JP6976855B2 - がん処置の治療有効性及びがん予後を予測するための方法及び組成物 - Google Patents
がん処置の治療有効性及びがん予後を予測するための方法及び組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(i)腫瘍抗原陽性腫瘍を有するがん患者が、腫瘍抗原に対する抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者であるか否か、及び/又は
(ii)がん患者、好ましくは腫瘍抗原陽性腫瘍を有するがん患者が、無増悪生存期間を経験することになるか否か
を評価する方法であって、患者から得られる試料中のFCGR2A rs1801274、MUC1 rs4072037、IL-10 rs1800896、DNMT3A rs1550117、SMAD4 rs12456284、EGF rs4444903、CDH1 rs16260、ERCC1 rs11615、及びFCGR3A rs396991からなる群から選択される1種又は複数の一塩基多型の遺伝子型を判定する工程を含む、方法に関する。
(i)CLDN18.2陽性腫瘍を有するがん患者がCLDN18.2タンパク質に対する抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者であるか否か、及び/又は
(ii)がん患者、好ましくはCLDN18.2陽性腫瘍を有するがん患者が、無増悪生存期間を経験することになるか否か
を評価する方法であって、患者から得られる試料中のFCGR2A rs1801274、MUC1 rs4072037、IL-10 rs1800896、DNMT3A rs1550117、SMAD4 rs12456284、EGF rs4444903、CDH1 rs16260、ERCC1 rs11615、及びFCGR3A rs396991からなる群から選択される1種又は複数の一塩基多型の遺伝子型を判定する工程を含む、方法に関する。
a.がん患者が、本発明の方法によって抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者であるか否かを評価する工程と
b.(i)がん患者が、抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者でないリスクが低減している場合、抗体を用いてがん患者を処置し、又は(ii)がん患者が、抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者でないリスクが増大している場合、抗体を用いてがん患者を処置しない、及び/若しくは抗体を用いた処置と異なる処置を含む治療レジメンでがん患者を処置する工程とを含む、方法に関する。
TGGGATGGAGAAGGTGGGATCCAAA[C/T]GGGAGAATTTCTGGGATTTTCCATT
CCCCTAAACCCGCAACAGTTGTTAC[A/G]GGTTCTGGTCATGCAAGCTCTACCC
CAACACTACTAAGGCTTCTTTGGGA[A/G]GGGGAAGTAGGGATAGGTAAGAGGA
AATTCCACCAGCACAGCCACTCACT[A/G]TGTGCTCATCTCACTCCTCCAGCAG
AGGTCCAGAGCCAGTGTTCTTGTTC[A/G]ACCTGAAAGTAATGGCTCTGGGTTG
CTTTCAGCCCCAATCCAAGGGTTGT[A/G]GCTGGAACTTTCCATCAGTTCTTCC
CTAGCAACTCCAGGCTAGAGGGTCA[A/C]CGCGTCTATGCGAGGCCGGGTGGGC
ATCCCGTACTGAAGTTCGTGCGCAA[C/T]GTGCCCTGGGAATTTGGCGACGTAA
CGGCTCCTACTTCTGCAGGGGGCTT[G/T]TTGGGAGTAAAAATGTGTCTTCAGA
ADCCは、抗体によってマークされている標的細胞を好ましくは必要とする効果細胞、特にリンパ球の細胞殺傷能力を記述するものである。
CDCは、抗体によって向けることができる別の細胞殺傷方法である。IgMは、補体活性化の最も有効なアイソタイプである。IgG1及びIgG3もともに、古典的な補体活性化経路を介してCDCを向けることに非常に有効である。好ましくは、このカスケードにおいて、抗原抗体複合体の形成が、IgG分子等の参加抗体分子のCH2ドメイン上で近接近している複数のClq結合性部位のクローク解除(uncloaking)をもたらす(C1qは、補体C1の3つの小成分の1つである)。好ましくは、これらのクローク解除されたC1q結合性部位は、以前は低親和性であったC1q-IgG相互作用を、高い結合活性の1つに変換し、それは、一連の他の補体タンパク質を伴うイベントのカスケードを誘因し、効果細胞走化性物質/活性化剤C3a及びC5aのタンパク質分解放出をもたらす。好ましくは、補体カスケードは、細胞膜傷害複合体の形成で終わり、それにより細胞膜内に孔が作られ、孔は、細胞内外への水及び溶質の自由通過を促進する。
a)腫瘍抗原に対する特異性;
b)約100nM以下、好ましくは約5〜10nM以下、より好ましくは約1〜3nM以下の腫瘍抗原への結合親和性;
c)腫瘍抗原陽性細胞上のCDCを誘導又は媒介する能力;
d)腫瘍抗原陽性細胞上のADCCを誘導又は媒介する能力;
e)腫瘍抗原陽性細胞の増殖を阻害する能力;
f)腫瘍抗原陽性細胞のアポトーシスを誘導する能力。
a)CLDN18.2に対する特異性;
b)約100nM以下、好ましくは約5〜10nM以下、より好ましくは約1〜3nM以下のCLDN18.2への結合親和性、
c)CLDN18.2陽性細胞上でCDCを誘導又は媒介する能力;
d)CLDN18.2陽性細胞上でADCCを誘導又は媒介する能力;
e)CLDN18.2陽性細胞の増殖を阻害する能力;
f)CLDN18.2陽性細胞のアポトーシスを誘導する能力。
a.182-D1106-055、受託番号DSM ACC2737、2005年10月19日に寄託
b.182-D1106-056、受託番号DSM ACC2738、2005年10月19日に寄託
c.182-D1106-057、受託番号DSM ACC2739、2005年10月19日に寄託
d.182-D1106-058、受託番号DSM ACC2740、2005年10月19日に寄託
e.182-D1106-059、受託番号DSM ACC2741、2005年10月19日に寄託
f.182-D1106-062、受託番号DSM ACC2742、2005年10月19日に寄託、
g.182-D1106-067、受託番号DSM ACC2743、2005年10月19日に寄託
h.182-D758-035、受託番号DSM ACC2745、2005年11月17日に寄託
i.182-D758-036、受託番号DSM ACC2746、2005年11月17日に寄託
j.182-D758-040、受託番号DSM ACC2747、2005年11月17日に寄託
k.182-D1106-061、受託番号DSM ACC2748、2005年11月17日に寄託
l.182-D1106-279、受託番号DSM ACC2808、2006年10月26日に寄託
m.182-D1106-294、受託番号DSM ACC2809、2006年10月26日に寄託、
n.182-D1106-362、受託番号DSM ACC2810、2006年10月26日に寄託。
(i)配列番号14によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む重鎖、及び配列番号21によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む軽鎖、
(ii)配列番号15によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む重鎖、及び配列番号20によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む軽鎖、
(iii)配列番号16によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む重鎖、及び配列番号22によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む軽鎖、
(iv)配列番号18によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む重鎖、及び配列番号25によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む軽鎖、
(v)配列番号17によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む重鎖、及び配列番号24によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む軽鎖、
(vi)配列番号19によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む重鎖、及び配列番号23によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む軽鎖、
(vii)配列番号19によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む重鎖、及び配列番号26によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む軽鎖、
(viii)配列番号19によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む重鎖、及び配列番号27によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む軽鎖、
(ix)配列番号19によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む重鎖、及び配列番号28によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む軽鎖、及び
(x)配列番号51によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む重鎖、及び配列番号24によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む軽鎖。
(i)配列番号29によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVH、及び配列番号36によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVL、
(ii)配列番号30によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVH、及び配列番号35によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVL、
(iii)配列番号31によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVH、及び配列番号37によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVL、
(iv)配列番号33によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVH、及び配列番号40によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVL、
(v)配列番号32によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVH、及び配列番号39によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVL、
(vi)配列番号34によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVH、及び配列番号38によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVL、
(vii)配列番号34によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVH、及び配列番号41によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVL、
(viii)配列番号34によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVH、及び配列番号42によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVL、
(ix)配列番号34によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVH、及び配列番号43によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含むVL。
(i)CDR1:配列番号14の45位〜52位、CDR2:配列番号14の70位〜77位、CDR3:配列番号14の116位〜125位、
(ii)CDR1:配列番号15の45位〜52位、CDR2:配列番号15の70位〜77位、CDR3:配列番号15の116位〜126位、
(iii)CDR1:配列番号16の45位〜52位、CDR2:配列番号16の70位〜77位、CDR3:配列番号16の116位〜124位、
(iv)CDR1:配列番号17の45位〜52位、CDR2:配列番号17の70位〜77位、CDR3:配列番号17の116位〜126位、
(v)CDR1:配列番号18の44位〜51位、CDR2:配列番号18の69位〜76位、CDR3:配列番号18の115位〜125位、及び
(vi)CDR1:配列番号19の45位〜53位、CDR2:配列番号19の71位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号19の117位〜128位。
(i)CDR1:配列番号20の47位〜58位、CDR2:配列番号20の76位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号20の115位〜123位、
(ii)CDR1:配列番号21の49位〜53位、CDR2:配列番号21の71位〜73位、CDR3:配列番号21の110位〜118位、
(iii)CDR1:配列番号22の47位〜52位、CDR2:配列番号22の70位〜72位、CDR3:配列番号22の109位〜117位、
(iv)CDR1:配列番号23の47位〜58位、CDR2:配列番号23の76位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号23の115位〜123位、
(v)CDR1:配列番号24の47位〜58位、CDR2:配列番号24の76位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号24の115位〜123位、
(vi)CDR1:配列番号25の47位〜58位、CDR2:配列番号25の76位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号25の115位〜122位、
(vii)CDR1:配列番号26の47位〜58位、CDR2:配列番号26の76位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号26の115位〜123位、
(viii)CDR1:配列番号27の47位〜58位、CDR2:配列番号27の76位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号27の115位〜123位、及び
(ix)CDR1:配列番号28の47位〜52位、CDR2:配列番号28の70位〜72位、CDR3:配列番号28の109位〜117位。
(i)VH:CDR1:配列番号14の45位〜52位、CDR2:配列番号14の70位〜77位、CDR3:配列番号14の116位〜125位、VL: CDR1:配列番号21の49位〜53位、CDR2:配列番号21の71位〜73位、CDR3: 配列番号21の110位〜118位、
(ii)VH:CDR1:配列番号15の45位〜52位、CDR2:配列番号15の70位〜77位、CDR3:配列番号15の116位〜126位、VL:CDR1:配列番号20の47位〜58位、CDR2:配列番号20の76位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号20の115位〜123位、
(iii)VH:CDR1:配列番号16の45位〜52位、CDR2:配列番号16の70位〜77位、CDR3:配列番号16の116位〜124位、VL:CDR1:配列番号22の47位〜52位、CDR2:配列番号22の70位〜72位、CDR3:配列番号22の109位〜117位、
(iv)VH:CDR1:配列番号18の44位〜51位、CDR2:配列番号18の69位〜76位、CDR3:配列番号18の115位〜125位、VL:CDR1:配列番号25の47位〜58位、CDR2:配列番号25の76位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号25の115位〜122位、
(v)VH:CDR1:配列番号17の45位〜52位、CDR2:配列番号17の70位〜77位、CDR3:配列番号17の116位〜126位、VL:CDR1:配列番号24の47位〜58位、CDR2:配列番号24の76位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号24の115位〜123位、
(vi)VH:CDR1:配列番号19の45位〜53位、CDR2:配列番号19の71位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号19の117位〜128位、VL:CDR1:配列番号23の47位〜58位、CDR2:配列番号23の76位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号23の115位〜123位、
(vii)VH:CDR1:配列番号19の45位〜53位、CDR2:配列番号19の71位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号19の117位〜128位、VL:CDR1:配列番号26の47位〜58位、CDR2:配列番号26の76位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号26の115位〜123位、
(viii)VH:CDR1:配列番号19の45位〜53位、CDR2:配列番号19の71位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号19の117位〜128位、VL:CDR1:配列番号27の47位〜58位、CDR2:配列番号27の76位〜78位、CDR3: 配列番号27の115位〜123位、及び
(ix)VH:CDR1:配列番号19の45位〜53位、CDR2:配列番号19の71位〜78位、CDR3:配列番号19の117位〜128位、VL:CDR1:配列番号28の47位〜52位、CDR2:配列番号28の70位〜72位、CDR3:配列番号28の109位〜117位。
マウス抗体は、繰り返し適用される場合、人において高度に免疫原性であり、治療効果を低減する。主な免疫原性は、重鎖定常領域によって媒介される。人におけるマウス抗体の免疫原性は、それぞれの抗体がキメラ化又はヒト化されている場合、低減又は完全に回避され得る。キメラ抗体は、異なる部分が異なる動物種に由来する抗体、例えば、マウス抗体に由来する可変領域及びヒト免疫グロブリン定常領域を有するもの等である。抗体のキメラ化は、マウス抗体重鎖及び軽鎖の可変領域を、ヒト重鎖及び軽鎖の定常領域と接合することによって実現される(例えば、Krausら、Methods in Molecular Biology series, Recombinant antibodies for cancer therapy、ISBN-0-89603-918-8によって記載されているように)。好適な実施形態では、キメラ抗体は、ヒトカッパ-軽鎖定常領域をマウス軽鎖可変領域に接合することによって生成される。やはり好適な実施形態では、キメラ抗体は、ヒトラムダ-軽鎖定常領域をマウス軽鎖可変領域に接合することによって生成され得る。キメラ抗体を生成するのに好適な重鎖定常領域は、IgG1、IgG3、及びIgG4である。キメラ抗体を生成するための他の好適な重鎖定常領域は、IgG2、IgA、IgD、及びIgMである。
抗体は、主に6つの重鎖及び軽鎖相補性決定領域(CDR)内に位置したアミノ酸残基によって標的抗原と相互作用する。この理由で、CDR内のアミノ酸配列は、CDRの外側の配列より、個々の抗体同士間で多様である。CDR配列は、ほとんどの抗体-抗原相互作用に関与するので、異なる性質を有する異なる抗体由来のフレームワーク配列上にグラフトされた特定の天然に存在する抗体由来のCDR配列を含む発現ベクターを構築することによって、特定の天然に存在する抗体の性質を模倣する組換え抗体を発現させることが可能である(例えば、Riechmann, L.ら、(1998) Nature、332: 323〜327; Jones, P.ら、(1986) Nature、321: 522〜525;及びQueen, C.ら、(1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.、86: 10029〜10033を参照)。このようなフレームワーク配列は、生殖系列抗体遺伝子配列を含む公共のDNAデータベースから得ることができる。これらの生殖系列配列は、B細胞成熟の間のV(D)J接合によって形成される完全にアセンブルされた可変遺伝子を含まないので、成熟抗体遺伝子配列と異なることになる。生殖系列遺伝子配列は、可変領域に均等にわたる個々の場所で高親和性二次レパートリー抗体の配列とも異なることになる。
簡単に言えば、健康なドナーからの多形核細胞(PMN)、NK細胞、単球、単核細胞、又は他の効果細胞を、フィコールハイパック密度遠心分離によって精製し、その後、夾雑赤血球を溶解することができる。洗浄した効果細胞を、10%の熱不活化ウシ胎児血清、又は代わりに5%の熱不活化ヒト血清を補充したRPMI中に懸濁させ、効果細胞と標的細胞の様々な比で、腫瘍抗原を発現する51Cr標識標的細胞と混合することができる。代わりに、標的細胞を、蛍光強化リガンド(BATDA)で標識してもよい。死細胞から放出される強化リガンドを含むユウロピウムの高度に蛍光性のキレートを、蛍光光度計によって測定することができる。別の代替の技法では、ルシフェラーゼによる標的細胞のトランスフェクションを利用してもよい。次いで添加したルシファーイエローを、生存細胞のみによって酸化させることができる。次いで精製抗腫瘍抗原IgGを、様々な濃度で添加することができる。無関係のヒトIgGは、陰性対照として使用され得る。アッセイは、使用される効果細胞タイプに応じて、37℃で4〜20時間にわたって実施することができる。培養上清中の51Cr放出又はEuTDAキレートの存在を測定することによって、細胞溶解について試料をアッセイすることができる。代わりに、ルシファーイエローの酸化から生じる蛍光が、生存細胞の尺度であり得る。
モノクローナル抗腫瘍抗原抗体を、様々な公知の技法を使用して、CDCを媒介するこれらの能力について試験することができる。例えば、補体用血清を、当業者に公知の様式で血液から得ることができる。mAbのCDC活性を判定するために、様々な方法を使用することができる。51Cr放出を、例えば測定することができ、膜透過性の上昇を、ヨウ化プロピジウム(PI)排除アッセイを使用して評価することができる。簡単に言えば、標的細胞を洗浄し、5×105個/mlを、室温又は37℃で10〜30分間、様々な濃度のmAbとともにインキュベートすることができる。次いで血清又は血漿を20%(v/v)の最終濃度まで添加し、細胞を37℃で20〜30分間インキュベートすることができる。各試料からのすべての細胞を、FACSチューブ内のPI溶液に添加することができる。次いで混合物を、FACSArrayを使用してフローサイトメトリー分析によって直ちに分析することができる。
アポトーシスを開始する能力を試験するために、モノクローナル抗腫瘍抗原抗体を、例えば、腫瘍抗原陽性腫瘍細胞、又は腫瘍抗原をトランスフェクトされた腫瘍細胞とともに、37℃で約20時間インキュベートすることができる。細胞を回収し、アネキシン-V結合緩衝液(BD biosciences社)中で洗浄し、FITC又はAPCとコンジュゲートされたアネキシンV(BD biosciences社)とともに暗所で15分間インキュベートすることができる。各試料からのすべての細胞を、FACSチューブ内のPI溶液(PBS中10μg/ml)に添加し、フローサイトメトリーによって直ちに評価することができる(上記の通り)。代わりに、モノクローナル抗体による細胞増殖の一般的な阻害は、市販のキットで検出され得る。DELFIA Cell Proliferation Kit(Perkin-Elmer、カタログ番号AD0200)は、マイクロプレート内の増殖中の細胞のDNA合成の間の5-ブロモ-2'-デオキシウリジン(BrdU)取込みの測定に基づく非同位体イムノアッセイである。取り込まれたBrdUは、ユウロピウム標識モノクローナル抗体を使用して検出する。抗体検出を可能にするために、細胞を固定し、Fix溶液を使用してDNAを変性させる。非結合抗体を洗い流し、DELFIA誘導因子を添加して、標識抗体から溶液中にユウロピウムイオンを解離させ、この場合、これらは、DELFIA誘導因子の成分と高度に蛍光性のキレートを形成する。検出において時間分解蛍光測定を利用して測定される蛍光は、各ウェルの細胞内のDNA合成に比例する。
本明細書に記載の抗体はまた、in vivoモデルにおいて(例えば、腫瘍抗原を発現する細胞株を接種された異種移植腫瘍を担持する免疫欠損マウスにおいて)試験して、腫瘍抗原発現腫瘍細胞の増殖の制御におけるこれらの効力を判定することができる。
遺伝的免疫多型の説明的分析
患者ゲノム中の一塩基多型(SNP)の個々のパターンは、治療抗体IMAB362の奏効率について予測的であり得る。このようなSNPパターンを調査するために、すべての患者を、免疫応答及び胃がん感受性における公知の又は推定される役割を用いていくつかのSNPについて遺伝子型同定した。
a.試験される多型に関するあらゆる患者のSNP遺伝子型。
b.患者集団におけるSNP遺伝子型の頻度。
c.IMAB362作用機序(Fc受容体及び補体系多型)を直接的に妨害し得る多型を有する患者の同定。
d.胃がん感受性、がん進行、又はがん処置のリスク因子として記述される患者1人当たりのSNP遺伝子型の蓄積。
e.SNP遺伝子型の臨床転帰との相関。
f.SNP遺伝子型の無増悪生存期間(PFS)との相関。
SNP遺伝子型同定の臨床結果との相関
臨床転帰の遺伝的多型の遺伝子型との相関の目的は、患者の臨床転帰を予測する推定上のSNPバイオマーカー候補の同定である。この分析において同定される推定上のバイオマーカー候補は、後続の第IIb相試験及び第III相試験において検証されることになる。第IIb相における推定上のバイオマーカー候補の検証は、推定上の予後及び予測SNP候補同士間の区別を可能にする。
付随する免疫多型分析の考察
この臨床第IIa相トライアルの主目的は、胃食道腺癌を有する患者における治療的抗CLDN18.2単核抗体(mononuclear antibody)IMAB362の安全性及び効力の評価であった。更に、遺伝的免疫応答多型に対する付随する分析を実施して、IMAB362療法との相関において潜在的な予測又は予後バイオマーカーとして機能を果たし得るパラメータを評価した。
患者のゲノムにおける遺伝的多型は、治療抗体の奏効率を変更することが示されている。奏効率に対する個々の遺伝子の変動の影響を調査するために、免疫応答及び胃がん感受性又は進行における公知の又は推定される役割を有する51個の一塩基多型(SNP)の遺伝子型を患者において判定した。
FCGR2A rs1801274:
過剰又は過少提示されるFCGR2A遺伝子型の検査は、PP集団において、ヘテロ接合rs1801274遺伝子型[CT]を有するすべての患者は、応答者患者であり、部分奏効(PR)を有する患者は、この遺伝子型をもっぱら保有することを明らかにする。非応答者集団において過剰提示されるホモ接合遺伝子型は、[TT]である。これらの頻度分布の単なる観察結果は、[CT]遺伝子型が有益であるか否か又は[TT]が不利であるか否かの結論を可能にしない。SNP遺伝子型の影響を調査するほとんどの試験では、それぞれのホモ接合遺伝子型は、最強の生物学的効果を示し、遺伝子活性の増強とは対照的に両方の対立遺伝子の損なわれた遺伝子機能を反映する劣性作用機序を多くの場合示す。SNP対立遺伝子が遺伝的活性を増大させる場合では、生物学的効果の段階的効果を多くの場合観察することができる:1つの対立遺伝子(即ち、ヘテロ接合)は、遺伝子活性を増大させ、2つの対立遺伝子(即ち、ホモ接合)は、遺伝子活性を更により増大させる。両方の場合において、機能の獲得又は機能の喪失、最強の生物学的/臨床効果が、ホモ接合遺伝子型を有する患者において通常観察される。この仮定の下で、PP及びFAS集団中の非応答者集団におけるホモ接合[TT]遺伝子型の過剰提示は、不利な効果を引き起こす。
MUC1は、ムチンファミリーの膜貫通糖タンパク質である。ムチンは、オリゴ糖及びn-グリカン鎖で広範にN末端細胞外ドメイン内でO-グリコシル化されている高分子量タンパク質である。ムチンは、気道及び胃腸管並びに肝臓、膵臓、及び腎臓の導管を裏打ちしている上皮の頂端表面上で発現される。膜貫通型ムチンは、1つのαヘリックスで膜の内外にまたがり、これらの糖鎖に細胞外空間に対する保護裏層を提供する。細胞外空間内に分泌されるムチンは、粘液ゲル層を構成し、上皮の追加の物理的保護として機能を果たす。
IL-10は、多面発現機能を有する免疫系の重要な調節因子である。IL-10は、マクロファージ依存性抗原特異的T細胞増殖及びT細胞によるサイトカインのマクロファージ依存性産生を阻害することによって抗炎症性、免疫抑制性サイトカインとして作用することが公知である。しかし、IL-10は、B細胞、顆粒球、及び肥満細胞分化及び増殖、並びにNK細胞及びCD8+ T細胞活性化を増強する免疫賦活性サイトカインとしても記述されている。IL-10の多面発現能は、Th2細胞、Treg細胞、Th3細胞、NK T細胞、B細胞、マクロファージ、及び樹状細胞を含めた多くの免疫細胞型におけるIL-10の広範な発現によっても反映される。IL-10のこの二重の役割は、腫瘍促進及び腫瘍阻害能において反映される:マクロファージとしての腫瘍細胞又は腫瘍浸潤免疫細胞によって分泌されるIL-10は、腫瘍細胞が部分的にのみ明らかにされている機構によって免疫学的監視から逃れることを可能にする。記載された1つの機構は、IL-10のような免疫調節性サイトカインの発現を介して末梢性寛容の誘導に寄与するTreg細胞を伴う。報告された別の機構は、樹状細胞による腫瘍関連抗原の交差提示の阻害、したがってT細胞が腫瘍細胞に対する有効な免疫応答を開始することの防止である。一方、悪性腫瘍細胞をIL-10に曝露すると、HLAクラスIタンパク質が下方調節され、NK細胞細胞傷害性に対する感受性が増大する。
rs1550117は、メチル基のエピジェネティック修飾を誘導するDNA中の特異的CpG構造への移動を触媒する酵素DNA(シトシン-5)-メチルトランスフェラーゼ3AをコードするDNMT3A遺伝子中のSNPである。遺伝子型[AA]は、[GG]又は[GA]と比較して胃がんのリスクを増大させることが示されている。本試験では、[AA]は、FAS集団中のわずか1人の患者において見つけることができ、PP集団の患者において見つけることができなかった。これは、[AA]がまた、生存のリスクも付与し、この第IIa相臨床トライアルにおける[AA]キャリアのサード及びフォースライン処置を妨げることを示し得る。[GA]がPPにおける臨床転帰と有意に相関するという知見は、このマーカーがIMAB362処置の予測バイオマーカーとしての潜在性を保持することを示唆する。
rs12456284は、細胞内TGFβ/BMPシグナル伝達コトランスデューサー(co-transducer)「マザーズアゲインストデカペンタプレジック相同体4」をコードするSMAD4遺伝子中のSNPである。[GG]遺伝子型が胃がんのリスクを有意に減少させたことが公開されている。FAS応答者集団における[AA]遺伝子型に対するヘテロ接合[GA]遺伝子型の統計的に有意な過剰提示は、この遺伝子型が予測バイオマーカーとして機能を果たし得ることを示唆する。[GA]を担持するPP集団の患者の長期のPFSは、サポート事実である。
EGF遺伝子のプロモーター領域内の機能的多型rs4444903は、EGFタンパク質レベルをモジュレートすることが観察され、より高い量のEGF因子が[GG]キャリアの血清中で検出された。この多型のG対立遺伝子及び[GG]遺伝子型は、メタ分析において消化器がんのリスクの増大との有意な相関を示した。
細胞接着タンパク質カドヘリン1(E-カドヘリン)は、カルシウム依存性カドヘリンスーパーファミリーのメンバーである。機能の喪失は、がんの進行に関与している。CDH1プロモーター内のrs16260[A]対立遺伝子は、カドヘリン1の転写効率を低減することが実証されている。更に、CDH1の-160A対立遺伝子は、胃がんの発生の感受性因子として記載されている。
2つのSNP rs11615(ERCC1、DNA修復タンパク質「除去修復交差相補群1」)及びrs396991(FCGR3A、低親和性免疫グロブリンガンマFc領域受容体III-A)はともに、遺伝子型(ERCC1[TT]、FCGR3A[TG]、及び[TT])の長期のPFSとの相関を示す。これは、これらのSNPが予測又は予後バイオマーカーであることを示唆し得る。
Ganymed Pharmaceuticals AGら
「がん処置の治療有効性及びがん予後を予測するための方法及び組成物」
当社のリファレンス: 342-85 PCT
生体物質についての追加のシート
さらなる寄託の識別:
1)寄託物(DSM ACC2738、DSM ACC2739、DSM ACC2740、DSM ACC2741、DSM ACC2742、DSM ACC2743、DSM ACC-2745、DSM ACC2746、DSM ACC2747、DSM ACC2748)の寄託機関の名称及び住所:
DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
Mascheroder Weg 1b
38124 Braunschweig
DE
2)寄託物(DSM ACC2808、DSM ACC2809、DSM ACC2810)の受託機関の名称及び住所:
DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
Inhoffenstr. 7 B
38124 Braunschweig
DE
- マウス(Mus musculus)脾細胞に融合したマウス(Mus musculus)骨髄腫P3X63Ag8U.1
- ヒトクローディン-18A2に対するハイブリドーマ分泌抗体
3)寄託者:
すべての上述した寄託は下記によって行われた。
Ganymed Pharmaceuticals AG
Freiligrathstrasse 12
55131 Mainz
DE
Claims (11)
- (i)腫瘍抗原陽性腫瘍を有するがん患者が、腫瘍抗原に対する抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者であるか否か、及び/又は
(ii)腫瘍抗原陽性腫瘍を有するがん患者が、無増悪生存期間を経験することになるか否か
を評価する方法であって、腫瘍抗原がCLDN18.2タンパク質であり、患者から得られる試料中のMUC1 rs4072037、IL-10 rs1800896、DNMT3A rs1550117、SMAD4 rs12456284、EGF rs4444903、CDH1 rs16260、及びERCC1 rs11615からなる群から選択される1種又は複数の一塩基多型の遺伝子型を判定する工程を含み、
(a)ホモ接合MUC1 rs4072037[AA]遺伝子型の存在が、がん患者が抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者でないというリスクの低減及び/又はがん患者が無増悪生存期間を経験しないというリスクの低減を示す;
(b)ホモ接合MUC1 rs4072037[GG]遺伝子型の存在が、がん患者が抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者でないというリスクの増大及び/又はがん患者が無増悪生存期間を経験しないというリスクの増大を示す;
(c)ホモ接合IL-10 rs1800896[GG]遺伝子型の存在が、がん患者が抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者でないというリスクの低減及び/又はがん患者が無増悪生存期間を経験しないというリスクの低減を示す;
(d)ヘテロ接合DNMT3A rs1550117[GA]遺伝子型の存在が、がん患者が抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者でないというリスクの低減及び/又はがん患者が無増悪生存期間を経験しないというリスクの低減を示す;
(e)ヘテロ接合SMAD4 rs12456284[GA]遺伝子型の存在が、がん患者が抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者でないというリスクの低減及び/又はがん患者が無増悪生存期間を経験しないというリスクの低減を示す;
(f)ホモ接合EGF rs4444903[AA]遺伝子型の存在が、がん患者が抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者でないというリスクの低減及び/又はがん患者が無増悪生存期間を経験しないというリスクの低減を示す;
(g)ホモ接合CDH1 rs16260[AA]遺伝子型の存在が、がん患者が抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者でないというリスクの低減及び/又はがん患者が無増悪生存期間を経験しないというリスクの低減を示す;及び
(h)ホモ接合ERCC1 rs11615[TT]遺伝子型の存在が、がん患者が抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者でないというリスクの低減及び/又はがん患者が無増悪生存期間を経験しないというリスクの低減を示す、方法。 - 抗体が、患者の免疫系を動員して腫瘍細胞を破壊することによって、好ましくは抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞傷害(ADCC)及び/又は補体依存性細胞傷害(CDC)によって、作用する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 抗体が、配列番号17若しくは51によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む重鎖、及び配列番号24によって表されるアミノ酸配列又はその断片を含む軽鎖を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- CLDN18.2に対して陽性である腫瘍を有するがん患者の処置の方法における使用のための医薬の製造における、CLDN18.2に結合する抗体の使用であって、前記患者が、前記抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者でないリスクが低減していることによって特徴づけされ、前記方法が、がん患者が、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者であるか否かを評価する工程と、患者が、抗体を用いた処置に対する応答者でないリスクが低減している場合、前記抗体を用いてがん患者を処置する工程とを含む、使用。
- 治療レジメンが、抗体が腫瘍抗原に向けられている抗体-薬物コンジュゲートを用いた処置を含み、抗体-薬物コンジュゲートが、好ましくは放射性、化学療法剤、又は毒素部分にカップリングした抗体であり、または抗体-薬物コンジュゲートが、細胞増殖抑制性又は細胞傷害性化合物にカップリングした抗体である、請求項4に記載の使用。
- 腫瘍が固形腫瘍である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 腫瘍が胃食道腫瘍である、請求項1から3及び6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 腫瘍が、胃又は下部食道の進行した腺癌である、請求項1から3、6及び7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 腫瘍が固形腫瘍である、請求項4又は5に記載の使用。
- 腫瘍が胃食道腫瘍である、請求項4、5及び9のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 腫瘍が、胃又は下部食道の進行した腺癌である、請求項4、5、9及び10のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
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