JP7153432B2 - 電極、および蓄電装置 - Google Patents
電極、および蓄電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7153432B2 JP7153432B2 JP2017173930A JP2017173930A JP7153432B2 JP 7153432 B2 JP7153432 B2 JP 7153432B2 JP 2017173930 A JP2017173930 A JP 2017173930A JP 2017173930 A JP2017173930 A JP 2017173930A JP 7153432 B2 JP7153432 B2 JP 7153432B2
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- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
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- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004772 tellurides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
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- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
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Description
本発明の一態様の蓄電装置は、グラフェン化合物を有する層と、正極と、負極と、を有する。正極および負極はそれぞれ、活物質を有する。グラフェン化合物を有する層を蓄電装置内に設けることにより、例えば活物質より放出される金属を該層に捕獲することができる。また該層は、活物質の近傍に、例えばその一部が活物質と接するように、設けられることが好ましい。
図1(A)は本発明の一態様の電極の断面の一例を示す。電極210は、活物質層212と、活物質層212上の層213と、を有する。
次に、図3および図4を用いて、本発明の一態様の蓄電装置の動作について説明する。ここでは電極210が正極として機能し、活物質221が正極活物質である場合について説明する。
本発明の一態様の電極の作製方法について説明する。
活物質221の一例として、元素Mを有する正極活物質について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様のグラフェン化合物について説明する。
まず、グラフェンとグラフェン化合物について説明する。
次に、化学修飾されたグラフェン化合物について説明する。
次に、グラフェン又は酸化グラフェンに化学修飾を施し、化学修飾されたグラフェン化合物を製造する方法について、下記合成スキーム(A-1)及び合成スキーム(A-2)を用いて説明する。
次に、1つ以上のエステル基又はカルボキシル基を有する鎖状のケイ素化合物の例について以下に示す。これらのケイ素化合物を用いることで、1つ以上のエステル基又はカルボキシル基を有する鎖状の基により化学修飾されたグラフェン化合物を作製することができる。なお、化合物100乃至化合物149、及び化合物156乃至化合物161は、エステル基を有し、エステルに分類される。化合物150乃至化合物155は、カルボキシル基を有し、カルボン酸に分類される。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電極が有することが好ましい活物質、結着剤、導電助剤、および集電体について説明する。
電極が有する負極活物質として、例えば炭素系材料や合金系材料等を用いることができる。
電極が有する結着剤として、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)、スチレン・イソプレン・スチレンゴム、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、エチレン・プロピレン・ジエン共重合体などのジエン系のゴム材料を用いることが好ましい。また結着剤として、フッ素ゴムを用いることができる。
集電体101には、ステンレス、金、白金、アルミニウム、チタン等の金属、及びこれらの合金など、導電性が高い材料をもちいることができる。また集電体101を正極に用いる場合には、正極の電位で溶出しないことが好ましい。また集電体101を負極に用いる場合には、リチウム等のキャリアイオンと合金化しないことが好ましい。また、シリコン、チタン、ネオジム、スカンジウム、モリブデンなどの耐熱性を向上させる元素が添加されたアルミニウム合金を用いることができる。また、シリコンと反応してシリサイドを形成する金属元素で形成してもよい。シリコンと反応してシリサイドを形成する金属元素としては、ジルコニウム、チタン、ハフニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、コバルト、ニッケル等がある。集電体101は、箔状、板状(シート状)、網状、パンチングメタル状、エキスパンドメタル状等の形状を適宜用いることができる。集電体101は、厚みが5μm以上30μm以下のものを用いるとよい。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電極を適用することができる蓄電装置について説明する。
図7に、蓄電装置の一例として、薄型の蓄電池について示す。薄型の蓄電池は、可撓性を有する構成とすれば、可撓性を有する部位を少なくとも一部有する電子機器に実装すれば、電子機器の変形に合わせて蓄電池も曲げることもできる。
次に蓄電装置の一例として、コイン型の蓄電池の一例について、図14を参照して説明する。図14(A)はコイン型(単層偏平型)の蓄電池の外観図であり、図14(B)は、その断面図である。
次に蓄電装置の一例として、円筒型の蓄電池を示す。円筒型の蓄電池について、図15を参照して説明する。円筒型の蓄電池600は、図15(A)に示すように、上面に正極キャップ(電池蓋)601を有し、側面および底面に電池缶(外装缶)602を有している。これら正極キャップと電池缶(外装缶)602とは、ガスケット(絶縁パッキン)610によって絶縁されている。
図19および図20に、薄型の蓄電池の構成例を示す。図19(A)に示す捲回体993は、負極994と、正極995と、セパレータ996と、を有する。
また、蓄電システムの構造例について、図21乃至図23を用いて説明する。ここで蓄電システムとは、例えば、蓄電装置を搭載した機器を指す。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電極を適用することができる形態として、可撓性を有する蓄電池を電子機器に実装する例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、蓄電装置を搭載することのできる電子機器の一例を示す。
本実施の形態では、車両に蓄電装置を搭載する例を示す。
リチウムマンガンニッケル酸化物を合成した。原料として、Li2CO3と、MnCO3、NiOとを用い、割合(モル比)を、Li2CO3:MnCO3:NiO=0.84:0.8062:0.318となるように秤量した。
次に、スラリーを作製した。作製した粒子Bと、アセチレンブラック(AB)と、PVdFと、を粒子B:AB:PVdF=90:5:5(重量比)の割合で混合し、溶媒としてNMPを加え、混練を行った。スラリーの固形分比は47重量%であった。
次に、以下の構造式(202)の構造を有するグラフェン化合物を合成した。
まず電極Mの作製方法について説明する。電極Mは、電極O上にグラフェン化合物を有する層213が形成される。まず、活物質層212上に、グラフェン化合物を有する層213を形成した。まずグラフェン化合物と、エタノールと、を混合し、分散液を作製した。次に、集電体上に活物質層212を有する電極Oを70℃のホットプレートに載せ、作製した分散液を活物質層212上に滴下した。さらに減圧下、70℃において熱処理を行った。以上の工程により、集電体上に活物質層212と、層213と、を有する電極Mを作製した。
102 活物質層
103 活物質
111 正極
111a 正極
115 負極
115a 負極
121 正極集電体
122 正極活物質層
123 セパレータ
125 負極集電体
126 負極活物質層
130 電極組立体
131 電極組立体
210 電極
211 集電体
212 活物質層
213 層
220 電極
221 活物質
230 領域
251 カチオン
252 カチオン
253 電子
300 蓄電池
301 正極缶
302 負極缶
303 ガスケット
304 正極
305 正極集電体
306 正極活物質層
307 負極
308 負極集電体
309 負極活物質層
310 セパレータ
321 グラフェン化合物
331 領域
332 領域
333 領域
500 蓄電池
501 正極集電体
502 正極活物質層
503 正極
504 負極集電体
505 負極活物質層
506 負極
507 セパレータ
508 電解液
509 外装体
510 正極リード電極
511 負極リード電極
512 溶接領域
514 封止部
600 蓄電池
601 正極キャップ
602 電池缶
603 正極端子
604 正極
605 セパレータ
606 負極
607 負極端子
608 絶縁板
609 絶縁板
611 PTC素子
612 安全弁機構
900 回路基板
910 ラベル
911 端子
912 回路
913 蓄電池
914 アンテナ
915 アンテナ
916 層
917 層
918 アンテナ
919 端子
920 表示装置
921 センサ
922 端子
951 端子
952 端子
981 フィルム
982 フィルム
990 蓄電池
991 外装体
992 外装体
993 捲回体
994 負極
995 正極
996 セパレータ
997 リード電極
998 リード電極
1700 曲面
1701 平面
1702 曲線
1703 曲率半径
1704 曲率中心
1800 曲率中心
1801 フィルム
1802 曲率半径
1803 フィルム
1804 曲率半径
7100 携帯表示装置
7101 筐体
7102 表示部
7103 操作ボタン
7104 蓄電装置
7200 携帯情報端末
7201 筐体
7202 表示部
7203 バンド
7204 バックル
7205 操作ボタン
7206 入出力端子
7207 アイコン
7300 表示装置
7304 表示部
7400 携帯電話機
7401 筐体
7402 表示部
7403 操作ボタン
7404 外部接続ポート
7405 スピーカ
7406 マイク
7407 蓄電装置
7408 リード電極
7409 集電体
8000 表示装置
8001 筐体
8002 表示部
8003 スピーカ部
8004 蓄電装置
8021 充電装置
8022 ケーブル
8024 蓄電装置
8100 照明装置
8101 筐体
8102 光源
8103 蓄電装置
8104 天井
8105 側壁
8106 床
8107 窓
8200 室内機
8201 筐体
8202 送風口
8203 蓄電装置
8204 室外機
8300 電気冷凍冷蔵庫
8301 筐体
8302 冷蔵室用扉
8303 冷凍室用扉
8304 蓄電装置
8400 自動車
8401 ヘッドライト
8406 電気モーター
8500 自動車
9600 タブレット型端末
9625 スイッチ
9626 スイッチ
9627 電源スイッチ
9628 操作スイッチ
9629 留め具
9630 筐体
9630a 筐体
9630b 筐体
9631 表示部
9631a 表示部
9631b 表示部
9632a 領域
9632b 領域
9633 太陽電池
9634 充放電制御回路
9635 蓄電体
9636 DCDCコンバータ
9637 コンバータ
9638 操作キー
9639 ボタン
9640 可動部
Claims (5)
- 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一において、
前記グラフェン化合物は元素Mをトラップする機能を有する電極。 - 正極として、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一に記載の電極を有し、
外装体と、電解液と、セパレータと、負極と、を有する蓄電装置。
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