JP7077219B2 - 噴霧乾燥製剤の肺への標的化送達 - Google Patents
噴霧乾燥製剤の肺への標的化送達 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本明細書において使用される用語は、以下の意味を有する。
皺度=(SSA・ρtrue)/Sv
である。式中、Sv=6/D32であり、ただし、D32は、単位表面積に基づく平均直径である。表面粗さの上昇は、粒子間凝集力を低下させ、エアロゾルの肺への標的化を向上させることが期待される。肺標的化の向上は、患者間の変動、ならびに中咽頭および体循環における薬物レベルを低下させることが期待される。1つまたは複数の実施形態において、皺度Svは、3~20、例えば5~10である。
本発明の実施形態は、平均的成人対象の中咽頭における沈着を効果的に回避し、医薬品の肺への標的化送達を可能とする噴霧乾燥粒子および噴霧乾燥粒子の凝集体を含む乾燥粉末製剤を提供する。
本発明の実施形態は、とりわけ、インスリンおよび他のホルモンなどのペプチドおよびタンパク質、中枢神経系を標的とする活性剤、ならびに心臓血管系を標的とする活性剤を含む様々な活性剤の全身送達に適している。本発明の実施形態は更に、呼吸器疾患の治療のための末梢気道への送達に非常に適している。高い送達効率のため、本発明の技術的実施形態は、抗感染薬および抗体を含む活性剤を、10mgを超える肺用量で送達するのに非常に適している。
一部の実施形態において、本発明の乾燥粉末製剤は、シェル形成賦形剤と、API、ガラス形成賦形剤、および緩衝剤を含むコアとを含むコアシェル粒子を含み、これは、本明細書においてはプラットフォーム製剤、またはシェルコアプラットフォーム製剤と称されることもある。
緩衝剤は、生理学的に適合するpHで薬物を送達する(すなわち、忍容性を向上させる)だけでなく、薬物の化学的安定性にとって好ましい溶液条件を実現する手段としてpHを制御することでよく知られている。本発明の製剤および方法の実施形態において、薬物のpH環境(すなわち、薬物を取り囲むマトリクス中のpH、およびある程度までは薬物粒子自体のpH)は、薬物と緩衝剤を共に同じ粒子に合剤化することによって制御可能である。
本発明は、本明細書に記載の実施形態による吸入用乾燥粉末製剤を調製する方法を提供する。例示的製剤は、少なくとも1種の活性剤を含み、in vitro総肺用量(TLD)が平均的成人対象の場合、名目用量の80~95%w/w、例えば85~93%w/wである、噴霧乾燥粒子を含む。
本発明は更に、吸入器と本発明の乾燥粉末製剤とを含む送達システムを提供する。
適切な乾燥粉末吸入器(DPI)は、単位用量吸入器を含み、ここで、乾燥粉末はカプセルまたはブリスタに貯蔵され、患者は使用前に装置に1つまたは複数のカプセルまたはブリスタを装填する。あるいは、用量がホイル-ホイルブリスタ、例えばカートリッジ、ストリップまたはホイールに予め包装されている複数回用量の乾燥粉末吸入器が考えられる。
本発明の実施形態は、閉塞性または炎症性気道疾患、とりわけぜんそくおよび慢性閉塞性肺疾患の治療方法であって、前述の乾燥粉末製剤の有効量を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、方法を提供する。
[実施例]
実施例1において、純粋な組換えヒトインスリンを含有する本発明の乾燥粉末製剤を、エタノールを共溶媒として含有する水性供給原料を噴霧乾燥することにより調製した。インスリンは分子量が約5,800Daの小タンパク質である。本実施例の目的は、in vitro総肺沈着を最適化するために粉体工学的特性(例えば、粒子密度および粒子径)が様々な一連の製剤を製造することであった。それ故、供給原料組成(すなわち、全固形分、および溶液供給原料のエタノール対水比)、および乾燥パラメータ(例えば、噴霧器ガス流量、液体供給速度、噴霧器における空気対液体比(ALR)、入口温度、および乾燥ガス流量)を変化させることにより粒子特性を調節した。本研究では、組換えヒトインスリン(P/N10112053、Frankfurt、Industriepark Hochst G680m Germany HMR4006のDiabel GmbH & Co KGT)を使用した。噴霧乾燥のための供給原料溶液は、磁気撹拌プレート上で穏やかに混合しながらインスリン粉末を水または水エタノール混合物に溶解することによって調製した。pHを塩酸(pH3.0~3.25)で低下させて薬物物質の急速溶解を促進し、次いで水酸化ナトリウムで調節して最終溶液供給原料をpH7.5~7.9に戻した。そのため、定量していないが、製剤は少量の塩化ナトリウムを含有していた。
実施例1の製剤の粉体工学的特性を表2に示す。Sympatec HELOSタイプBFモデルレーザー光回折分析器(Sympatec GmbH、Germany)、RODOS-M(OASIS)乾燥粉末分散機、およびASPIROS粉末投薬ユニットを用いて、吸入されたインスリン粉末の一次粒径分布(PPSD)を測定した。器具評価モードは、フラウンホーファー回折理論に基づいてサイズ分布を返す高分解能レーザー回折(HRLD)に設定した。粉末の5~15mgの粉末サンプルを1mLのバイアルに入れ、25mm・s-1の速度に設定したASPIROS投薬ユニットに装填した。RODOS乾式分散機のインジェクタおよび一次圧力設定は、それぞれ4mmおよび4barであった。測定は、R1レンズ(R1:0.1/0.18~35μm)を用いて実施した。RODOSの設定は、操作された粉末が噴霧乾燥プロセス時に形成された一次粒子に本質的に完全に分散したことを確認した後に選択した。各粉末製剤について3回の反復測定を実施した。結果は、体積中央径、VMDまたはx50(3回の反復の平均)について報告される。
広範なパック密度(0.15~0.30g/cm3)および体積中央径(1.36~2.58μm)をカバーする6種の噴霧乾燥インスリン粉末をin vitroエアロゾル性能について分析した。
観察された粉末の特性は、プロセスおよび供給原料のパラメータと定量的に相関していた。図3に示す結果は、溶液供給原料中のエタノール対全固形物比を変化させることによってバルク密度が影響を受ける可能性があることを示している。噴霧乾燥されたインスリン粉末では、全固形物濃度が0.75%w/wである場合に低いバルク密度が特に有利であった。
本明細書に記載のモノクローナル抗体断片は、抗TSLP断片を含み、分子量が46.6kDaである。乾燥粉末製剤は、ぜんそくの治療における局所肺送達用と記載されている。この文脈において、「単純」という用語の使用は、活性物質および緩衝剤のみの製剤を指す。
実施例5の噴霧乾燥抗体製剤の粉体工学的特性を表7に示す。APIと緩衝剤のみを含む単純な製剤は全て、滑らかな粒子表面を有する(すなわち、表面波形のない)粒子を生成した。少量のエタノールを水性供給原料に添加すると、実施例2のインスリン製剤で観察されたのと同様に、粉末のバルク密度およびタップ密度が低下した。粒子は更に、インスリン製剤の粒子よりも一次粒径分布(PPSD)が有意に広かった。しかし、本明細書に記載するように、皺度および粒子密度を含む他の粒子特性を調整し、広い粒径分布とバランスを取って本発明の記載される高総肺用量を達成することができる。
実施例6で説明した粉末について判定したDDおよびTLDを表8に示す。一次粒子の計算された空気力学的中央径Da(式1を用いてタップ密度とx50測定値から計算)は、0.71~0.93μmであった。
この一連の噴霧乾燥粉末では、噴霧乾燥条件を一定に保ち、シェル形成賦形剤(すなわち、トリロイシン、0~15%w/w)の添加の影響を抗体製剤について評価した。これらの製剤は、ガラス形成剤(トリロイシン含有量に応じて約29~44%w/w)およびヒスチジン緩衝剤(5.9%w/w、pH5.0)としてのトレハロースを更に含む。
実施例8で説明した粉末について記載したDDおよびTLDを表10に示す。
API50.0%w/w、ヒスチジン緩衝剤(pH5.0)5.9%w/w、トレハロース約14%w/wまたは29%w/w、およびトリロイシン15%w/wまたは30%w/wを含む製剤。粉末を、特注のNSD乾燥機で、入口温度105℃、出口温度70℃、乾燥ガス流量595L/分、噴霧器ガス流量30L/分、液体供給速度4.0mL/分、およびALR7.5×103v/vで噴霧乾燥した。固形分は1%w/wに減少させた。噴霧乾燥プロセスにおけるこれらの修正は、一次粒径を低下させるように設計した。実際、一次粒度分布の有意な低下が観察される。
プラットフォーム抗体製剤のエアロゾル性能に対する固形分の減少およびALRの増加の影響を表12に示す。実施例9の粒子と比較して一次粒子の空気力学的中央径の有意な減少が観察される。これは、一部の実施形態において、DDの約94%~98%のTLD値、すなわち、所望の、最適な、または好適な目標範囲内の性能につながる。
セレラキシン(RLX030)は、約6,000ダルトンの分子量を有するレラキシン2ファミリーのペプチドホルモンである。
実施例12で製造されたロットの粉体工学的特性を表13に詳しく記載する。抗体製剤と比較して、RLX030製剤は、低いタップ密度を示す。インスリン製剤で観察されたように、液体供給原料に少量のエタノールを添加すると、タップ密度が有意に低下する。ALRの増加および固形分の減少は、一次粒径分布(PPSD)がより小さい粒子を生成する。
実施例13に詳述した噴霧乾燥RLX030製剤のエアロゾル性能を表14に詳しく記載する。エタノール共溶媒を用いて製造した場合、一次粒子の計算された空気力学的中央径は0.5~0.6μmであった。エタノール共溶媒を用いて製造されたロットは全て、DDがNDの90%を超えており、TLDはDDの85%w/wを超え、ほとんどの粉末でDDの90%~95%であった。
TLDに対する一次粒子の計算された空気力学的中央径Daの影響を、図5に示す。滑らかな形態の粒子は、DDの70%未満であって、Daの上昇と共に急速に低下するTLDを示す。波状形態の粒子は、高いTLD(DDの80%を超える)を示し、Daが0.7μm未満になると、DDの90%超に上昇する。
本発明の様々な実施形態を以下に示す。
1.乾燥粉末吸入器から送達可能な粒子を含む無担体医薬粉末組成物であって、活性剤を含み、in vitro総肺用量が送達用量の90%を超え、前記送達用量中の粒子の慣性パラメータが120~400μm 2 L/分である、無担体医薬粉末組成物。
2.乾燥粉末吸入器から送達可能な無担体医薬組成物であって、
活性剤と少なくとも1種のガラス形成賦形剤とを含むコア、および疎水性賦形剤と緩衝剤とを含むシェルを含む複数の粒子を含み、
in vitro総肺用量が送達用量の90%w/wを超える、無担体医薬組成物。
3.前記粒子が噴霧乾燥によって形成される、上記2に記載の医薬組成物。
4.前記疎水性賦形剤がトリロイシンを含む、上記2に記載の医薬組成物。
5.乾燥粉末吸入器から送達可能な複数の一次粒子と粒子凝集体とを含む無担体医薬組成物であって、活性剤を含み、in vitro総肺用量が名目用量の80%を超え、前記一次粒子が、
波状形態と;
0.3~1.0μmの空気力学的中央径によって特徴付けられ、
乾燥粉末吸入器から送達される前記粒子と粒子凝集体の空気力学的質量中央径が1.5~3.0μmである、無担体医薬組成物。
6.前記一次粒子を収容する容器であって、乾燥粉末吸入器内での粒子のエアロゾル化前に前記粒子を収容するのに適し、前記エアロゾル化時に、呼吸できる凝集体を含むエアロゾルが形成される、容器を更に含む、上記5に記載の医薬組成物。
7.肺送達用医薬粉末製剤であって、粉末は1~100wt%の活性剤を含む粒子を含み、
前記粉末は、1~1.5ミクロンの少なくとも50%の粒径分布、0.05~0.3g/cm 3 の粉末密度、2ミクロン未満の空気力学的直径、および1.5~20の皺度のうちの少なくとも2つによって特徴付けられ;
前記粉末は、吸入によって投与されると、80%を超えるin vitro総肺用量を実現する、肺送達用医薬粉末製剤。
8.無担体である、上記7に記載の医薬粉末製剤。
9.前記粉末は、乾燥粉末吸入器と共に使用する容器に充填され、前記乾燥粉末吸入器を使用してエアロゾル化された場合、前記粉末は、空気力学的質量中央径が2ミクロン未満の呼吸できる凝集体によって特徴付けられる、上記8に記載の医薬粉末製剤。
10.エタノールが1~20%で存在し、全固形物に対するエタノールの比が1~20である、水とエタノールの混合物中の活性剤溶液を調製することと;
前記溶液を噴霧乾燥し、0.2g/cm 3 以下の粒子密度、1~3ミクロンの幾何学的直径、および1~2ミクロンの空気力学的直径を特徴とする微粒子を得ること
を含む方法によって製造される粒子を含む、吸入用医薬粉末製剤であって、
粉末は、吸入によって投与されると、約80%を超えるin vitro総肺用量を実現する、吸入用医薬粉末製剤。
11.ガラス形成賦形剤を更に含む、上記10に記載の医薬粉末製剤。
12.前記ガラス形成賦形剤がアルファを含む、上記11に記載の粉末製剤。
13.前記ガラス形成賦形剤がベータを含む、上記11に記載の粉末製剤。
14.前記ガラス形成賦形剤がトレハロースを含む、上記11に記載の粉末製剤。
15.粒子集団密度が0.01×10 -6 ~1.0×10 -6 である、上記1に記載の粉末組成物。
16.乾燥粉末を含む粒子を対象の肺に送達する方法であって、
a.エタノールが5~20%で存在する、水とエタノールの混合物中の活性剤溶液を調製することと;
b.前記溶液を噴霧乾燥し、約0.05~0.3g/cm 3 の粒子密度、1~3ミクロンの幾何学的直径、および1~2ミクロンの空気力学的直径を特徴とする微粒子を含む粉末を得ることと;
c.噴霧乾燥粉末を容器に充填することと;
d.前記粉末を前記容器から抽出する手段を有する吸入器であって、粉末の流動化およびエアロゾル化の手段を更に有し、患者が行う2~6kPaの吸気努力にわたって作動可能な、吸入器を用意すること
を含み、
前記吸入器と粉末は協働して120~400μm 2 L/分の慣性パラメータを実現し、前記粉末は、吸入によって投与されると、少なくとも90%の肺沈着を実現する、方法。
17.肺送達用乾燥粉末医薬品製剤を調製する方法であって、
a.エタノールが5~20%で存在する、水とエタノールの混合物中の活性剤溶液を調製することと;
b.前記溶液を噴霧乾燥し、約0.05~0.3の粒子密度、1~3ミクロンの幾何学的直径、および1~2ミクロンの空気力学的直径を特徴とする微粒子を含む粉末を得ることと;
c.噴霧乾燥粉末を容器に充填すること
を含む、方法。
18.乾燥粉末吸入器から送達可能な粉末医薬組成物であって、活性剤を含む粒子を含み、in vitro総肺用量が送達用量の90%w/wを超え、前記組成物が、
無担体であること;
0.05~0.3g/cm 3 の粒子密度であること;
3~20の粒子皺度であること;
エタノール:水混合物からの噴霧乾燥を含む方法によって製造された粒子であること;および
1~20のエタノール:固形物比を有するエタノール:水混合物からの噴霧乾燥を含む方法によって製造された粒子であること
のうちの少なくとも1つの特徴を含む、粉末医薬組成物。
19.前記特徴のうちの少なくとも2つを含む、上記18に記載の粉末医薬組成物。
20.前記特徴のうちの少なくとも3つを含む、上記18に記載の粉末医薬組成物。
21.上記1に記載の乾燥粉末製剤の有効量を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、疾患または状態を治療する方法。
22.前記疾患または状態が、閉塞性または炎症性気道疾患を含む、上記21に記載の方法。
23.吸入器と、上記1に記載の乾燥粉末製剤を含む、送達システム。
24.前記活性剤がタンパク質を含む、上記1に記載の組成物。
25.前記タンパク質がレラキシンを含む、上記24に記載の組成物。
26.前記活性剤が、抗体、抗体断片またはナノボディを含む、上記1に記載の組成物。
Claims (19)
- 医薬有効成分を含む肺送達用無担体医薬粉末組成物であって、送達用量中の粒子の慣性パラメータが120~400μm2L/分であり、4kPaの圧力低下でアルバータ理想型スロートにおいて測定した総肺用量が送達用量の80%を超える、無担体医薬粉末組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の無担体医薬粉末組成物であって、
コアが医薬有効成分と少なくとも1種のガラス形成賦形剤とを含み、およびシェルが疎水性賦形剤と緩衝剤とを含む、
無担体医薬粉末組成物。 - 前記粒子が乾燥粒子である、請求項2に記載の無担体医薬粉末組成物。
- 前記疎水性賦形剤がトリロイシンを含む、請求項2に記載の無担体医薬粉末組成物。
- 乾燥粉末吸入器から送達可能な複数の一次粒子と粒子凝集体とを含む請求項1に記載の無担体医薬粉末組成物であって、前記一次粒子が、
1.5~20の皺度を有する波状形態と;
0.3~1.0μmの空気力学的中央径によって特徴付けられ、
乾燥粉末吸入器から送達される前記粒子と粒子凝集体の空気力学的質量中央径が1.5~3.0μmである、無担体医薬粉末組成物。 - 前記一次粒子を収容する容器であって、乾燥粉末吸入器内での粒子のエアロゾル化前に前記粒子を収容するのに適し、前記エアロゾル化時に、呼吸できる凝集体を含むエアロゾルが形成される、容器を更に含む、請求項5に記載の無担体医薬粉末組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の無担体医薬粉末組成物であって、前記粒子が1~100wt%の活性剤を含み、
前記粉末は、1~1.5ミクロンの少なくとも50%の粒径分布、0.05~0.3g/cm3の粒子密度、および2ミクロン未満の空気力学的直径のうちの少なくとも2つによって特徴付けられる、
無担体医薬粉末組成物。 - 前記粉末は、乾燥粉末吸入器と共に使用する容器に充填され、前記乾燥粉末吸入器を使用してエアロゾル化された場合、前記粉末は、空気力学的質量中央径が2ミクロン未満の呼吸できる凝集体によって特徴付けられる、請求項7に記載の無担体医薬粉末組成物。
- 粒子を含む、吸入用医薬粉末製剤を製造する方法であって、
エタノールが1~20%で存在し、全固形物に対するエタノールの比が1~20である、水とエタノールの混合物中の活性剤溶液を調製することと;
前記溶液を噴霧乾燥し、0.2g/cm3以下の粒子密度、1~3ミクロンの幾何学的直径、および1~2ミクロンの空気力学的直径を特徴とする微粒子を得ること
を含み、
送達用量中の粒子の慣性パラメータが120~400μm2L/分であり、4kPaの圧力低下でアルバータ理想型スロートにおいて測定した総肺用量が送達用量の80%を超える、方法。 - 粉末製剤がガラス形成賦形剤を更に含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記ガラス形成賦形剤がアルファガラス形成剤を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記ガラス形成賦形剤がベータガラス形成剤を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記ガラス形成賦形剤がトレハロースを含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 粒子集団密度が0.01×10-6~1.0×10-6である、請求項1に記載の無担体医薬粉末組成物。
- 肺送達用乾燥粉末医薬品製剤を調製する方法であって、
エタノールが5~20%で存在する、水とエタノールの混合物中の活性剤溶液を調製することと;
前記溶液を噴霧乾燥し、0.05~0.3g/cm3の粒子密度、1~3ミクロンの幾何学的直径、および1~2ミクロンの空気力学的直径を特徴とする微粒子を含む粉末を得ることであって、送達用量中の粒子の慣性パラメータが120~400μm2L/分であり、4kPaの圧力低下でアルバータ理想型スロートにおいて測定した総肺用量が送達用量の80%を超える、ことと;
噴霧乾燥粉末を容器に充填すること
を含む、方法。 - 吸入器と、請求項1に記載の無担体医薬粉末組成物を含む、送達システム。
- 前記医薬有効成分がタンパク質を含む、請求項1に記載の無担体医薬粉末組成物。
- 前記タンパク質がレラキシンを含む、請求項17に記載の無担体医薬粉末組成物。
- 前記医薬有効成分が、抗体、抗体断片またはナノボディを含む、請求項1に記載の無担体医薬粉末組成物。
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