JP7123171B2 - 反応物を加湿する方法、および該方法を実行する燃料電池システム - Google Patents
反応物を加湿する方法、および該方法を実行する燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 34
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04149—Humidifying by diffusion, e.g. making use of membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04507—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04514—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of anode exhausts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04522—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of cathode exhausts
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04843—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell exhausts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Description
2 燃料電池スタック
3 圧縮機
4 カソード供給ライン
5 カソード排気ガスライン
6 流れウェブ
7 液体水供給ライン
8 接続チャネル
9 乾燥供給ライン
10 加湿器
11 膜(加湿器)
12 面
13 チャネル
14 貯蔵構成要素
15 幅広チャネル
16 幅狭チャネル
17 突起
18 アノード空間
19 カソード空間
20 アノード供給ライン
21 アノード排気ガスライン
22 アノードガスリザーバ
23 第1アクチュエータ
24 燃料電池再循環ライン
25 電力電子機器回路
26 電気モータ
27 加湿器排出ライン
28 タービン
29 第2アクチュエータ
30 第3アクチュエータ
31 第4アクチュエータ
32 第5アクチュエータ
33 バイパスアクチュエータ
34 バイパスライン
35 流れ方向
Claims (9)
- 加湿器(10)に流体的に接続された燃料電池スタック(2)を有してなる燃料電池システム(1)において反応物を加湿する方法であって、前記加湿器(10)は膜(11)を有し、前記膜(11)の面(12)では、チャネル(13)が形成され、液体水を一時的に貯蔵する貯蔵構成要素(14)が前記チャネル(13)の少なくとも1つと関連する、前記反応物を加湿する方法において、
前記燃料電池スタック(2)から前記液体水を除去し、該液体水を前記加湿器(10)へ供給することと、
前記貯蔵構成要素(14)において前記液体水の少なくとも一部を収容し、前記貯蔵構成要素(14)内の前記一部を一時的に貯蔵することと、
前記液体水を蒸発させることにより前記貯蔵構成要素(14)を少なくとも部分的に空にし、蒸発した前記液体水によって、前記燃料電池スタック(2)へ供給すべき前記反応物を加湿することと、
を含み、
前記液体水は、アノード側およびカソード側の双方において前記燃料電池スタック(2)から除去され、
前記膜(11)の湿気が、予め決定された、または予め決定可能な湿気閾値を下回るときに、前記液体水は前記貯蔵構成要素(14)から空にされることを特徴とする、反応物を加湿する方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法を実行する燃料電池システム(1)であって、燃料電池スタック(2)を有し、前記燃料電池スタック(2)は、前記アノード側でアノードガスを供給するアノード供給ライン(20)およびアノード排気ガスを排出するアノード排気ガスライン(21)に接続されるとともに、前記カソード側でカソードガスを供給するカソード供給ライン(4)およびカソード排気ガスライン(5)に接続され、前記カソード排気ガスライン(5)は加湿器(10)に流体的に接続され、前記加湿器(10)は水蒸気透過性膜(11)を有し、該水蒸気透過性膜(11)の面(12)では、チャネル(13)が形成され、液体水を一時的に貯蔵する貯蔵構成要素(14)は前記チャネル(13)の少なくとも1つと関連し、液体水供給ライン(7)が設けられ、該液体水供給ライン(7)は、前記アノード排気ガスライン(21)に接続され、前記アノード側の液体水を前記加湿器(10)へ供給する前記加湿器(10)に間接的または直接的に接続されることを特徴とする燃料電池システム(1)。
- 前記液体水供給ライン(7)は、前記カソード排気ガスライン(5)および/または前記カソード供給ライン(4)に接続されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム(1)。
- 前記チャネル(13)は、前記面(12)に配置された複数の流れウェブ(6)によって形成され、前記流れウェブ(6)の少なくとも1つが、前記チャネル(13)の間の圧力の均等化のために、前記流れウェブ(6)の長手方向の広がりに対して直交して延びる接続チャネル(8)を備えることを特徴とする請求項2または3に記載の燃料電池システム(1)。
- 前記接続チャネル(8)の直径は、前記貯蔵構成要素(14)における前記液体水の表面張力によって、前記液体水が前記接続チャネル(8)を通過することを防止するように選択されることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の燃料電池システム(1)。
- 前記流れウェブ(6)は、第1の直径を有する幅広チャネル(15)と、前記第1の直径よりも小さい直径を有する幅狭チャネル(16)とが形成されるように互いに対して配置され、前記幅狭チャネル(16)の少なくとも1つが前記幅広チャネル(15)の1つと隣接して配置されることを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載の燃料電池システム(1)。
- 前記貯蔵構成要素(14)は、前記流れウェブ(6)に形成または配置されたポケットとして形成されることを特徴とする請求項4~6のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム(1)。
- 少なくとも2つの突起(17)は、前記貯蔵構成要素(14)が前記2つの突起(17)の間に形成されたポケットとして形成されるように前記チャネル(13)の1つに形成されることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の燃料電池システム(1)。
- 少なくとも2つの突起(17)は、前記貯蔵構成要素(14)が前記2つの突起(17)の間に形成されたポケットとして形成されるように前記幅広チャネルの1つに形成されることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の燃料電池システム(1)。
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DE102018208989.2A DE102018208989A1 (de) | 2018-06-07 | 2018-06-07 | Verfahren zum Befeuchten eines Reaktanten und Brennstoffzellensystem zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102018208989.2 | 2018-06-07 | ||
PCT/EP2019/058857 WO2019233655A1 (de) | 2018-06-07 | 2019-04-09 | Verfahren zum befeuchten eines reaktanten und brennstoffzellensystem zur durchführung des verfahrens |
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JP (1) | JP7123171B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102558346B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN112204788A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102018208989A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2019233655A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
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JP2006521004A (ja) | 2003-03-21 | 2006-09-14 | モーディーン・マニュファクチャリング・カンパニー | 燃料電池システムのためのカソード入口ガス加湿システム及び方法 |
JP2006269160A (ja) | 2005-03-23 | 2006-10-05 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
WO2017102538A1 (de) | 2015-12-17 | 2017-06-22 | Volkswagen Ag | Befeuchter mit integriertem wasserabscheider für ein brennstoffzellensystem, brennstoffzellensystem sowie fahrzeug mit einem solchen |
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DE19921007C1 (de) | 1999-05-06 | 2000-11-16 | Dornier Gmbh | Befeuchtung einer Brennstoffzelle |
JP2003297404A (ja) | 2002-04-03 | 2003-10-17 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
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DE102004023116A1 (de) | 2004-05-11 | 2005-12-08 | Ufermann, Rüdiger | Brennstoffzelle mit protonenleitendem Wasserstoffbrückenbindungs-Polplatten-Kapillarspalt |
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EP2243182B1 (de) * | 2008-02-13 | 2013-09-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Befeuchtungszelle |
DE102011111742A1 (de) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-02-28 | Daimler Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem |
DE102011122306A1 (de) | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-27 | Daimler Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem |
DE102013014952A1 (de) | 2013-09-10 | 2015-03-12 | Daimler Ag | Gas/Gas-Befeuchter |
JP6126974B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-05 | 2017-05-10 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
CN106784929B (zh) | 2016-12-07 | 2020-04-28 | 同济大学 | 一种用于燃料电池的加湿器 |
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JP2006521004A (ja) | 2003-03-21 | 2006-09-14 | モーディーン・マニュファクチャリング・カンパニー | 燃料電池システムのためのカソード入口ガス加湿システム及び方法 |
JP2006269160A (ja) | 2005-03-23 | 2006-10-05 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
WO2017102538A1 (de) | 2015-12-17 | 2017-06-22 | Volkswagen Ag | Befeuchter mit integriertem wasserabscheider für ein brennstoffzellensystem, brennstoffzellensystem sowie fahrzeug mit einem solchen |
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JP2021520043A (ja) | 2021-08-12 |
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KR20210013701A (ko) | 2021-02-05 |
US11695134B2 (en) | 2023-07-04 |
US20210273246A1 (en) | 2021-09-02 |
DE102018208989A1 (de) | 2019-12-12 |
CN112204788A (zh) | 2021-01-08 |
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