JP7084669B1 - 廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法 - Google Patents
廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7084669B1 JP7084669B1 JP2022004526A JP2022004526A JP7084669B1 JP 7084669 B1 JP7084669 B1 JP 7084669B1 JP 2022004526 A JP2022004526 A JP 2022004526A JP 2022004526 A JP2022004526 A JP 2022004526A JP 7084669 B1 JP7084669 B1 JP 7084669B1
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- lithium
- sodium
- potassium
- salt
- ion battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/028—Flow sheets
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- B01D11/028—Flow sheets
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- B01D11/0288—Applications, solvents
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- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
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- B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
- B01D61/423—Electrodialysis comprising multiple electrodialysis steps
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- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
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- B01D61/461—Apparatus therefor comprising only a single cell, only one anion or cation exchange membrane or one pair of anion and cation membranes
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- B01J47/12—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
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Abstract
Description
近年、かかる不都合を解消して、高い回収率でリチウムを回収でき、回収プロセスで生成される塩を、当該プロセスで鉱酸及びアルカリとして再利用できる廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法が希求されていたが、そのような方法は提供されていなかった。本発明が解決しようとする課題は、高い回収率でリチウムを回収でき、回収プロセスで生成される塩を、当該プロセスで鉱酸及びアルカリとして再利用できる廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法を提供することである。
前記分離工程は、好ましくはリン酸リチウム法、蒸発濃縮法、及び溶媒抽出法の少なくとも1つにより行われる。
本発明では、好ましくはナトリウム及びカリウムの少なくとも1つの塩水溶液を濃縮し、濃縮されたナトリウム及びカリウムの少なくとも1つの塩水溶液を前記電解工程で電解する。
前記溶解工程で使用される前記鉱酸は、好ましくは塩酸、硫酸、及び硝酸の少なくとも1つを含む。
本発明では、好ましくは前記電解工程で得られる水酸化ナトリウム及び水酸化カリウムの少なくとも1つを二酸化炭素と反応させて生成する炭酸ナトリウム及び炭酸カリウムの少なくとも1つを前記炭酸化工程で使用する。
前記電解工程で使用される電力として、好ましくは再生可能エネルギーを使用する。
前記電解工程で使用される電力として、好ましくは太陽光発電及び風力発電の少なくとも1つを使用する。
図1に示すように、本発明の廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法(以下、「回収方法」と称する)は、活物質粉1を出発物質とする。
さらに水酸化鉄及び水酸化アルミニウムが、前記有価金属の溶解液への水酸化ナトリウム及び水酸化カリウムの少なくとも1つの添加により順次沈殿し、前記有価金属の溶解液から鉄及びアルミニウムが分離される場合がある。
前記分離工程は、特定の方法に限定されないが、好ましくはリン酸リチウム法、蒸発濃縮法、及び溶媒抽出法の少なくとも1つにより行われる。
図2を用いて、リン酸リチウム法について説明する。リン酸リチウム法は、リン酸アルミニウムと、水酸化ナトリウム及び水酸化カリウムの少なくとも1つの水酸化アルカリ金属(MOH)水溶液を、前記アルカリ金属混合塩水溶液に添加し、リン酸リチウム及び水酸化アルミニウムを含む固形物を生成させるリン酸化工程(STEP A)を含む。塩化アルカリ金属(MCl)が、前記固形物が生成した前記水性液に溶解している。前記水酸化アルカリ金属は、好ましくは水酸化ナトリウムである。図2では、前記アルカリ金属として水酸化ナトリウムのみを使用する場合が示されている。
前記リチウムと、ナトリウム及びカリウムの少なくとも1つのアルカリ金属混合塩水溶液が蒸発濃縮され、塩化ナトリウム及び塩化カリウムの少なくとも1つ等のナトリウム塩及びカリウム塩の少なくとも1つが順次晶析され、当該アルカリ金属混合塩水溶液から分離される。分離された塩化ナトリウム及び塩化カリウムの少なくとも1つ等のナトリウム塩及びカリウム塩の少なくとも1つが水に溶解され、ナトリウム及びカリウムの少なくとも1つの塩水溶液を、イオン交換膜を用いて電解する、後述する電解工程(STEP 7)が実施される。ナトリウム塩及びカリウム塩の少なくとも1つが分離されたリチウム塩水溶液は、前記リン酸リチウム法で得られたリチウム塩水溶液と同様に好ましくは後述するpH調整工程(STEP 5)に付され、更に炭酸化工程(STEP 6)に付される。当該炭酸化工程で生成するナトリウム及びカリウムの少なくとも1つの塩水溶液が前記されるように塩化ナトリウム及び塩化カリウムの少なくとも1つが溶解している水溶液となる場合、当該水溶液は、後述する濃縮工程で(STEP 9)で濃縮されてよい。
前記リチウムと、ナトリウム及びカリウムの少なくとも1つの混合塩水溶液、及びリチウム抽出用有機溶媒の均質な混合液のpHが、水酸化ナトリウム及び水酸化カリウムの少なくとも1つ等のアルカリの添加により、好ましくは5~9の範囲に調整され、リチウム含有有機相と、抽出残液としてナトリウム及びカリウムの少なくとも1つの塩水溶液が得られる。リチウム抽出用有機溶媒として、例えばリン酸水素ビス(2-エチルヘキシル)が挙げられる。当該リチウム含有有機相に対し鉱酸によるスクラビングが実施され、リチウム塩水溶液が回収される。当該リチウム塩水溶液は、前記リン酸リチウム法で得られたリチウム塩水溶液と同様に好ましくは後述するpH調整工程(STEP 5)に付され、更に炭酸化工程(STEP 6)に付される。当該炭酸化工程で生成するナトリウム及びカリウムの少なくとも1つの塩水溶液が前記されるように塩化ナトリウム及び塩化カリウムの少なくとも1つが溶解している水溶液となる場合、当該水溶液は、後述する濃縮工程で(STEP 9)で濃縮されてよい。
<リチウム及びナトリウム混合塩水溶液中の金属の含有量、炭酸リチウム中の不純物の含有量>
PerkinElmer社製Optima8300を使用し、誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析(ICP-OES)によりリチウム及びナトリウム混合塩水溶液中の金属の含有量、炭酸リチウム中の不純物の含有量を測定した。
当該電解工程で生成した水酸化ナトリウムは、水酸化ナトリウム添加工程(STEP 2)、抽出工程(STEP 3)、及び分離工程(STEP 4)で再利用可能であった。さらに当該電解工程で合成された塩酸は溶解工程(STEP 1)で再利用可能であった。当該電解工程における電流効率は81.5%であった。
4…水酸化ナトリウム水溶液、 5…鉱酸、 6…炭酸ナトリウム、 11…電解槽、
12…陽極板、 13…陰極板、 14…陽極、 15…陰極、 16…イオン交換膜、
17…陽極室、 18…陰極室。
Claims (7)
- 廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法であって、
廃リチウムイオン電池を前処理して得られた活物質粉を鉱酸により溶解する溶解工程と、
前記溶解工程で得られる溶液に、水酸化ナトリウム及び水酸化カリウムの少なくとも1つを添加する水酸化アルカリ添加工程と、
前記水酸化アルカリ添加工程で得られる溶液から溶媒抽出により、前記活物質粉に含まれる鉄、アルミニウム、マンガン、コバルト、及びニッケルの少なくとも1つを有機溶媒で抽出する抽出工程と、
前記抽出工程で得られるアルカリ混合塩水溶液からリチウム塩と、ナトリウム及びカリウムの少なくとも1つの塩のそれぞれを分離する分離工程と、
前記分離工程で得られるリチウム塩水溶液を炭酸化して炭酸リチウムを得る炭酸化工程と、
前記分離工程から得られるナトリウム及びカリウムの少なくとも1つの塩水溶液を、イオン交換膜を用いて電解し水酸化アルカリ水溶液を得る電解工程を含み、
前記電解工程で得られる水酸化アルカリ水溶液を、前記水酸化アルカリ添加工程、前記抽出工程、及び前記分離工程の少なくとも1つの工程で再利用し、
前記電解工程で生成する気体を回収して得られる鉱酸、及び前記電解工程の陽極室で得られる鉱酸の少なくとも1つを前記溶解工程で再利用する、廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法。 - 前記分離工程が、リン酸リチウム法、蒸発濃縮法、及び溶媒抽出法の少なくとも1つにより行われる、請求項1に記載された廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法。
- ナトリウム及びカリウムの少なくとも1つの塩水溶液を濃縮し、濃縮されたナトリウム及びカリウムの少なくとも1つの塩水溶液を前記電解工程で電解する、請求項1又は2に記載された廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法。
- 前記溶解工程で使用される前記鉱酸は、塩酸、硫酸、及び硝酸の少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載された廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法。
- 前記電解工程で得られる水酸化ナトリウム及び水酸化カリウムの少なくとも1つを二酸化炭素と反応させて生成する炭酸ナトリウム及び炭酸カリウムの少なくとも1つを前記炭酸化工程で使用する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載された廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法。
- 前記電解工程で使用される電力として再生可能エネルギーを使用する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載された廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法。
- 前記電解工程で使用される電力として太陽光発電及び風力発電の少なくとも1つを使用する、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載された廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法。
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| WO2023229045A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-14 | 2023-11-30 | 株式会社アサカ理研 | 廃リチウムイオン電池からリチウムを回収する方法 |
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| JP2023103934A (ja) | 2023-07-27 |
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