させる電動機走行モードを実行可能に構成され、上記モータ制御装置は、上記電動機走行モードにおいて、所定車速以上で上記車両を加速させる場合にのみ上記アシストモータに駆動力を発生させる請求項1記載の車両駆動装置。
- 上記アシストモータは、上記主駆動輪又は上記副駆動輪に設けられたインホイールモータである請求項1又は2に記載の車両駆動装置。
- 上記アシストモータは、その出力が変速されることなく、直接、上記副駆動輪を駆動するように設けられている請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載の車両駆動装置。
- 上記モータ制御装置は、上記内燃機関が発生する駆動力によって上記車両を走行させる内燃機関走行モードを実行可能に構成され、上記モータ制御装置は、上記内燃機関走行モードにおいては、上記主駆動モータによる駆動力を発生させない請求項2乃至4の何れか1項に記載の車両駆動装置。
- さらに、上記内燃機関が発生した駆動力を伝達するための動力伝達機構を有し、上記内燃機関は上記車両の前部に配置され、上記内燃機関が発生した駆動力は上記動力伝達機構によって主駆動輪である後輪に伝達される請求項1乃至5の何れか1項に記載の車両駆動装置。
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EP19199249.4A EP3636958A1 (en) | 2018-10-10 | 2019-09-24 | Vehicle drive system |
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EP3636958A1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
US10946856B2 (en) | 2021-03-16 |
JP2020059379A (ja) | 2020-04-16 |
CN111016880B (zh) | 2023-09-05 |
US20200114901A1 (en) | 2020-04-16 |
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