JP7064447B2 - アブレーション電極および画像センサを有するカテーテル、および画像に基づくアブレーションのための方法 - Google Patents
アブレーション電極および画像センサを有するカテーテル、および画像に基づくアブレーションのための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7064447B2 JP7064447B2 JP2018558330A JP2018558330A JP7064447B2 JP 7064447 B2 JP7064447 B2 JP 7064447B2 JP 2018558330 A JP2018558330 A JP 2018558330A JP 2018558330 A JP2018558330 A JP 2018558330A JP 7064447 B2 JP7064447 B2 JP 7064447B2
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- ablation electrode
- catheter
- ablation
- irrigation
- deformable portion
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- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1467—Probes or electrodes therefor using more than two electrodes on a single probe
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/061—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring dimensions, e.g. length
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/064—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension
- A61B2090/065—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension for measuring contact or contact pressure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
- A61B90/37—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
- A61B2090/376—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation using X-rays, e.g. fluoroscopy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
- A61B2090/3966—Radiopaque markers visible in an X-ray image
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2217/00—General characteristics of surgical instruments
- A61B2217/002—Auxiliary appliance
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- A61B2218/00—Details of surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2218/001—Details of surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body having means for irrigation and/or aspiration of substances to and/or from the surgical site
- A61B2218/002—Irrigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2218/00—Details of surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2218/001—Details of surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body having means for irrigation and/or aspiration of substances to and/or from the surgical site
- A61B2218/002—Irrigation
- A61B2218/003—Irrigation using a spray or a foam
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/02—General characteristics of the apparatus characterised by a particular materials
- A61M2205/0266—Shape memory materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2207/00—Methods of manufacture, assembly or production
Description
本願は、米国仮出願第62/330,395号(2016年5月2日出願)、米国仮出願第62/357,704号(2016年7月1日出願)、米国仮出願第62/399,632号(2016年9月26日出願)、米国仮出願第62/399,625号(2016年9月26日出願)、米国仮出願第62/420,610号(2016年11月11日出願)、米国仮出願第62/424,736(2016年11月21日出願)、米国仮出願第62/428,406(2016年11月30日出願)、米国仮出願第62/434,073(2016年12月14日出願)、米国仮出願第62/468,339(2017年3月7日出願)、および米国仮出願第62/468,873(2017年3月8日出願)に対する優先権を主張し、上記出願の各々の内容全体は、参照により本明細書に引用される。
本発明は、例えば、以下を提供する。
(項目1)
カテーテルであって、前記カテーテルは、
近位端部分および遠位端部分を有するカテーテルシャフトと、
前記カテーテルシャフトの前記遠位端部分に結合されているアブレーション電極であって、前記アブレーション電極は、内側部分および前記内側部分と反対の外側部分を有する、アブレーション電極と、
前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分から間隔を置かれている少なくとも1つの画像センサと
を備え、
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、少なくとも部分的に前記アブレーション電極によって画定される体積内に配置され、前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分に向けられている、カテーテル。
(項目2)
前記アブレーション電極は、変形可能部分を含み、前記変形可能部分は、前記変形可能部分が圧縮状態から非圧縮状態に拡張するとき、前記少なくとも1つの画像センサから離れる方向に移動可能である、項目1に記載のカテーテル。
(項目3)
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、少なくとも3つの画像センサを含む、項目1および2のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目4)
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、前記アブレーション電極によって包み込まれている、項目1-3のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目5)
前記アブレーション電極は、前記少なくとも1つの画像センサからの撮像エネルギーに対して少なくとも部分的に透明であり、それによって、前記アブレーション電極は、前記少なくとも1つの画像センサから前記アブレーション電極に向けられる前記撮像エネルギーの半分未満を反射する、項目4に記載のカテーテル。
(項目6)
前記アブレーション電極は、前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分の総表面積より大きい開放面積を画定する、項目4および5のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目7)
前記カテーテルシャフトの前記遠位端部分に結合されている潅注要素をさらに備えている、項目1-6のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目8)
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、前記潅注要素に沿って配置されている、項目7に記載のカテーテル。
(項目9)
前記潅注要素は、前記少なくとも1つの画像センサのそれぞれの視野に向けられた潅注孔を画定する、項目7および8のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目10)
前記潅注要素によって画定される前記潅注孔は、前記潅注要素と前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分との間の前記少なくとも1つの画像センサの前記それぞれの視野に向けられている、項目9に記載のカテーテル。
(項目11)
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、カメラを含む、項目1-10のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目12)
前記カメラは、前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分に向けられた光源を含む、項目11に記載のカテーテル。
(項目13)
前記カメラは、前記アブレーション電極の遠位半分を含む少なくとも1つの視野を有する、項目11および12のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目14)
前記アブレーション電極は、実質的に球状の部分を含み、前記カメラは、前記実質的に球状の部分の赤道を含む少なくとも1つの視野を有する、項目11-13のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目15)
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、前記少なくとも1つの画像センサの焦点距離より短い距離だけ前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分から間隔を置かれている、項目11-14のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目16)
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、少なくとも1つの超音波変換器を含む、項目1-15のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目17)
前記アブレーション電極は、複数の支柱を含み、前記複数の支柱は、複数の開放セルを集合的に画定する、項目16に記載のカテーテル。
(項目18)
前記少なくとも1つの超音波変換器は、前記支柱のうちの少なくともいくつかのそれぞれの横断寸法の少なくとも2倍広いビーム幅を有する、項目17に記載のカテーテル。
(項目19)
前記少なくとも1つの超音波変換器は、放射対称である、項目16-18のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目20)
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、超音波変換器アレイを含む、項目16-18のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目21)
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、前記少なくとも1つの画像センサの焦点距離より長い距離だけ前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分から間隔を置かれている、項目16-20のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目22)
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、遠位方向に向けられている、項目1-21のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目23)
前記カテーテルシャフトの前記遠位端部分に対して固定されている場所センサをさらに備えている、項目1-22のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
(項目24)
前記場所センサは、磁気センサを含む、項目23に記載のカテーテル。
(項目25)
カテーテルアブレーションシステムであって、前記カテーテルアブレーションシステムは、
カテーテルであって、前記カテーテルは、
近位端部分および遠位端部分を有するカテーテルシャフトと、
前記カテーテルシャフトの前記遠位端部分に結合されているアブレーション電極であって、前記アブレーション電極は、内側部分および前記内側部分と反対の外側部分を有する、アブレーション電極と、
前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分から間隔を置かれている少なくとも1つの画像センサと
を含み、
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、少なくとも部分的に前記アブレーション電極によって画定される体積内に配置され、前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分に向けられている、カテーテルと、
前記カテーテルと電気通信するカテーテルインターフェースユニットと
を備え、
前記カテーテルインターフェースユニットは、1つ以上のプロセッサ、およびコンピュータ実行可能命令を記憶している非一過性のコンピュータ読み取り可能な記憶媒体を含み、
前記命令は、
少なくとも1つの画像を前記少なくとも1つの画像センサから受信することと、
少なくとも部分的に前記少なくとも1つの画像に基づいて、解剖学的構造のグラフィカル表現を生成することと、
前記解剖学的構造の前記グラフィカル表現をグラフィカルユーザインターフェースに送信さすることと
を前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせる、カテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目26)
前記解剖学的構造の前記グラフィカル表現を生成することを前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせる前記コンピュータ実行可能命令は、前記解剖学的構造の前記グラフィカル表現を前記解剖学的構造の前記グラフィカル表現を通って延びる平面に沿ってスライスすることをさらに含む、項目25に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目27)
前記解剖学的構造の前記グラフィカル表現は、少なくとも部分的に複数の画像に基づき、前記複数の画像内の前記画像の少なくともいくつかは、前記解剖学的構造内の前記アブレーション電極の異なる場所に対応する、項目25および26のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目28)
前記解剖学的構造の前記グラフィカル表現を生成することを前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせる前記コンピュータ実行可能命令は、前記解剖学的構造内の前記アブレーション電極の場所に少なくとも部分的にさらに基づく、項目25-27のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目29)
前記解剖学的構造内の前記アブレーション電極の前記場所は、前記解剖学的構造の少なくとも一部内に存在する電場に少なくとも部分的に基づく、項目28に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目30)
前記解剖学的構造内の前記アブレーション電極の前記場所は、前記カテーテルシャフトの前記遠位端部分に対して固定された磁気センサからの信号に少なくとも部分的に基づく、項目25-29のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目31)
前記解剖学的構造の前記グラフィカル表現を生成することを前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせる前記コンピュータ実行可能命令は、前記解剖学的構造の形状、前記アブレーション電極の形状、またはそれらの組み合わせを検出することを前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせるためのコンピュータ実行可能命令を含む、項目25-30のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目32)
前記解剖学的構造の前記グラフィカル表現を生成することを前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせる前記コンピュータ実行可能命令は、少なくとも部分的に前記少なくとも1つの画像に基づいて、解剖学的境界を検出することを前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせるためのコンピュータ実行可能命令を含む、項目25-31のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目33)
前記解剖学的境界は、血液-組織境界である、項目32に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目34)
前記解剖学的構造の前記グラフィカル表現を生成することを前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせる前記コンピュータ実行可能命令は、少なくとも部分的に前記少なくとも1つの画像に基づいて、前記解剖学的構造の厚さを決定することと、前記厚さの視覚的印を前記グラフィカルユーザインターフェース上に表示することとを前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせるためのコンピュータ実行可能命令を含む、項目25-33のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目35)
前記解剖学的構造は、心腔であり、前記厚さは、心内膜組織と心外膜組織との間の距離である、項目34に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目36)
前記解剖学的構造の前記グラフィカル表現を生成することを前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせる前記コンピュータ実行可能命令は、少なくとも部分的に前記少なくとも1つの画像に基づいて、前記解剖学的構造内の組織の色の変化を検出することと、前記グラフィカルユーザインターフェースに前記解剖学的構造内の組織の色の前記変化の指示を送信することとを前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせるためのコンピュータ実行可能命令を含む、項目25-35のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目37)
前記解剖学的構造内の組織の色の前記変化は、病変進行度を示す、項目36に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目38)
カテーテルアブレーションシステムであって、前記カテーテルアブレーションシステムは、
カテーテルであって、前記カテーテルは、
近位端部分および遠位端部分を有するカテーテルシャフトと、
前記カテーテルシャフトの前記遠位端部分に結合されているアブレーション電極であって、前記アブレーション電極は、内側部分および前記内側部分と反対の外側部分を有する、アブレーション電極と、
前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分から間隔を置かれている少なくとも1つの画像センサと
を含み、
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、少なくとも部分的に前記アブレーション電極によって画定される体積内に配置され、前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分に向けられている、カテーテルと、
前記カテーテルと電気通信するカテーテルインターフェースユニットと
を備え、
前記カテーテルインターフェースユニットは、1つ以上のプロセッサ、およびコンピュータ実行可能命令を記憶している非一過性のコンピュータ読み取り可能な記憶媒体を含み、
前記命令は、
少なくとも1つの画像を前記少なくとも1つの画像センサから受信することと、
少なくとも部分的に前記少なくとも1つの画像に基づいて、解剖学的構造の組織の厚さを決定することと
を前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせる、カテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目39)
前記解剖学的構造の組織の厚さを決定することを前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせるための前記コンピュータ実行可能命令は、前記画像センサの3次元局所化にさらに基づく、項目38に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目40)
前記解剖学的構造の組織の厚さを決定することを前記1つ以上のプロセッサに行わせるための前記コンピュータ実行可能命令は、前記画像センサの1つ以上の前の位置からの情報にさらに基づく、項目39に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目41)
前記画像センサの前記1つ以上の前の位置からの情報は、前記画像センサの前記それぞれの1つ以上の前の位置に関連付けられた1つ以上の画像を含む、項目40に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目42)
前記画像センサの前記1つ以上の前の位置からの情報は、前記画像センサの前記それぞれの1つ以上の前の位置に関連付けられた1つ以上の3次元場所を含む、項目40および41のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテルアブレーションシステム。
(項目43)
方法であって、前記方法は、
アブレーション電極を圧縮状態から非圧縮状態に拡張させることであって、前記アブレーション電極の内側部分は、前記非圧縮状態において、少なくとも1つの画像センサを包み込んでいる、ことと、
前記アブレーション電極の外側部分を解剖学的構造内の治療部位に位置付けることであって、前記アブレーション電極の前記外側部分は、前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分と反対にある、ことと、
前記治療部位の少なくとも1つの画像を前記少なくとも1つの画像センサから入手することと、
前記治療部位の少なくとも1つの画像に少なくとも部分的に基づいて、前記治療部位におけるアブレーション電極にRFエネルギーを送達することと
を含む、方法。
(項目44)
前記アブレーション電極を前記圧縮状態から前記非圧縮状態に拡張させることは、前記アブレーション電極を前記少なくとも1つの画像センサから離れる方向に移動させることを含む、項目43に記載の方法。
(項目45)
血液は、前記アブレーション電極が前記非圧縮状態にある状態で、前記少なくとも1つの画像センサと前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分との間で移動可能である、項目43および44のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目46)
少なくとも部分的に前記少なくとも1つの画像に基づいて、前記治療部位における組織厚を決定することをさらに含む、項目43-48のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目47)
RFエネルギーを前記アブレーション電極に送達することは、前記治療部位における前記組織厚に基づく、項目46に記載の方法。
(項目48)
前記治療部位の前記少なくとも1つの画像に基づいて、解剖学的境界を検出することをさらに含む、項目43-47のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目49)
前記アブレーション電極の前記外側部分を前記治療部位に位置付けることは、少なくとも部分的に前記検出された解剖学的境界に基づく、項目48に記載の方法。
(項目50)
前記治療部位の前記少なくとも1つの画像を入手することは、前記治療部位の複数の画像を前記解剖学的構造内の前記アブレーション電極のそれぞれの異なる場所から入手することを含む、項目43-49のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目51)
各それぞれの画像に関連付けられた場所を決定し、前記治療部位の前記複数の画像および各それぞれの画像に関連付けられた前記場所に基づいて、解剖学的境界のグラフィカル表現を形成することをさらに含む、項目50に記載の方法。
(項目52)
前記解剖学的境界の前記グラフィカル表現は、心臓の心内膜組織の表現を含む、項目51に記載の方法。
(項目53)
前記解剖学的境界の前記グラフィカル表現は、組織厚の表現を含む、項目51および52のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目54)
各それぞれの画像に関連付けられた前記場所を決定することは、前記解剖学的構造の少なくとも一部内に存在する電場に基づく、項目51-53のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目55)
前記電場は、少なくとも部分的に前記解剖学的構造の外部の1つ以上の電極によって生成される、項目54に記載の方法。
(項目56)
前記電場は、前記解剖学的構造内の前記アブレーション電極によって支持されている1つ以上の電極によって少なくとも部分的に生成される、項目54および55のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目57)
各それぞれの画像に関連付けられた前記場所を決定することは、信号を前記アブレーション電極に関連付けられた場所センサから受信することを含む、項目51-56のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目58)
前記場所センサは、磁気センサを含む、項目57に記載の方法。
(項目59)
前記場所センサは、前記アブレーション電極に結合されたカテーテルシャフトの遠位端部分に対して固定されている、項目57および58のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目60)
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、少なくとも1つのカメラを含み、前記治療部位の画像を前記少なくとも1つの画像センサから入手することは、潅注流体を前記少なくとも1つのカメラのそれぞれの視野に送達することを含む、項目43-59のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目61)
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、前記少なくとも1つの画像センサの焦点距離より短い距離だけ前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分から間隔を置かれている、項目60に記載の方法。
(項目62)
前記潅注流体は、前記少なくとも1つのカメラと前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分との間に送達される、項目60に記載の方法。
(項目63)
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、少なくとも1つの超音波変換器を含む、項目43-62のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目64)
前記少なくとも1つの画像センサは、前記少なくとも1つの画像センサの焦点距離より長い距離だけ前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分から間隔を置かれている、項目63に記載の方法。
(項目65)
RFエネルギーを前記アブレーション電極に送達することは、前記少なくとも1つの画像センサによって検出される微小気泡の検出に基づく、項目43-64のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
Claims (8)
- カテーテルであって、前記カテーテルは、
近位端部分と遠位端部分とを有するカテーテルシャフトと、
アブレーション電極であって、前記アブレーション電極は、(i)前記カテーテルシャフトの前記遠位端部分に取り付けられている結合部分と、(ii)前記カテーテルシャフトの前記遠位端部分から離れるように延びており、かつ、前記結合部分に対して遠位に延びている拡張可能部分とを有し、前記拡張可能部分は、前記結合部分に対向する遠位端領域を含み、前記拡張可能部分は、外力がないときに実質的に球状の形状と仮定し、前記アブレーション電極は、内側部分と、前記内側部分とは反対の外側部分とを有し、前記拡張可能部分は、拡張状態にあるとき、血液が前記拡張可能部分を通って流れることを可能にするように構成されている、アブレーション電極と、
前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分から間隔を置かれている1つまたは複数の画像センサと
を備え、
前記1つまたは複数の画像センサは、前記拡張可能部分によって少なくとも部分的に画定される体積内に配置されており、前記1つまたは複数の画像センサは、前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分に向けられており、
前記1つまたは複数の画像センサのうちの少なくとも1つの画像センサは、前記アブレーション電極の前記拡張可能部分の前記遠位端領域に向かって遠位方向に向けられている、カテーテル。 - 前記アブレーション電極の前記拡張可能部分は、前記拡張可能部分が圧縮状態から前記拡張状態に拡張するとき、前記1つまたは複数の画像センサのうちの1つの画像センサから離れる方向に移動可能である、請求項1に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記1つまたは複数の画像センサは、少なくとも3つの画像センサを含む、請求項1~2のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記1つまたは複数の画像センサのうちの1つの画像センサは、前記アブレーション電極によって包み込まれている、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記アブレーション電極は、前記画像センサからの撮像エネルギーに対して少なくとも部分的に透明であり、前記アブレーション電極は、前記画像センサから前記アブレーション電極に向けられる前記撮像エネルギーの半分未満を反射する、請求項4に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記アブレーション電極は、前記アブレーション電極の前記内側部分の総表面積より大きい開放面積を画定する、請求項4~5のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記カテーテルは、前記カテーテルシャフトの前記遠位端部分に対して固定されている場所センサをさらに備えている、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記場所センサは、磁気センサを含む、請求項7に記載のカテーテル。
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