JP7130156B1 - 希土類焼結磁石および希土類焼結磁石の製造方法、回転子並びに回転機 - Google Patents
希土類焼結磁石および希土類焼結磁石の製造方法、回転子並びに回転機 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 118
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 37
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 34
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GPAAEXYTRXIWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-methylpiperidin-1-ium-1-yl)methanesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C[N+]1(C)CCCCC1 GPAAEXYTRXIWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015397 B-N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015407 B—N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001279 Dy alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000748 Gd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001257 Nb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001117 Tb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004219 molecular orbital method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000314 poly p-methyl styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010063401 primary progressive multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005359 quantum Heisenberg model Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1による希土類焼結磁石の焼結状態の構造の一例を模式的に示す図である。実施の形態1による永久磁石は、一般式(Nd,La,Sm)-Fe-B-Mを満たす希土類焼結磁石1であって、R2Fe14B結晶構造を基本とする結晶粒を含む主相10と、副相20と、を有する希土類焼結磁石1である。副相20は、(Nd,La,Sm)-Oで表される酸化物相を主成分とする結晶性の第1副相21と、(Nd,La)-Oで表される酸化物相を主成分とする結晶性の第2副相22と、を有する。なお、元素Mは、Cu(銅),Al(アルミニウム)およびGa(ガリウム)の群から選択される1種以上の元素を示している。
5≦a≦20
0<b+c<a
70≦d≦90
0.5≦e≦10
0≦f≦5
0≦g≦5
a+b+c+d+e+f+g=100原子%
(参考文献1)J.F.Herbst et al. “Relationships between crystal structure and magnetic properties in Nd2Fe14B”. PHYSICAL REVIEW B. 1984, Vol.29, No.7, p. 4176-4178.
実施の形態2では、実施の形態1で説明した希土類焼結磁石1を製造する方法について、希土類焼結磁石1の原料となる希土類磁石合金の製造方法と、希土類磁石合金を用いた希土類焼結磁石1の製造方法と、に分けて説明する。
次に、実施の形態1による希土類焼結磁石1を搭載した回転子について説明する。図6は、実施の形態3による希土類焼結磁石を搭載した回転子の構成の一例を模式的に示す断面図である。図6では、回転子100の回転軸RAに垂直な方向の断面を示している。
次に、実施の形態4による回転子100を搭載した回転機について説明する。図7は、実施の形態4による回転機の構成の一例を模式的に示す断面図である。図7では、回転子100の回転軸RAに垂直な方向の断面を示している。
Claims (9)
- 元素MはCu,AlおよびGaの群から選択される1種以上の元素とし、一般式(Nd,La,Sm)-Fe-B-Mを満たす希土類焼結磁石であって、
R2Fe14B結晶構造を基本とする結晶粒を含む主相と、
(Nd,La,Sm)-Oで表される酸化物相を主成分とする結晶性の第1副相と、
(Nd,La)-Oで表される酸化物相を主成分とする結晶性の第2副相と、
を有し、
前記第1副相および前記第2副相から成る結晶性の副相に偏析したSmの濃度は、前記主相のSmの濃度よりも高く、
Smの濃度は、前記第2副相に比して前記第1副相の方が高く、
前記元素Mの濃度は、前記第1副相に比して前記第2副相の方が高いことを特徴とする希土類焼結磁石。 - 前記第1副相および前記第2副相におけるLaの濃度の和は、前記主相におけるLaの濃度以上であり、
前記第1副相および前記第2副相におけるSmの濃度の和は、前記主相におけるSmの濃度以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の希土類焼結磁石。 - 前記第1副相におけるLaの濃度は、前記第2副相におけるLaの濃度以上であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- Nd,LaおよびSmの組成比率をそれぞれa,bおよびcとしたとき、a>(b+c)であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1つに記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 前記主相に含まれるLa濃度をXとし、前記第1副相に含まれるLa濃度をX1とし、前記第2副相に含まれるLa濃度をX2とし、前記主相に含まれるSm濃度をYとし、前記第1副相に含まれるSm濃度をY1とし、前記第2副相に含まれるSm濃度をY2としたとき、1<(Y1+Y2)/Y<(X1+X2)/Xであることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1つに記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- Co,Zr,Ti,Pr,Nb,Dy,Tb,Mn,GdおよびHoの群から選択される1種以上の添加元素Nをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1つに記載の希土類焼結磁石。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか1つに記載の希土類焼結磁石の製造方法であって、
前記希土類焼結磁石を構成する元素を含む希土類磁石合金の原料を溶融する溶融工程と、
前記溶融工程で溶融状態の原料を冷却して凝固合金を得る第1次冷却工程と、
前記凝固合金をさらに冷却して希土類磁石合金を得る第2次冷却工程と、
(Nd,La,Sm)-Fe-B-Mを満たす前記希土類磁石合金を粉砕し、希土類磁石合金の粉末を得る粉砕工程と、
前記希土類磁石合金の粉末を成形することによって成形体を調製する成形工程と、
前記成形体を900℃以上1300℃以下の範囲内の焼結温度で、0.1時間以上10時間以下の範囲内の時間、保持することによって焼結体を調製する焼結工程と、
前記焼結体を前記焼結温度未満の温度である700℃以上900℃未満の範囲内の第1次時効温度で0.1時間以上10時間以下の範囲内で保持する第1次時効工程と、
前記第1次時効工程で保持された 前記焼結体を前記第1次時効温度未満の温度である450℃以上700℃未満の範囲内の第2次時効温度で0.1時間以上10時間以下の範囲内で保持する第2次時効工程と、
前記第2次時効工程で保持された前記焼結体を 前記第2次時効温度未満の温度である200℃以上450℃未満の範囲内で0.1時間以上5時間以下の範囲内で保持する冷却工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする希土類焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 回転子鉄心と、
前記回転子鉄心に設けられる請求項1から6のいずれか1つに記載の希土類焼結磁石と、
を備えることを特徴とする回転子。 - 請求項8に記載の回転子と、
前記回転子が配置される側の内面に、前記回転子に向かって突出したティースに備え付けられる巻線を有し、前記回転子に対向配置される環状の固定子と、
を備えることを特徴とする回転機。
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