JP6955839B2 - 合わせガラス及び合わせガラスの取り付け方法 - Google Patents
合わせガラス及び合わせガラスの取り付け方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6955839B2 JP6955839B2 JP2015508908A JP2015508908A JP6955839B2 JP 6955839 B2 JP6955839 B2 JP 6955839B2 JP 2015508908 A JP2015508908 A JP 2015508908A JP 2015508908 A JP2015508908 A JP 2015508908A JP 6955839 B2 JP6955839 B2 JP 6955839B2
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
Description
上記第1,第2の樹脂層は熱可塑性樹脂を含む。該熱可塑性樹脂は特に限定されない。熱可塑性樹脂として、従来公知の熱可塑性樹脂を用いることができる。熱可塑性樹脂は1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。上記第1の樹脂層中の熱可塑性樹脂と、上記第2の樹脂層中の熱可塑性樹脂とは同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。
中間膜の接着力をより一層高める観点からは、上記第1の樹脂層は可塑剤を含むことが好ましく、上記第2の樹脂層は可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1,第2の樹脂層中の熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂である場合に、上記第1,第2の樹脂層はそれぞれ、可塑剤を含むことが特に好ましい。
成分X:
上記第2の樹脂層は、遮熱性化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層は、フタロシアニン化合物、ナフタロシアニン化合物及びアントラシアニン化合物の内の少なくとも1種の成分Xを含むことが好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層は、フタロシアニン化合物、ナフタロシアニン化合物及びアントラシアニン化合物の内の少なくとも1種の成分Xを含むか、又は、後述する遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の樹脂層は、上記成分Xを含んでいてもよい。上記成分Xは遮熱性化合物である。中間膜全体で少なくとも1層に上記成分Xを用いることにより、赤外線(熱線)を効果的に遮断できる。上記第2の樹脂層が上記成分Xを含むことにより、赤外線をより一層効果的に遮断できる。
上記第2の樹脂層は、遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の樹脂層は、遮熱粒子を含んでいてもよい。遮熱粒子は遮熱性化合物である。中間膜全体で少なくとも1層に遮熱性化合物を用いることにより、赤外線(熱線)を効果的に遮断できる。上記第2の樹脂層が遮熱粒子を含むことにより、赤外線をより一層効果的に遮断できる。
上記式(X1)において、Wはタングステン、Oは酸素を表し、y及びzは2.0<z/y<3.0を満たす。
上記式(X2)において、Mは、H、He、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、希土類元素、Mg、Zr、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ir、Ni、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb、Sb、B、F、P、S、Se、Br、Te、Ti、Nb、V、Mo、Ta及びReからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素、Wはタングステン、Oは酸素を表し、x、y及びzは、0.001≦x/y≦1、及び2.0<z/y≦3.0を満たす。
上記第1の樹脂層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の樹脂層と上記第2の樹脂層との双方が、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことがより好ましい。紫外線遮蔽剤の使用により、中間膜及び合わせガラスが長期間使用されても、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。該紫外線遮蔽剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記第1の樹脂層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の樹脂層と上記第2の樹脂層との双方が酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。該酸化防止剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記第1の樹脂層と上記第2の樹脂層との内の少なくとも一方が、接着力調整剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の樹脂層は、接着力調整剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層は、接着力調整剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の樹脂層と上記第2の樹脂層との双方が、接着力調整剤を含むことがより好ましい。接着力調整剤の使用により、中間膜とガラスの接着性が制御され、耐貫通性に優れた合わせガラスが得られる。さらに、耐貫通性の試験として、落球試験を行った場合に、上記第1の樹脂層及び上記第2の樹脂層が接着力調整剤を含むことにより、合わせガラスのガラスの破片を小さくすることができるという効果が得られる。特に、接着力調整剤が金属塩であると、合わせガラスのガラスの破片がより一層小さくなる。上記接着力調整剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜は、必要に応じて、光安定剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、顔料、染料、耐湿剤及び蛍光増白剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜は、第1の合わせガラス部材と第2の合わせガラス部材との間に配置されて用いられることが好ましい。
本発明に係る合わせガラスは、第1の合わせガラス部材と、第2の合わせガラス部材と、該第1,第2の合わせガラス部材の間に配置された中間膜とを備える。該中間膜が、上述した合わせガラス用中間膜である。上記合わせガラス用中間膜における上記第1の樹脂層の外側に、上記第1の合わせガラス部材が配置されている。上記合わせガラス用中間膜における上記第2の樹脂層の外側に上記第2の合わせガラス部材が配置されている。
本発明に係る合わせガラスの取り付け方法は、上述した合わせガラスを、建築物又は車両において外部空間と該外部空間から熱線が入射される内部空間との間の開口部に取り付ける方法である。
下記の表1に示すポリビニルブチラール樹脂PVB1〜PVB7(いずれも、n−ブチルアルデヒドによりアセタール化されているポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB))を用意した。
3GO(トリエチレングリコールジ−2−エチルヘキサノエート)
T−326(紫外線遮蔽剤、2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−3’−t−ブチル−5−メチルフェニル)−5−クロロベンゾトリアゾール、BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)
BHT(酸化防止剤、2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−p−クレゾール)
ITO(ITO粒子、錫ドープ酸化インジウム粒子)
CWO(CWO粒子、セシウムドープ酸化タングステン(Cs0.33WO3)粒子)
43V(成分X、フタロシアニン化合物、中心金属としてバナジウムを含有する、山田化学社製「NIR−43V」)
金属塩(接着力調整剤、酢酸マグネシウム四水和物)
XIR−75(金属箔付き樹脂フィルム、Southwall Technologies社製「XIR−75」)
多層フィルム(3M、多層樹脂フィルム、住友スリーエム社製「マルチレイヤー Nano 80S」)
クリアガラス(縦300cm×横300cm×厚み2mm)
グリーンガラス(JIS R3208に準拠した熱線吸収板ガラス、縦300cm×横300cm×厚み2mm)
ライトグリーンガラス(JIS R3208に準拠した熱線吸収板ガラス、縦300cm×横300cm×厚み2mm)
ダークグリーンガラス(JIS R3208に準拠した熱線吸収板ガラス、縦300cm×横300cm×厚み2mm)
UVグリーンガラス(JIS R3208に準拠した熱線吸収板ガラス、縦300cm×横300cm×厚み2mm)
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB1)100重量部に対し、可塑剤(3GO)40重量部と、紫外線遮蔽剤(T−326)0.8重量部と、酸化防止剤(BHT)0.2重量部と、酢酸マグネシウム四水和物を得られる樹脂層A1中で金属元素濃度が45.6ppmとなる量とを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物を得た。
配合成分の種類及び配合量を下記の表2に示すように設定したこと以外は樹脂層A1と同様にして、厚み380μmの単層の樹脂層A2〜A7を得た。
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB1)100重量部に対し、可塑剤(3GO)40重量部と、紫外線遮蔽剤(T−326)0.2重量部と、酸化防止剤(BHT)0.2重量部と、酢酸マグネシウム四水和物を得られる樹脂層A8中で金属元素濃度が45.6ppmとなる量とを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物を得た。
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB1)100重量部に対し、可塑剤(3GO)40重量部と、紫外線遮蔽剤(T−326)0.2重量部と、酸化防止剤(BHT)0.2重量部と、酢酸マグネシウム四水和物を得られる樹脂層A9中で金属元素濃度が45.6ppmとなる量とを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物を得た。
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB1)100重量部に対し、可塑剤(3GO)40重量部と、酢酸マグネシウム四水和物を得られる表面層中で金属元素濃度が45.6ppmとなる量(得られる樹脂層A10中で36.48ppmとなる量)とを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、表面層用の組成物を得た。ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB5)100重量部に対し、可塑剤(3GO)60重量部を添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、コア層用の組成物を得た。表面層用の組成物とコア層用の組成物とを押出機により共押出しして、厚み500μmの多層の樹脂層A10を得た。得られた樹脂層A10は、表面層(厚み200μm)/コア層(厚み100μm)/表面層(厚み200μm)の積層構造を有する。
配合成分の種類及び含有量を下記の表3に示すように設定したこと以外は樹脂層A10と同様にして、厚み500μmの3層の樹脂層A11〜A14を作製した。
配合成分の種類及び配合量を下記の表4に示すように設定したこと以外は樹脂層A1と同様にして、厚み380μmの単層の樹脂層A15〜A17を得た。
配合成分の種類及び含有量を下記の表5に示すように設定したこと以外は樹脂層A10と同様にして、厚み500μmの3層の樹脂層A18〜A20を作製した。
可塑剤(3GO)40重量部に対し、遮熱粒子(ITO)を得られる樹脂層B1中で0.4重量%となる量と、成分X(43V)を得られる樹脂層B1中で0.008重量%となる量とを添加し、混合し、可塑剤分散液を得た。
配合成分の種類及び含有量を下記の表6に示すように設定したこと以外は樹脂層B1と同様にして、厚み380μmの単層の樹脂層B2〜B21を作製した。
(1)合わせガラス用中間膜の作製
赤外線反射層として、XIR−75(金属箔付き樹脂フィルム、Southwall Technologies社製「XIR−75」)を用意した。
得られた中間膜を、縦30cm×横30cmの大きさに切断した。また、2枚のクリアガラス(縦30cm×横30cm×厚み2.5mm)を用意した。この2枚のクリアガラスの間に、得られた中間膜を挟み込み、真空ラミネーターにて90℃で30分間保持し、真空プレスし、積層体を得た。積層体において、ガラス板からはみ出た中間膜部分を切り落とし、合わせガラスを得た。
第1,第2の樹脂層の種類、赤外線反射層の種類、並びに第1,第2の合わせガラス部材の種類を下記の表7に示すように設定したこと以外は参考例1と同様にして、中間膜及び合わせガラスを作製した。
赤外線反射層を用いずに、得られた樹脂層A1と得られた樹脂層B5とを積層して、中間膜を得た。得られた中間膜を用いたこと、並びに第1,第2の合わせガラス部材をグリーンガラスに変更したこと以外は参考例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを得た。
参考例1と同じ赤外線反射層を、得られた樹脂層A1と得られた樹脂層A1との間に挟み込んで、中間膜を得た。得られた中間膜を用いたこと以外は参考例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを得た。
赤外線反射層として、多層フィルム(3M、多層樹脂フィルム、住友スリーエム社製「マルチレイヤー Nano 80S」)を用意した。
赤外線反射層として、多層フィルム(3M、多層樹脂フィルム、住友スリーエム社製「マルチレイヤー Nano 80S」)を用意した。
赤外線反射層を用いずに、得られた樹脂層A1と得られた樹脂層B1とを積層して、中間膜を得た。得られた中間膜を用いたこと以外は参考例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを得た。
(1)可視光線透過率(A光Y値、A−Y(380〜780nm))の測定
分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U−4100」)を用いて、JIS R3211(1988)に準拠して、得られた合わせガラスの波長380〜780nmにおける上記可視光線透過率を測定した。
分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U−4100」)を用いて、ISO 13837に準拠して、得られた合わせガラスの波長300〜2500nmでのTdsを測定した。
ISO 13837に準拠して、分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U−4100」)を用いて、波長300〜2500nmの透過率/反射率を測定して、Ttsを算出した。
耐貫通性を下記の基準で判定した。
得られた合わせガラス(縦30cm×横30cm)を、表面温度が23℃となるように調整した。次いで、JIS R3212に準拠して、5mの高さから、6枚の合わせガラスに対してそれぞれ、質量2260g及び直径82mmの剛球を、合わせガラスの中心部分に落下させた。6枚の合わせガラス全てについて、剛球が衝突した後5秒以内に剛球が貫通しなかった場合を合格(○)とした。剛球が衝突した後5秒以内に剛球が貫通しなかった合わせガラスが3枚以下であった場合は不合格(×)とした。4枚の場合には、新しく6枚の合わせガラスの耐貫通性を評価した。5枚の場合には、新しく1枚の合わせガラスを追加試験し、剛球が衝突した後5秒以内に剛球が貫通しなかった場合を合格とした。同様の方法で、5m及び6m及び7mの高さから、6枚の合わせガラスに対してそれぞれ、質量2260g及び直径82mmの剛球を、合わせガラスの中心部分に落下させ、合わせガラスの耐貫通性を評価した。なお、金属塩を含まない樹脂層を用いた実施例36〜39については、他の実施例及び参考例と比較して、ガラスの破片が大きくなる傾向があった。なお、いずれの実施例、参考例及び比較例においても、剛球を落下させる高さが5m、6m及び7mの場合のいずれも合格(○)であった。
1a…第1の表面
1b…第2の表面
2…赤外線反射層
2a…第1の表面
2b…第2の表面
3…第1の樹脂層
3a…外側の表面
4…第2の樹脂層
4a…外側の表面
11…合わせガラス
21…第1の合わせガラス部材
22…第2の合わせガラス部材
Claims (12)
- 第1の合わせガラス部材と、
第2の合わせガラス部材と、
合わせガラス用中間膜とを備え、
前記合わせガラス用中間膜が、前記第1の合わせガラス部材と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に配置されており、
前記合わせガラス用中間膜が、赤外線を反射する赤外線反射層と、前記赤外線反射層の第1の表面側に配置されており、かつ熱可塑性樹脂を含む第1の樹脂層と、前記赤外線反射層の前記第1の表面とは反対の第2の表面側に配置されており、かつ熱可塑性樹脂と遮熱粒子とを含む第2の樹脂層とを備え、
前記合わせガラス用中間膜における前記第1の樹脂層の外側に、前記第1の合わせガラス部材が配置されており、かつ前記合わせガラス用中間膜における前記第2の樹脂層の外側に、前記第2の合わせガラス部材が配置されており、
前記第2の樹脂層は、前記遮熱粒子を0.1g/m2以上12g/m2以下の割合で含有し、
前記第1の樹脂層と前記第2の樹脂層との内の少なくとも一方が、接着力調整剤を含み、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材の波長780〜2100nmにおける赤外線透過率が、前記第2の合わせガラス部材の波長780〜2100nmにおける赤外線透過率よりも10%以上高く、
前記第1の樹脂層の波長780〜2100nmにおける赤外線透過率が、前記第2の樹脂層の波長780〜2100nmにおける赤外線透過率よりも10%以上高い、合わせガラス。 - 前記第1の樹脂層の波長780〜2100nmにおける赤外線透過率が、前記第2の樹脂層の波長780〜2100nmにおける赤外線透過率よりも30%以上高い、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記赤外線反射層が、金属箔付き樹脂フィルム、樹脂層上に金属層及び誘電層が形成された多層積層フィルム、多層樹脂フィルム又は液晶フィルムである、請求項1又は2に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記第1の樹脂層と前記第2の樹脂層との双方が、前記接着力調整剤を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記第2の樹脂層が、前記遮熱粒子として金属酸化物粒子を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記金属酸化物粒子が、錫ドープ酸化インジウム粒子又は酸化タングステン粒子である、請求項5に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記第2の樹脂層が、フタロシアニン化合物、ナフタロシアニン化合物及びアントラシアニン化合物の内の少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記第1の樹脂層中の前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリビニルアセタール樹脂であり、
前記第2の樹脂層中の前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリビニルアセタール樹脂である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。 - 前記第1の樹脂層が可塑剤を含み、
前記第2の樹脂層が可塑剤を含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。 - 前記第1の樹脂層が紫外線遮蔽剤を含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記第2の樹脂層が紫外線遮蔽剤を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラスを、建築物又は車両において、外部空間と前記外部空間から熱線が入射される内部空間との間の開口部に取り付ける方法であって、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材が、前記外部空間側に位置するように、かつ前記第2の合わせガラス部材が前記内部空間側に位置するように、前記合わせガラスを前記開口部に取り付ける、合わせガラスの取り付け方法。
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