JP7102489B2 - インターフェロンベータ抗体およびその使用 - Google Patents
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Description
本出願は、ASCIIフォーマットで電子的に提出された、その全体が参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる配列表を含む。2017年4月20日に作成された当該ASCIIコピーは、PCFC-1000-WO1_SL.txtと命名され、サイズは102,679バイトである。
本明細書で特許請求される発明は、共同研究契約の以下に列挙した関係者によって、またはその意向を受けてなされた。本共同研究契約は、特許請求された発明がなされた日またはその前に有効であり、特許請求される発明は、本共同研究契約の範囲内で行われた活動の結果としてなされた。本共同研究契約の関係者は、PARTNERS HEALTHCAREおよびPFIZER INCである。
(a)配列番号37のアミノ酸配列を含むVH相補性決定領域1(CDR-H1)、
(b)配列番号38のアミノ酸配列を含むVH相補性決定領域2(CDR-H2);および
(c)配列番号39のアミノ酸配列を含むVH相補性決定領域3(CDR-H3)
を含む重鎖可変領域(VH)を含む、実施形態1~16のいずれか1つに記載の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片。
(a)配列番号37のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-H1、
(b)配列番号38のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-H2;および
(c)配列番号39のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-H3
を含むVHを含む、単離された抗体またはその抗原結合性断片。
(a)配列番号37のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-H1;配列番号38のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-H2;および配列番号39のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-H3;ならびに
(b)ヒト生殖系列DP10のフレームワーク配列と少なくとも73%、少なくとも75%、少なくとも79%、少なくとも89%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも92%、少なくとも93%または少なくとも99%同一である配列を含むVHフレームワーク
を含むVHを含む、実施形態1~24のいずれか1つに記載の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片。
(a)配列番号34のアミノ酸配列を含むVL相補性決定領域1(CDR-L1)、
(b)配列番号35のアミノ酸配列を含むVL相補性決定領域2(CDR-L2);および
(c)配列番号36のアミノ酸配列を含むVL相補性決定領域3(CDR-L3)
を含む軽鎖可変領域(VL)を含む、実施形態1~29のいずれか1つに記載の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片。
(i)
(a)配列番号37のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-H1、
(b)配列番号38のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-H2;および
(c)配列番号39のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-H3
を含むVH;ならびに
(ii)
(a)配列番号34のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-L1、
(b)配列番号35のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-L2;および
(c)配列番号36のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-L3
を含むVL
を含む、単離された抗体またはその抗原結合性断片。
(i)
(a)Trp33、および配列番号37と比較して3つまたはそれよりも少ないアミノ酸差異を含むCDR-H1、
(b)Asp54、Tyr56、Tyr58およびGln61、ならびに配列番号38と比較して3つまたはそれよりも少ないアミノ酸差異を含むCDR-H2;ならびに
(c)Tyr97、Gly98およびLeu100、ならびに配列番号39と比較して3つまたはそれよりも少ないアミノ酸差異を含む、CDR-H3
を含むVH;ならびに
(ii)
(a)Gln27、Asp28、Ile29、Gly30、Tyr32、および配列番号34と比較して3つまたはそれよりも少ないアミノ酸差異を含む、CDR-L1、
(b)配列番号35と比較して3つまたはそれよりも少ないアミノ酸差異を含む配列を含むCDR-L2;ならびに
(c)Ile92、Ile93およびLeu94、ならびに配列番号36と比較して3つまたはそれよりも少ないアミノ酸差異を含むCDR-L3
を含むVL
を含む、単離された抗体またはその抗原結合性断片。
(a)配列番号34のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-L1;配列番号35のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-L2;および配列番号36のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR-L3;ならびに
(b)ヒト生殖系列DPK9のフレームワーク配列と少なくとも66%、少なくとも74%、少なくとも76%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも96%、少なくとも97%または少なくとも99%同一である配列を含むVLフレームワーク
を含むVLを含む、実施形態1~42のいずれか1つに記載の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片。
i)配列番号2のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
ii)配列番号3のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
iii)配列番号4のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
iv)配列番号5のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
v)配列番号6のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
vi)配列番号7のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
vii)配列番号8のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
viii)配列番号9のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
ix)配列番号10のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
x)配列番号11のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xi)配列番号12のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xii)配列番号13のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xiii)配列番号14のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xiv)配列番号15のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xv)配列番号16のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xvi)配列番号17のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xvii)配列番号18のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xviii)配列番号19のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xix)配列番号20のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xx)配列番号21のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xxi)配列番号22のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xxii)配列番号23のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xxiii)配列番号24のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xxiv)配列番号25のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;
xxv)配列番号26のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列;または
xxvi)配列番号27のCDR-L1、CDR-L2およびCDR-L3配列
を含む、単離された抗体またはその抗原結合性断片。
A.インターフェロンベータ(IFNβ)
線維芽細胞IFNとしても公知のインターフェロンベータ(IFNβ)は、グリコシル化され、分泌された、I型インターフェロンファミリーの分子の、およそ22kDaのメンバーである。ヒトIFNβ前駆体の配列を、配列番号40として示す。前駆体のシグナルペプチド(配列番号40の残基1~21)は、マウスおよびラットのタンパク質とそれぞれ47%および46%のアミノ酸配列同一性を共有する成熟IFNβ(配列番号41)を産生するために切断される。種々の種由来のIFNβのアラインメントを、図15Bに示す。シグナルペプチドには、以下の配列中で下線を付す。
MTNKCLLQIA LLLCFSTTAL SMSYNLLGFL QRSSNFQCQK LLWQLNGRLE YCLKDRMNFD IPEEIKQLQQ FQKEDAALTI YEMLQNIFAI FRQDSSSTGW NETIVENLLA NVYHQINHLK TVLEEKLEKE DFTRGKLMSS LHLKRYYGRI LHYLKAKEYS HCAWTIVRVE ILRNFYFINR LTGYLRN(ヒトIFNβ前駆体、配列番号40)
抗IFNAR抗体(例えば、アニフロルマブ)の1つの潜在的な欠点は、IFNαおよびIFNβサイトカインの両方がIFNARに結合することである。これら2つの型のIFNサイトカインは、類似の生物学的活性を類似の程度まで惹起するが、これら2つの型のIFN間には、効能および細胞型特異的活性において顕著な差異が存在する。例えば、IFNβは、胚性癌腫、黒色腫およびメラニン細胞などの一部の細胞型において、IFNαよりも顕著に高い抗増殖応答を惹起する。多発性硬化症および特定の癌の処置におけるIFNβのより高い効能もまた観察されている。しかし、IFNARの活性を遮断することは、IFNβの活性を選択的にモジュレートするわけではない。重要なことに、IFNαは、ウイルス感染に応答する重要なサイトカインであり、その結果、その活性を遮断することは、望まれない影響を有し得る。従って、IFNαではなくIFNβと特に結合する抗体は、IFNβによって主に駆動される疾患の処置についての、満たされていない重要な要求を満たす。
(i)(a)Trp33、および配列番号37と比較して3つまたはそれよりも少ないアミノ酸差異を含むCDR-H1、(b)Asp54、Tyr56、Tyr58およびGln61、ならびに配列番号38と比較して3つまたはそれよりも少ないアミノ酸差異を含むCDR-H2;ならびに(c)Tyr97、Gly98およびLeu100、ならびに配列番号39と比較して3つまたはそれよりも少ないアミノ酸差異を含むCDR-H3
を含むVH;ならびに
(ii)(a)Gln27、Asp28、Ile29、Gly30、Tyr32、および配列番号34と比較して3つまたはそれよりも少ないアミノ酸差異を含むCDR-L1、(b)配列番号35と比較して3つまたはそれよりも少ないアミノ酸差異を含む配列を含むCDR-L2;ならびに(c)Ile92、Ile93およびLeu94、ならびに配列番号36と比較して3つまたはそれよりも少ないアミノ酸差異を含むCDR-L3
を含むVL
を含む。
ある特定の実施形態では、本発明の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片は、IFNβの少なくとも1つの活性を低減させる中和抗体である。IFNβのかかる活性には、当該分野で公知の他のIFNβ活性のうち、IFNARへの結合、IFNβ依存的遺伝子の発現を増加させること、ならびに/または例えばSTAT1および/もしくはSTAT2のリン酸化を誘導することが含まれるがこれらに限定されない。抗体またはその抗原結合性断片がIFNβの活性を低減させるかどうかは、いくつかのアッセイによって評価され得る。例えば、アッセイは、抗体またはその抗原結合性断片が、(a)IFNARへのIFNβの結合を阻害するかどうか;(b)IFNβ依存的遺伝子の発現レベルを低減させるかどうか;ならびに/または(c)IFNβ誘導性リン酸化、例えばSTAT1および/もしくはSTAT2のリン酸化を阻害するかどうかを決定するために使用され得る。
本発明は、本明細書に記載される抗体部分および改変された抗体を含む抗体のいずれかをコードするポリヌクレオチドもまた提供する。本発明は、本明細書に記載されるポリヌクレオチドのいずれかを作製する方法もまた提供する。ポリヌクレオチドは、当該分野で公知の手順によって作製および発現され得る。
本発明の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片は、医薬組成物として製剤化され得る。医薬組成物は、凍結乾燥された製剤または水溶液の形態で、薬学的に許容できる担体、賦形剤および/または安定剤(Remington:The Science and practice of Pharmacy 第20版、2000、Lippincott Williams and Wilkins、K.E.Hoover編)をさらに含み得る。許容できる担体、賦形剤または安定剤は、投薬量および濃度でレシピエントにとって非毒性であり、緩衝液、例えば、リン酸塩、クエン酸塩および他の有機酸;アスコルビン酸およびメチオニンを含む抗酸化剤;防腐剤(例えば、オクタデシルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロリド;塩化ヘキサメトニウム;塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム;フェノール、ブチルアルコールもしくはベンジルアルコール;アルキルパラベン、例えば、メチルパラベンもしくはプロピルパラベン;カテコール;レゾルシノール;シクロヘキサノール;3-ペンタノール;およびm-クレゾール);低分子量(約10残基未満)ポリペプチド;タンパク質、例えば、血清アルブミン、ゼラチンもしくは免疫グロブリン;親水性ポリマー、例えば、ポリビニルピロリドン;アミノ酸、例えば、グリシン、グルタミン、アスパラギン、ヒスチジン、アルギニンもしくはリジン;グルコース、マンノースもしくはデキストランを含む、単糖、二糖および他の炭水化物;キレート剤、例えば、EDTA;糖、例えば、スクロース、マンニトール、トレハロースもしくはソルビトール;塩形成性対イオン、例えば、ナトリウム;金属錯体(例えば、Zn-タンパク質錯体);ならびに/または非イオン性界面活性剤、例えば、TWEEN(商標)、PLURONICS(商標)もしくはポリエチレングリコール(PEG)を含み得る。薬学的に許容できる賦形剤は、本明細書にさらに記載される。
本明細書で特に定義しない限り、本発明と併せて使用される科学用語および技術用語は、当業者によって一般に理解される意味を有するものとする。さらに、文脈が他を要求しない限り、単数形の用語は複数を含み、複数形の用語は単数形を含むものとする。一般に、本明細書に記載される細胞および組織培養、分子生物学、免疫学、微生物学、遺伝学ならびにタンパク質および核酸化学ならびにハイブリダイゼーションと併せて使用される術語体系、ならびにそれらの技術は、当該分野で周知であり一般に使用されるものである。
CDR-H1:H26~H35B;CDR-H2:H50~H65;CDR-H3:H95~H102
CDR-L1:L24~L34;CDR-L2:L50~L56;CDR-L3:L89~L97
本発明の代表的な材料は、2015年12月18日にAmerican Type Culture Collection、10801 University Boulevard、Manassas、Va.20110-2209、USAに寄託した。ATCCアクセッション番号PTA-122727を有するベクターCTI-AF1-VHは、抗体CTI-AF1の重鎖可変領域をコードするDNA挿入物を含み、ATCCアクセッション番号PTA-122726を有するベクターCTI-AF1-VLは、抗体CTI-AF1の軽鎖可変領域をコードするDNA挿入物を含む。これらの寄託は、特許手続き上の微生物の寄託の国際承認に関するブダペスト条約の条項およびその規則(ブダペスト条約)の規定の下で行われた。これは、寄託の日から30年間にわたって寄託物の生存可能な培養物の維持を保証する。寄託物は、Pfizer Inc.とATCCとの間での同意を条件として、ブダペスト条約の条項の下でATCCによって入手可能にされ、ACTTは、関連する米国特許の発行の際、または任意の米国もしくは外国の特許出願の公衆への公開の際のいずれか早い方の時点における、公衆への寄託物の培養物の子孫の恒久的かつ無制限の入手可能性を保証し、米国特許商標庁長官が米国特許法122条およびそれに従う長官規則(特に886 OG 638に関連して米国特許規則1.14を含む)に従って資格ありと決定した者への子孫の入手可能性を保証する。
抗IFNβ抗体の生成
抗体CTI-AF1は、可溶性サイトカインインターフェロンベータ(IFNβ)に対するヒト化IgG1抗体である。ヒトIFNβに対するマウスモノクローナル抗体(マウスmAb)を、ヒトIFNβによる雌性BALB/cマウスの標準的な免疫化および引き続くハイブリドーマスクリーニングによって生成した。
抗IFNβ抗体の生物物理学的特性
CTI-AF1を、10K MWCO再生セルロースメンブレンを用いて透析し、MOD1緩衝液中150mg/mLに濃縮した。カニクイザルETS材料を、産物の最小の喪失を伴って、超音波処理/同じ緩衝液中にダイアフィルトレートして、72mg/mLの最終濃度にした。約50mg/mLで、PBS、pH7.2中で製剤化した場合、CTI-AF1は、2~8℃で相分離し、安定な乳白色のエマルションを形成した。室温まで温めると、溶液は再度透明になる。MOD1緩衝液中では、相分離は起こらなかった。
薬理学
簡潔な概要
CTI-AF1は、可溶性サイトカインインターフェロンベータ(IFNβ)に対する、強力で高度に選択的なヒト化IgG1抗体である。in vitroで、CTI-AF1は、ヒトIFNβに対して高い親和性(36.7±12.4pMのKD)を示す。この抗体は、ヒトおよびカニクイザルのIFNβに対して、類似のEC50の結合を示した(それぞれ、15.28±2.11pMおよび25.04±5.11pM)。ヒト細胞ベースの機能的アッセイでは、CTI-AF1は、IFNβ誘導性STAT1リン酸化の強力な中和(7.7±5.0~29.8±6.9pMのIC50)および培養ヒト細胞におけるI型インターフェロン刺激性ルシフェラーゼレポーターの発現(ISREアッセイ;28.8±7.6pMのIC50)を示した。CTI-AF1はまた、遺伝子発現アッセイにおいてMxA(Mx1)のIFNβ駆動性の発現を阻害し(29.4±23.5pMのIC50)、ポリイノシン:ポリシチジン酸(ポリI:C)刺激後に疾患関連細胞型であるヒト皮膚線維芽細胞によって内因的に発現されるIFNβを阻害できた。
最初のハイブリドーマスクリーニングの間に、抗体を、I型IFN受容体の高親和性成分であるIFNAR2へのIFNβの結合を遮断するそれらの能力に基づいて選択した(図6)。ヒト化および親和性成熟後の引き続くスクリーニングでは、抗体選択は、細胞ベースのアッセイにおけるIFNβの機能的中和に基づいた。
トランスレーショナル薬理学
皮膚筋炎(DM)におけるIFNβについてのPK/PD関係は、定義されていない。DMに対して利用可能な適切な解釈可能な前臨床モデルは存在せず、前臨床有効濃度(Ceff)は理解されていない。1型インターフェロン遺伝子シグネチャーは、薬理学モジュレーションの機構的バイオマーカーとして臨床的に使用される。1型インターフェロン遺伝子は、典型的には、DMおよびSLE患者において上昇し、1型インターフェロン遺伝子シグネチャーの平均変化倍率は、抗IFNα(シファリムマブおよびロンタリズマブ)および抗IFNAR(アニフロルマブ)mAbについての臨床研究において以前に使用されている。しかし、遺伝子シグネチャーモジュレーションの定量的理解は確立されておらず、経時的なin vivo曝露、標的係合、下流の薬理学および効力間の関係は理解されていない。ヒト有効用量実現可能性見積もりは、CTI-AF1が皮膚においてIFNβの>95%を中和する能力に基づく。
Signal of Efficacy)(ESoE)研究において、皮膚筋炎疾患面積および重症度指数(CDASI)が、任意の関連する機構的バイオマーカーに加えて、一次エンドポイント(転帰バイオマーカー)として使用される。
CTI-AF1についての抗体薬物曝露とIFNβとの間の薬物動態学的および薬力学的(PK/PD)関係は、典型的なIgG1治療剤についての報告されたPKパラメーター、IFNβ-CTI-AF1平衡結合定数、皮膚および血清中のIFNβ濃度、ならびにIFNβターンオーバー半減期を使用してシミュレートされてきた。
カニクイザルにおけるCTI-AF1の薬物動態学的プロファイルに基づいて、ヒトにおけるCTI-AF1の薬物動態は、典型的なIgG1治療剤について報告された値と類似であると予測される。2-コンパートメント薬物動態学的パラメーター値を、表9にまとめる。見積もられた有効用量レベルにおけるCTI-AF1のシミュレートされた濃度-時間プロファイルを、図12A~Dおよび13A~Dの上のパネルに示す。
CTI-AF1のIVおよびSC薬物動態は、単一用量探索毒性研究(single-dose
exploratory toxicity study)からのデータを使用して、カニクイザルにおいて評価されている。カニクイザルについての平均血清薬物動態学的パラメーター値を表10にまとめ、CTI-AF1の平均血清濃度を図14に示す。
SLEおよびDMについての標的としてのIFNβ
IFN産生が、SLEおよび他のリウマチ性疾患、例えばDMに関連付けられるという証拠が増加しつつある。さらに、SLE疾患プロセスの永続化は、I型IFNのさらなる産生および病原性悪循環に関与する可能性が高い。
dermatomyositis disease area and severity index)(CDASI)によって測定した、DM血液中のI型インターフェロン調節性遺伝子(IRG)転写物「シグネチャー」の、皮膚発疹活性との関連を示した。高度にIFNβ誘導性の遺伝子MxA(Mx1)は、DMの筋束周辺筋線維および毛細管において発現され、IFNαまたはIFNωではなく血清IFNβが、他の炎症性筋疾患または正常血清とではなく、DMと関連する。これらのデータは、DMにおける毛細管、筋線維および皮膚への傷害が、IFNβメッセージおよびタンパク質の病原性過剰産生から生じるという観念を支持している。データは、CDASIスコアとIFNβタンパク質の血清レベルとの間の関連もまた実証している(図17)。対になった皮膚生検の分析は、影響あり組織のみにおいて、IFNβ mRNA、およびIRGシグネチャーの上方調節の両方の存在を示している(図18A~B)。合わせると、これらのデータは、DMがIFNβ駆動性疾患であることを強く示唆している。
エピトープマッピング
CTI-AF1によって認識されるエピトープを解明するために、IFNβ配列の選択された部分をIFNα配列で置き換えたハイブリッドIFNβタンパク質を作製した。CTI-AF1は、IFNαではなくIFNβと特異的に中和し、従って、CTI-AF1が所与のハイブリッドタンパク質を中和できないことは、エピトープの喪失を示す。ハイブリッドタンパク質を産生し、精製し、STAT1リン酸化を誘導する能力を確認した(表12)。
抗IFNβ抗体の結晶構造
カニクイザルIFNβとCTI-AF1 Fabとの間の複合体の共結晶を、沈殿剤として以下の溶液を使用して成長させた:19%PEG 3350、250mMクエン酸ナトリウム、100mMビス-トリスプロパンpH8.5。結晶は、空間群P21(単位格子パラメーターa=49.58Å;b=91.76Å;c=162.52Å;b=94.86°)に属し、結晶非対称単位1つ当たり2コピーの複合体を含む。構造は、分子置換法を使用して3.2Åの解像度で決定されており、autoBUSTERを使用して精緻化を実施した。
I型インターフェロン発現プロファイル
この実施例では、本発明者らは、toll様受容体リガンド刺激に応答する、4つの疾患関連細胞株のI型IFN発現プロファイルを研究した。4つの型の細胞を使用し:PBMC、皮膚線維芽細胞細胞株、筋肉細胞株および腎臓細胞株、これらを、抗IFNβ抗体の存在下および非存在下で、TLR3、TLR4、TLR7/8およびTLR9アゴニストで刺激した。
ATCC PTA-122726
Claims (4)
- (i)
(a)配列番号37のアミノ酸配列を含むVH CDR-H1、
(b)配列番号38のアミノ酸配列を含むVH CDR-H2;および
(c)配列番号39のアミノ酸配列を含むVH CDR-H3
を含むVH;ならびに
(ii)
(a)配列番号34のアミノ酸配列を含むVL CDR-L1、
(b)配列番号35のアミノ酸配列を含むVL CDR-L2;および
(c)配列番号36のアミノ酸配列を含むVL CDR-L3
を含むVL
を含む、ヒトIFNβと特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片をコードする単離された核酸。 - (i)配列番号166のヌクレオチド配列;(ii)配列番号167のヌクレオチド配列;(iii)ATCCに寄託され、アクセッション番号PTA-122727を有するプラスミドの挿入物のヌクレオチド配列;または(iv)ATCCに寄託され、アクセッション番号PTA-122726を有するプラスミドの挿入物のヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された核酸。
- 請求項1または2に記載の核酸分子を含む、ベクター。
- 請求項1または2に記載の核酸分子、もしくは請求項3に記載のベクターを含む、宿主細胞。
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