TW202003237A - 層合玻璃用中間膜及層合玻璃 - Google Patents
層合玻璃用中間膜及層合玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202003237A TW202003237A TW108111418A TW108111418A TW202003237A TW 202003237 A TW202003237 A TW 202003237A TW 108111418 A TW108111418 A TW 108111418A TW 108111418 A TW108111418 A TW 108111418A TW 202003237 A TW202003237 A TW 202003237A
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- laminated glass
- resin layer
- layer
- resin
- interlayer film
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Images
Classifications
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
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Abstract
本發明提供一種可提高隔熱性且抑制銀之凝集而可維持較高之隔熱性之層合玻璃用中間膜。
本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜具有紅外線反射層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層，於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層，上述紅外線反射層包含銀層，且於上述銀層之In-Plane XRD測定中，(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為1.3以下，或者(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為2.0以下。
Description
本發明係關於一種具有紅外線反射層之層合玻璃用中間膜。又，本發明係關於一種使用上述層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃。
層合玻璃一般即便受到外部衝擊而破損，玻璃碎片之飛散量亦較少而安全性優異。因此，上述層合玻璃廣泛地用於汽車、軌道車輛、航空器、船舶及建築物等。上述層合玻璃係藉由於一對玻璃板之間夾入層合玻璃用中間膜而製造。此種用於車輛及建築物之開口部之層合玻璃要求較高之隔熱性。
為了提高隔熱性，有時使用具備紅外線反射層之中間膜。具備紅外線反射層之中間膜揭示於下述專利文獻1中。
於專利文獻1中，作為上述紅外線反射層，例如可列舉：Au、Ag、Cu、Al、Pd、Pt、Sn、In、Zn、Ti、Cd、Fe、Co、Cr、Ni等之金屬膜；該等金屬之2種以上之合金膜；積層有藉由TiO2
、Nb2
O5
、Ta2
O5
、SiO2
、Al2
O3
、ZrO2
、MgF2
等所形成之介電層之多層膜。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2017-81775號公報
[發明所欲解決之問題]
例如，使用中間膜之層合玻璃係安裝於車輛之開口部。對於安裝於車輛之開口部之層合玻璃照射太陽光，從而該層合玻璃暴露於高溫下。又，車輛之層合玻璃亦暴露於高濕度下。
於專利文獻1中，揭示有具有藉由金屬所形成之金屬膜之紅外線反射層。使用該紅外線反射層之層合玻璃有時因熱及濕度而導致上述金屬膜中之金屬之凝集進行。結果為，無法維持較高之隔熱性，或者隔熱性產生不均。
本發明之目的在於提供一種可提高隔熱性且抑制銀之凝集而可維持較高之隔熱性之層合玻璃用中間膜。又，本發明之目的亦在於提供一種使用上述層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃。
[解決問題之技術手段]
根據本發明之廣泛態樣，提供一種層合玻璃用中間膜(以下，有時記載為中間膜)，其具有紅外線反射層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層，於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層，上述紅外線反射層包含銀層，且於上述銀層之In-Plane XRD(X-ray diffraction，X射線繞射)測定中，(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為1.3以下，或者(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為2.0以下。
於本發明之層合玻璃之某一特定態樣中，於上述銀層之In-Plane XRD測定中，(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為1.3以下，且(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為2.0以下。
於本發明之層合玻璃之某一特定態樣中，上述紅外線反射層包含樹脂膜、及上述銀層，且上述銀層配置於上述樹脂膜之至少一表面上。
於本發明之層合玻璃之某一特定態樣中，上述第1樹脂層包含紫外線遮蔽劑。
於本發明之層合玻璃之某一特定態樣中，上述第1樹脂層包含隔熱性物質。
上述第1樹脂層中之上述熱塑性樹脂較佳為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂。
較佳為上述第1樹脂層包含塑化劑。
於本發明之層合玻璃之某一特定態樣中，上述中間膜具備第2樹脂層，且於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層。
於本發明之層合玻璃之某一特定態樣中，上述第2樹脂層包含紫外線遮蔽劑。
上述第2樹脂層中之上述熱塑性樹脂較佳為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂。
較佳為上述第2樹脂層包含塑化劑。
根據本發明之廣泛態樣，提供一種層合玻璃，其具備第1層合玻璃構件、第2層合玻璃構件、及上述層合玻璃用中間膜，上述中間膜具有第2樹脂層，或者不具有第2樹脂層，於上述中間膜具有上述第2樹脂層之情形時，於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層，於上述中間膜具有上述第2樹脂層之情形時，於上述第1樹脂層之外側配置有上述第1層合玻璃構件，於上述第2樹脂層之外側配置有上述第2層合玻璃構件，於上述中間膜不具有上述第2樹脂層之情形時，於上述第1樹脂層之外側配置有上述第1層合玻璃構件，於上述紅外線反射層之外側配置有上述第2層合玻璃構件。
於本發明之層合玻璃之某一特定態樣中，上述層合玻璃係於建築物或車輛中，以於外部空間與供熱線自上述外部空間入射之內部空間之間之開口部上述第2層合玻璃構件位於上述外部空間側且上述第1層合玻璃構件位於上述內部空間側之方式安裝者。
[發明之效果]
本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜具有紅外線反射層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層。於本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜中，於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層。於本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜中，上述紅外線反射層包含銀層。於本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜中，於上述銀層之In-Plane XRD測定中，(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為1.3以下，或者(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為2.0以下。本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜具備上述構成，因此可提高隔熱性且抑制銀之凝集而可維持較高之隔熱性。
以下，對本發明詳細地進行說明。
(層合玻璃用中間膜)
本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜(以下，有時記載為中間膜)具有紅外線反射層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層。於本發明之中間膜中，於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層。於本發明之中間膜中，上述紅外線反射層包含銀層。於本發明之中間膜中，於上述銀層之In-Plane XRD測定中，(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為1.3以下，或者(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為2.0以下。
本發明之中間膜由於具備上述構成，故而可提高隔熱性且抑制銀之凝集而可維持較高之隔熱性。使用本發明之中間膜之層合玻璃例如可於建築物或車輛中，以於外部空間與供熱線自上述外部空間入射之內部空間之間之開口部上述第1樹脂層位於上述內部空間側之方式安裝。於該情形時，太陽光等熱線係由紅外線反射層有效地反射。又，即便暴露於太陽光等熱線中，於上述紅外線反射層中之上述銀層中，亦不易產生銀之凝集。進而，即便在高濕度下，於上述紅外線反射層中之上述銀層中，亦不易產生銀之凝集。因此，可維持較高之隔熱性，而可使隔熱性不易產生不均。
於本發明之中間膜中，於(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為1.3以下之情形時，(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬亦可不為2.0以下。於本發明之中間膜中，於(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為2.0以下之情形時，(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬亦可不為1.3以下。就進一步抑制銀之凝集而有效地維持較高之隔熱性之觀點而言，於本發明之中間膜中，較佳為(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為1.3以下，且(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為2.0以下。
作為使(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬成為1.3以下，或者使(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬成為2.0以下之方法，可列舉調整濺鍍功率、氬氣流量、濺鍍時之壓力之方法。於製作本發明之中間膜時，例如可藉由以較1200 W強之輸出條件進行濺鍍，將(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬調整為1.3以下，或者將(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬調整為2.0以下。
就進一步抑制銀之凝集而有效地維持較高之隔熱性之觀點而言，(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬較佳為1.2以下，更佳為1.1以下。
就進一步抑制銀之凝集而有效地維持較高之隔熱性之觀點而言，(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬較佳為1.9以下，更佳為1.8以下。
上述銀層之(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬、及(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬係以如下方式測定。
使用理學電氣公司製造之ATX-G型表面結構評價用多功能X射線繞射裝置，並藉由掃描軸2θχ/f(In-Plane繞射法)測定繞射光譜。進行2θ：約38°・(111)繞射面及2θ：約44°・(200)面之輪廓擬合，而算出波峰之半值寬。
就進一步提高經由層合玻璃之視認性之觀點而言，上述中間膜之可見光線透過率較佳為20%以上，更佳為50%以上，進而較佳為70%以上。就進一步提高經由層合玻璃之視認性之觀點而言，上述層合玻璃之可見光線透過率較佳為20%以上，更佳為50%以上，進而較佳為70%以上。
上述可見光線透過率係使用分光光度計(日立高新技術公司製造之「U-4100」)，並依據JIS R3211：1998，於波長380 nm~780 nm下進行測定。
上述中間膜之上述可見光線透過率亦可將上述中間膜配置於透明玻璃與綠玻璃之間而測定。
就進一步提高隔熱性之觀點而言，上述中間膜之日射獲取率較佳為60%以下，更佳為59%以下，進而較佳為58%以下。就進一步提高隔熱性之觀點而言，上述層合玻璃之日射獲取率較佳為60%以下，更佳為59%以下，進而較佳為58%以下。
上述日射獲取率係以如下方式測定、算出。
可使用分光光度計(日立高新技術公司製造之「U-4100」)，並依據ISO 13837，測定所獲得之層合玻璃之波長300 nm~2500 nm下之透過率/反射率，從而算出上述日射獲取率。
上述中間膜之上述日射獲取率亦可將上述中間膜配置於透明玻璃與綠玻璃之間而測定。
上述中間膜具有第2樹脂層，或者不具有第2樹脂層。就進一步提高層合玻璃構件與中間膜之接著性之觀點而言，上述中間膜亦可具有第2樹脂層。於上述中間膜具有上述第2樹脂層之情形時，於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層。
上述中間膜亦可被捲繞成卷狀而被製成中間膜之輥體。輥體可具備卷芯及中間膜。中間膜可捲繞於卷芯之外周。
以下，一面參照圖式，一面對本發明之具體實施形態進行說明。
圖1係模式性地表示本發明之第1實施形態之層合玻璃用中間膜之剖視圖。
圖1所示之中間膜11係具有3層以上之構造之多層中間膜。中間膜11係用以獲得層合玻璃。中間膜11係層合玻璃用中間膜。中間膜11具備紅外線反射層1、第1樹脂層2、及第2樹脂層3。於紅外線反射層1之第1表面1a側配置並積層有第1樹脂層2。於紅外線反射層1之與第1表面1a相反之第2表面1b側配置並積層有第2樹脂層3。紅外線反射層1係中間層。第1樹脂層2及第2樹脂層3分別為保護層，於本實施形態中為表面層。紅外線反射層1配置並夾入於第1樹脂層2與第2樹脂層3之間。因此，中間膜11具有依序積層第1樹脂層2、紅外線反射層1及第2樹脂層3而成之多層構造(第1樹脂層2/紅外線反射層1/第2樹脂層3)。
圖2係模式性地表示本發明之第2實施形態之層合玻璃用中間膜之剖視圖。
圖2所示之中間膜11A係具有2層構造之多層中間膜。中間膜11A係用以獲得層合玻璃。中間膜11A係層合玻璃用中間膜。中間膜11A具備紅外線反射層1、及第1樹脂層2。於紅外線反射層1之第1表面1a側配置並積層有第1樹脂層2。中間膜11A具有依序積層第1樹脂層2、及紅外線反射層1而成之多層構造(第1樹脂層2/紅外線反射層1)。
再者，亦可於第1樹脂層2與紅外線反射層1之間、及紅外線反射層1與第2樹脂層3之間分別配置其他層。第1樹脂層2與紅外線反射層1、及紅外線反射層1與第2樹脂層3較佳為分別直接積層。作為其他層，可列舉接著層、及含有聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯等之層。
以下，對構成本發明之中間膜及層合玻璃之各構件之其他詳細內容進行說明。
(紅外線反射層)
上述紅外線反射層會反射紅外線。上述紅外線反射層只要具有反射紅外線之性能，則無特別限定。
就抑制銀之凝集而維持較高之隔熱性之觀點而言，上述紅外線反射層包含銀層。上述銀層可為1層，亦可為2層以上。就進一步抑制銀之凝集而有效地維持較高之隔熱性之觀點而言，上述銀層較佳為銀濺鍍層。上述銀濺鍍層可藉由銀濺鍍而形成。
就提高操作性之觀點而言，上述紅外線反射層較佳為包含樹脂膜、及上述銀層。較佳為上述銀層配置於上述樹脂膜之至少一表面上。上述銀層可僅配置於上述樹脂膜之第1表面上，亦可配置於上述樹脂膜之第1表面上、及與該第1表面相反之第2表面上。
就反射紅外線之性能優異之方面而言，較佳為上述紅外線反射層具有於800 nm~2000 nm之範圍內之至少1個波長下紅外線透過率為40%以下之性質。再者，下述實施例中所使用之紅外線反射層之紅外線透過率滿足上述較佳之條件。於800 nm~2000 nm之範圍內之至少1個波長下，紅外線透過率更佳為30%以下，進而較佳為20%以下。
上述紅外線反射層之波長800 nm~2000 nm之範圍內之各波長之透過率具體而言係以如下方式測定。準備單獨之紅外線反射層。使用分光光度計(日立高新技術公司製造之「U-4100」)，並依據JIS R3106：1998或JIS R3107：2013而獲得紅外線反射層之波長800 nm~2000 nm內之各波長之分光透過率。較佳為依據JIS R3107：2013獲得紅外線反射層之波長800 nm~2000 nm內之各波長之分光透過率。
(第1樹脂層及第2樹脂層)
熱塑性樹脂：
第1樹脂層包含熱塑性樹脂(以下，有時記載為熱塑性樹脂(1))。第1樹脂層較佳為包含聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(以下，有時記載為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(1))作為熱塑性樹脂(1)。第2樹脂層包含熱塑性樹脂(以下，有時記載為熱塑性樹脂(2))。第2樹脂層較佳為包含聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(以下，有時記載為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(2))作為熱塑性樹脂(2)。
上述熱塑性樹脂(1)與上述熱塑性樹脂(2)可相同，亦可不同。上述熱塑性樹脂(1)及上述熱塑性樹脂(2)分別可僅使用1種，亦可將2種以上併用。上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(1)及上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(2)分別可僅使用1種，亦可將2種以上併用。
作為上述熱塑性樹脂，可列舉：聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物樹脂、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂、聚乙烯醇樹脂、聚烯烴樹脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂及離子聚合物樹脂等。亦可使用該等以外之熱塑性樹脂。
上述熱塑性樹脂較佳為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂。藉由併用聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂與塑化劑，而樹脂層對層合玻璃構件及紅外線反射層等其他層之接著力進一步提高。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂例如可藉由利用醛使聚乙烯醇(PVA)縮醛化而製造。上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂較佳為聚乙烯醇之縮醛化物。上述聚乙烯醇例如係藉由使聚乙酸乙烯酯皂化而獲得。上述聚乙烯醇之皂化度一般為70~99.9莫耳%之範圍內。
上述聚乙烯醇(PVA)之平均聚合度較佳為200以上，更佳為500以上，進一步較佳為1500以上，進而較佳為1600以上，尤佳為2600以上，最佳為2700以上，較佳為5000以下，更佳為4000以下，進而較佳為3500以下。若上述平均聚合度為上述下限以上，則層合玻璃之耐貫通性進一步提高。若上述平均聚合度為上述上限以下，則樹脂層之成形變得容易。
上述聚乙烯醇之平均聚合度係藉由依據JIS K6726「聚乙烯醇試驗方法」之方法而求出。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂中所包含之縮醛基之碳數並無特別限定。製造上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂時所使用之醛並無特別限定。上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂中之縮醛基之碳數較佳為3~5，更佳為3或4。若上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂中之縮醛基之碳數為3以上，則樹脂層之玻璃轉移溫度變得充分低。
上述醛並無特別限定。通常較佳地使用碳數為1~10之醛。作為上述碳數為1~10之醛，例如可列舉：丙醛、正丁醛、異丁醛、正戊醛、2-乙基丁醛、正己醛、正辛醛、正壬醛、正癸醛、甲醛、乙醛及苯甲醛等。較佳為丙醛、正丁醛、異丁醛、正己醛或正戊醛，更佳為丙醛、正丁醛或異丁醛，進而較佳為正丁醛。上述醛可僅使用1種，亦可將2種以上併用。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之羥基之含有率(羥基量)較佳為15莫耳%以上，更佳為18莫耳%以上，進而較佳為20莫耳%以上，尤佳為28莫耳%以上，較佳為40莫耳%以下，更佳為35莫耳%以下，進而較佳為32莫耳%以下。若上述羥基之含有率為上述下限以上，則樹脂層之接著力進一步提高。又，若上述羥基之含有率為上述上限以下，則樹脂層之柔軟性提高，樹脂層之操作變得容易。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之羥基之含有率係以百分率表示鍵結有羥基之伸乙基量除以主鏈之總伸乙基量所求出之莫耳分率所得之值。上述鍵結有羥基之伸乙基量例如可依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」進行測定。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之乙醯化度(乙醯基量)較佳為0.1莫耳%以上，更佳為0.3莫耳%以上，進而較佳為0.5莫耳%以上，較佳為30莫耳%以下，更佳為25莫耳%以下，進而較佳為20莫耳%以下，尤佳為15莫耳%以下，最佳為3莫耳%以下。若上述乙醯化度為上述下限以上，則聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂與塑化劑之相溶性提高。若上述乙醯化度為上述上限以下，則層合玻璃之耐濕性提高。
上述乙醯化度係以百分率表示鍵結有乙醯基之伸乙基量除以主鏈之總伸乙基量所求出之莫耳分率所得之值。上述鍵結有乙醯基之伸乙基量例如可依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」進行測定。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之縮醛化度(於聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂之情形時為丁醛化度)較佳為60莫耳%以上，更佳為63莫耳%以上，較佳為85莫耳%以下，更佳為75莫耳%以下，進而較佳為70莫耳%以下。若上述縮醛化度為上述下限以上，則聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂與塑化劑之相溶性提高。若上述縮醛化度為上述上限以下，則製造聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂所需之反應時間縮短。
上述縮醛化度係以如下方式求出。首先，求出自主鏈之總伸乙基量減去鍵結有羥基之伸乙基量與鍵結有乙醯基之伸乙基量所得之值。將所獲得之值除以主鏈之總伸乙基量而求出莫耳分率。以百分率表示該莫耳分率所得之值為縮醛化度。
再者，上述羥基之含有率(羥基量)、縮醛化度(丁醛化度)及乙醯化度較佳為根據藉由依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」之方法所測得之結果而算出。但是，亦可使用基於ASTM D1396-92之測定。於聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂為聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂之情形時，上述羥基之含有率(羥基量)、上述縮醛化度(丁醛化度)及上述乙醯化度可根據藉由依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」之方法所測得之結果算出。
塑化劑：
就進一步提高樹脂層之接著力之觀點而言，上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含塑化劑。就進一步提高樹脂層之接著力之觀點而言，上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含塑化劑。於樹脂層中所包含之熱塑性樹脂為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之情形時，樹脂層尤佳為包含塑化劑。包含聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之層較佳為包含塑化劑。
上述塑化劑並無特別限定。作為上述塑化劑，可使用先前公知之塑化劑。上述塑化劑可僅使用1種，亦可將2種以上併用。
作為上述塑化劑，可列舉：一元有機酸酯及多元有機酸酯等有機酯塑化劑、以及有機磷酸塑化劑及有機亞磷酸塑化劑等有機磷酸塑化劑等。較佳為有機酯塑化劑。上述塑化劑較佳為液狀塑化劑。
作為上述一元有機酸酯，可列舉藉由二醇與一元有機酸之反應而獲得之二醇酯等。作為上述二醇，可列舉：三乙二醇、四乙二醇及三丙二醇等。作為上述一元有機酸，可列舉：丁酸、異丁酸、己酸、2-乙基丁酸、庚酸、正辛酸、2-乙基己酸、正壬酸及癸酸等。
作為上述多元有機酸酯，可列舉多元有機酸與具有碳數4~8之直鏈或支鏈結構之醇之酯化合物等。作為上述多元有機酸，可列舉：己二酸、癸二酸及壬二酸等。
作為上述有機酯塑化劑，可列舉：三乙二醇二(2-乙基丙酸酯)、三乙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、三乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)、三乙二醇二辛酸酯、三乙二醇二正辛酸酯、三乙二醇二正庚酸酯、四乙二醇二正庚酸酯、癸二酸二丁酯、壬二酸二辛酯、二丁基卡必醇己二酸酯、乙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、1,3-丙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、1,4-丁二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、二乙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、二乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)、二丙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、三乙二醇二(2-乙基戊酸酯)、四乙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、二乙二醇二辛酸酯、己二酸二己酯、己二酸二辛酯、己二酸己酯環己酯、己二酸庚酯與己二酸壬酯之混合物、己二酸二異壬酯、己二酸二異癸酯、己二酸庚酯壬酯、癸二酸二丁酯、油改性癸二酸醇酸、及磷酸酯與己二酸酯之混合物等。亦可使用該等以外之有機酯塑化劑。亦可使用上述己二酸酯以外之其他己二酸酯。
作為上述有機磷酸塑化劑，可列舉：磷酸三(丁氧基乙基)酯、磷酸異癸酯苯酯及磷酸三異丙酯等。
上述塑化劑較佳為下述式(1)所表示之二酯塑化劑。
[化1]
上述式(1)中，R1及R2分別表示碳數5~10之有機基，R3表示伸乙基、伸異丙基或伸正丙基，p表示3~10之整數。上述式(1)中之R1及R2分別較佳為碳數6~10之有機基。
上述塑化劑較佳為包含三乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)(3GO)或三乙二醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)(3GH)，更佳為包含三乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)。
上述塑化劑之含量並無特別限定。於包含上述塑化劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)中，相對於上述熱塑性樹脂100重量份，上述塑化劑之含量較佳為25重量份以上，更佳為30重量份以上，進而較佳為35重量份以上。於包含上述塑化劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)中，相對於上述熱塑性樹脂100重量份，上述塑化劑之含量較佳為75重量份以下，更佳為60重量份以下，進而較佳為50重量份以下，尤佳為40重量份以下。若上述塑化劑之含量為上述下限以上，則層合玻璃之耐貫通性進一步提高。若上述塑化劑之含量為上述上限以下，則層合玻璃之透明性進一步提高。
隔熱性物質：
上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含隔熱性物質。上述第2樹脂層中之隔熱性物質之含量可少於上述第1樹脂層中之隔熱性物質之含量。上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含隔熱性物質。上述第2樹脂層亦可不包含隔熱性物質。上述隔熱性物質可僅使用1種，亦可將2種以上併用。
上述隔熱性物質較佳為包含酞菁化合物、萘酞菁化合物及蒽酞菁化合物中之至少1種成分X或包含隔熱粒子。於該情形時，亦可包含上述成分X與上述隔熱粒子之兩者。
上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含酞菁化合物、萘酞菁化合物及蒽酞菁化合物中之至少1種成分X。上述第2樹脂層中之上述成分X之含量可少於上述第1樹脂層中之上述成分X之含量。上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含上述成分X。上述第2樹脂層亦可不包含上述成分X。上述成分X可僅使用1種，亦可將2種以上併用。
上述成分X亦相當於隔熱性物質。就有效地提高隔熱性之觀點而言，上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含上述成分X。上述第2樹脂層中之上述成分X之含量可少於上述第1樹脂層中之上述成分X之含量。就有效地提高隔熱性之觀點而言，上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含上述成分X。上述第2樹脂層亦可不包含上述成分X。上述成分X可僅使用1種，亦可將2種以上併用。
上述成分X並無特別限定。作為成分X，可使用先前公知之酞菁化合物、萘酞菁化合物及蒽酞菁化合物。
作為上述成分X，可列舉：酞菁、酞菁之衍生物、萘酞菁、萘酞菁之衍生物、蒽酞菁及蒽酞菁之衍生物等。上述酞菁化合物及上述酞菁之衍生物分別較佳為具有酞菁骨架。上述萘酞菁化合物及上述萘酞菁之衍生物分別較佳為具有萘酞菁骨架。上述蒽酞菁化合物及上述蒽酞菁之衍生物分別較佳為具有蒽酞菁骨架。
就進一步提高層合玻璃之隔熱性之觀點而言，上述成分X較佳為酞菁、酞菁之衍生物、萘酞菁或萘酞菁之衍生物，更佳為酞菁或酞菁之衍生物。
就有效地提高隔熱性且長期以更高等級維持可見光線透過率之觀點而言，上述成分X較佳為含有釩原子或銅原子。上述成分X較佳為含有釩原子，亦較佳為含有銅原子。上述成分X更佳為含有釩原子或銅原子之酞菁及含有釩原子或銅原子之酞菁之衍生物中之至少1種。就更進一步提高層合玻璃之隔熱性之觀點而言，上述成分X較佳為具有於釩原子上鍵結有氧原子之結構單元。
於包含上述成分X之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中，上述成分X之含量較佳為0.001重量%以上，更佳為0.005重量%以上，進而較佳為0.01重量%以上，尤佳為0.02重量%以上。於包含上述成分X之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中，上述成分X之含量較佳為0.2重量%以下，更佳為0.1重量%以下，進而較佳為0.05重量%以下，尤佳為0.04重量%以下。若上述成分X之含量為上述下限以上及上述上限以下，則隔熱性充分提高且可見光線透過率充分提高。例如，可將可見光線透過率設為70%以上。
上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含隔熱粒子。上述第2樹脂層中之隔熱粒子之含量可少於上述第1樹脂層中之隔熱粒子之含量。上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含上述隔熱粒子。上述第2樹脂層亦可不包含熱粒子。上述隔熱粒子係隔熱性物質。藉由使用隔熱粒子，可有效地遮斷紅外線(熱線)。上述隔熱粒子可僅使用1種，亦可將2種以上併用。
就進一步提高層合玻璃之隔熱性之觀點而言，上述隔熱粒子更佳為金屬氧化物粒子。上述隔熱粒子較佳為藉由金屬之氧化物而形成之粒子(金屬氧化物粒子)。
波長長於可見光之780 nm以上之紅外線與紫外線相比能量較小。然而，紅外線之熱作用較大，若紅外線被物質吸收，則會作為熱被釋放。因此，紅外線通常被稱為熱線。藉由使用上述隔熱粒子，可有效地遮斷紅外線(熱線)。再者，所謂隔熱粒子，意指可吸收紅外線之粒子。
作為上述隔熱粒子之具體例，可列舉：摻鋁氧化錫粒子、摻銦氧化錫粒子、摻銻氧化錫粒子(ATO粒子)、摻鎵氧化鋅粒子(GZO粒子)、摻銦氧化鋅粒子(IZO粒子)、摻鋁氧化鋅粒子(AZO粒子)、摻鈮氧化鈦粒子、摻鈉氧化鎢粒子、摻銫氧化鎢粒子、摻鉈氧化鎢粒子、摻銣氧化鎢粒子、摻錫氧化銦粒子(ITO粒子)、摻錫氧化鋅粒子、摻矽氧化鋅粒子等金屬氧化物粒子或六硼化鑭(LaB6
)粒子等。亦可使用該等以外之隔熱粒子。就熱線之遮蔽功能較高而言，較佳為金屬氧化物粒子，更佳為ATO粒子、GZO粒子、IZO粒子、ITO粒子或氧化鎢粒子，尤佳為ITO粒子或氧化鎢粒子。尤其是就熱線之遮蔽功能較高且容易獲取而言，較佳為摻錫氧化銦粒子(ITO粒子)，亦較佳為氧化鎢粒子。
就進一步提高層合玻璃之隔熱性之觀點而言，氧化鎢粒子較佳為摻雜有金屬之氧化鎢粒子。上述「氧化鎢粒子」中包含摻雜有金屬之氧化鎢粒子。作為上述摻雜有金屬之氧化鎢粒子，具體而言，可列舉：摻鈉氧化鎢粒子、摻銫氧化鎢粒子、摻鉈氧化鎢粒子及摻銣氧化鎢粒子等。
就進一步提高層合玻璃之隔熱性之觀點而言，尤佳為摻銫氧化鎢粒子。就更進一步提高層合玻璃之隔熱性之觀點而言，該摻銫氧化鎢粒子較佳為式：Cs0.33
WO3
所表示之氧化鎢粒子。
上述隔熱粒子之平均粒徑較佳為0.01 μm以上，更佳為0.02 μm以上，較佳為0.1 μm以下，更佳為0.05 μm以下。若平均粒徑為上述下限以上，則熱線之遮蔽性充分提高。若平均粒徑為上述上限以下，則隔熱粒子之分散性提高。
上述「平均粒徑」表示體積平均粒徑。平均粒徑可使用粒度分佈測定裝置(日機裝公司製造之「UPA-EX 150」)等進行測定。
於包含上述隔熱粒子之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中，上述隔熱粒子之含量較佳為0.01重量%以上，更佳為0.1重量%以上，進而較佳為1重量%以上，尤佳為1.5重量%以上。於包含上述隔熱粒子之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中，上述隔熱粒子之含量較佳為6重量%以下，更佳為5.5重量%以下，進而較佳為4重量%以下，尤佳為3.5重量%以下，最佳為3重量%以下。若上述隔熱粒子之含量為上述下限以上及上述上限以下，則隔熱性充分提高，且可見光線透過率充分提高。
金屬鹽：
上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含作為鹼金屬鹽、鹼土金屬鹽或鎂鹽之金屬鹽(以下，有時記載為金屬鹽M)。上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含上述金屬鹽M。藉由使用上述金屬鹽M，變得容易控制樹脂層與紅外線反射層及層合玻璃構件之接著性。上述金屬鹽M可僅使用1種，亦可將2種以上併用。
上述金屬鹽M較佳為包含作為Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Mg、Ca、Sr或Ba之金屬。樹脂層中所包含之金屬鹽較佳為包含K或Mg。
又，上述金屬鹽M更佳為碳數2~16之有機酸之鹼金屬鹽、碳數2~16之有機酸之鹼土金屬鹽或碳數2~16之有機酸之鎂鹽，進而較佳為碳數2~16之羧酸鎂鹽或碳數2~16之羧酸鉀鹽。
作為上述碳數2~16之羧酸鎂鹽及上述碳數2~16之羧酸鉀鹽，可列舉：乙酸鎂、乙酸鉀、丙酸鎂、丙酸鉀、2-乙基丁酸鎂、2-乙基丁酸鉀、2-乙基己酸鎂及2-乙基己酸鉀等。
包含上述金屬鹽M之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)中之Mg及K之含量之合計較佳為5 ppm以上，更佳為10 ppm以上，進而較佳為20 ppm以上，較佳為300 ppm以下，更佳為250 ppm以下，進而較佳為200 ppm以下。若Mg及K之含量之合計為上述下限以上及上述上限以下，則可進一步良好地控制樹脂層與紅外線反射層及層合玻璃構件之接著性。
紫外線遮蔽劑：
上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含紫外線遮蔽劑。上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含紫外線遮蔽劑。藉由使用紫外線遮蔽劑，即便長期使用層合玻璃，可見光線透過率亦不易進一步降低。上述紫外線遮蔽劑可僅使用1種，亦可將2種以上併用。
於上述紫外線遮蔽劑中包含紫外線吸收劑。上述紫外線遮蔽劑較佳為紫外線吸收劑。
作為上述紫外線遮蔽劑，例如可列舉：包含金屬原子之紫外線遮蔽劑、包含金屬氧化物之紫外線遮蔽劑、具有苯并三唑結構之紫外線遮蔽劑(苯并三唑化合物)、具有二苯甲酮結構之紫外線遮蔽劑(二苯甲酮化合物)、具有三𠯤結構之紫外線遮蔽劑(三𠯤化合物)、具有丙二酸酯結構之紫外線遮蔽劑(丙二酸酯化合物)、具有草醯替苯胺結構之紫外線遮蔽劑(草醯替苯胺化合物)及具有苯甲酸酯結構之紫外線遮蔽劑(苯甲酸酯化合物)等。
作為上述包含金屬原子之紫外線遮蔽劑，例如可列舉：鉑粒子、鉑粒子之表面經二氧化矽被覆之粒子、鈀粒子及鈀粒子之表面經二氧化矽被覆之粒子等。紫外線遮蔽劑較好不為隔熱粒子。
上述紫外線遮蔽劑較佳為具有苯并三唑結構之紫外線遮蔽劑、具有二苯甲酮結構之紫外線遮蔽劑、具有三𠯤結構之紫外線遮蔽劑或具有苯甲酸酯結構之紫外線遮蔽劑。上述紫外線遮蔽劑更佳為具有苯并三唑結構之紫外線遮蔽劑或具有二苯甲酮結構之紫外線遮蔽劑，進而較佳為具有苯并三唑結構之紫外線遮蔽劑。
作為上述包含金屬氧化物之紫外線遮蔽劑，例如可列舉：氧化鋅、氧化鈦及氧化鈰等。進而，關於上述包含金屬氧化物之紫外線遮蔽劑，亦可表面經被覆。作為上述包含金屬氧化物之紫外線遮蔽劑之表面之被覆材料，可列舉：絕緣性金屬氧化物、水解性有機矽化合物及聚矽氧化合物等。
作為上述絕緣性金屬氧化物，可列舉：二氧化矽、氧化鋁及氧化鋯等。上述絕緣性金屬氧化物例如具有5.0 eV以上之帶隙能。
作為上述具有苯并三唑結構之紫外線遮蔽劑，例如可列舉：2-(2'-羥基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三唑(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin P」)、2-(2'-羥基-3',5'-二-第三丁基苯基)苯并三唑(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 320」)、2-(2'-羥基-3'-第三丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 326」)、及2-(2'-羥基-3',5'-二-戊基苯基)苯并三唑(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 328」)等。就遮蔽紫外線之性能優異之方面而言，上述紫外線遮蔽劑較佳為具有含有鹵素原子之苯并三唑結構之紫外線遮蔽劑，更佳為具有含有氯原子之苯并三唑結構之紫外線遮蔽劑。
作為上述具有二苯甲酮結構之紫外線遮蔽劑，例如可列舉辛苯酮(BASF公司製造之「Chimassorb 81」)等。
作為上述具有三𠯤結構之紫外線遮蔽劑，例如可列舉：ADEKA公司製造之「LA-F70」及2-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三𠯤-2-基)-5-[(己基)氧基]-苯酚(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 1577FF」)等。
作為上述具有丙二酸酯結構之紫外線遮蔽劑，可列舉：2-(對甲氧基亞苄基)丙二酸二甲酯、2,2-(1,4-伸苯基二亞甲基)雙丙二酸四乙酯、丙二酸2-(對甲氧基亞苄基)-雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基4-哌啶基)酯等。
作為上述具有丙二酸酯結構之紫外線遮蔽劑之市售品，可列舉：Hostavin B-CAP、Hostavin PR-25、Hostavin PR-31(均為Clariant公司製造)。
作為上述具有草醯替苯胺結構之紫外線遮蔽劑，可列舉：N-(2-乙基苯基)-N'-(2-乙氧基-5-第三丁基苯基)草醯二胺、N-(2-乙基苯基)-N'-(2-乙氧基-苯基)草醯二胺、2-乙基-2'-乙氧基-草醯替苯胺(Clariant公司製造之「Sanduvor VSU」)等具有取代於氮原子上之芳基等之草醯二胺類。
作為上述具有苯甲酸酯結構之紫外線遮蔽劑，例如可列舉：3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸2,4-二-第三丁基苯酯(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 120」)等。
於包含上述紫外線遮蔽劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中，上述紫外線遮蔽劑之含量較佳為0.1重量%以上，更佳為0.2重量%以上，進而較佳為0.3重量%以上，尤佳為0.5重量%以上。於包含上述紫外線遮蔽劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中，上述紫外線遮蔽劑之含量較佳為2.5重量%以下，更佳為2重量%以下，進而較佳為1重量%以下，尤佳為0.8重量%以下。若上述紫外線遮蔽劑之含量為上述下限以上及上述上限以下，則可進一步抑制經過一定時間後之可見光線透過率之降低。尤其是藉由於包含上述紫外線遮蔽劑之層100重量%中，使上述紫外線遮蔽劑之含量為0.2重量%以上，可顯著地抑制層合玻璃之經過一定時間後之可見光線透過率之降低。
抗氧化劑：
上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含抗氧化劑。上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含抗氧化劑。上述抗氧化劑可僅使用1種，亦可將2種以上併用。
作為上述抗氧化劑，可列舉：酚系抗氧化劑、硫系抗氧化劑及磷系抗氧化劑等。上述酚系抗氧化劑係具有酚骨架之抗氧化劑。上述硫系抗氧化劑係含有硫原子之抗氧化劑。上述磷系抗氧化劑係含有磷原子之抗氧化劑。
上述抗氧化劑較佳為酚系抗氧化劑或磷系抗氧化劑。
作為上述酚系抗氧化劑，可列舉：2,6-二-第三丁基-對甲酚(BHT)、丁基羥基甲氧苯(BHA)、2,6-二-第三丁基-4-乙基苯酚、β-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸硬脂酯、2,2'-亞甲基雙-(4-甲基-6-丁基苯酚)、2,2'-亞甲基雙-(4-乙基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、4,4'-亞丁基-雙-(3-甲基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、1,1,3-三-(2-甲基-羥基-5-第三丁基苯基)丁烷、四[亞甲基-3-(3',5'-丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]甲烷、1,3,3-三-(2-甲基-4-羥基-5-第三丁基苯酚)丁烷、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苄基)苯、雙(3,3'-第三丁基苯酚)丁酸二醇酯及雙(3-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯丙酸)乙二酯雙(氧化乙烯)等。可良好地使用該等抗氧化劑中之1種或2種以上。
作為上述磷系抗氧化劑，可列舉：亞磷酸三癸酯、亞磷酸三(十三烷基)酯、亞磷酸三苯酯、亞磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、二亞磷酸雙(十三烷基酯)季戊四醇酯、二亞磷酸雙(癸酯)季戊四醇酯、亞磷酸三(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)酯、亞磷酸雙(2,4-二-第三丁基-6-甲基苯基)酯乙酯、及2,2'-亞甲基雙(4,6-二-第三丁基-1-苯氧基)(2-乙基己基氧基)磷等。可良好地使用該等抗氧化劑中之1種或2種以上。
作為上述抗氧化劑之市售品，例如可列舉：BASF公司製造之「IRGANOX 245」、BASF公司製造之「IRGAFOS 168」、BASF公司製造之「IRGAFOS 38」、住友化學工業公司製造之「Sumilizer BHT」、堺化學工業公司製造之「H-BHT」、以及BASF公司製造之「IRGANOX 1010」等。
為了長期維持層合玻璃之較高之可見光線透過率，於包含上述抗氧化劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中，上述抗氧化劑之含量較佳為0.1重量%以上。又，於包含上述抗氧化劑之層100重量%中，上述抗氧化劑之含量較佳為2重量%以下。
其他成分：
上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層亦可分別視需要包含偶合劑、分散劑、界面活性劑、阻燃劑、抗靜電劑、顏料、染料、金屬鹽以外之接著力調整劑、耐濕劑、螢光增白劑及紅外線吸收劑等添加劑。該等添加劑可僅使用1種，亦可將2種以上併用。
(層合玻璃用中間膜之其他詳細內容)
上述中間膜之厚度並無特別限定。就實用方面之觀點、以及充分地提高層合玻璃之耐貫通性及彎曲剛性之觀點而言，中間膜之厚度較佳為0.1 mm以上，更佳為0.25 mm以上，較佳為3 mm以下，更佳為1.5 mm以下。若中間膜之厚度為上述下限以上，則層合玻璃之耐貫通性及彎曲剛性進一步提高。若中間膜之厚度為上述上限以下，則中間膜之透明性進一步變得良好。
上述中間膜可為厚度均一之中間膜，亦可為厚度變化之中間膜。上述中間膜之剖面形狀可為矩形，亦可為楔形。
上述中間膜較佳為於外表面具有凹凸形狀。於該情形時，上述中間膜只要於兩側之外表面中之至少一表面具有凹凸形狀即可。上述中間膜較佳為於兩側之外表面中之至少一表面具有凹凸形狀。上述中間膜更佳為於兩側之外表面具有凹凸形狀。較佳為對上述中間膜之外表面進行壓紋加工。於該情形時，只要對兩側之外表面中之至少一表面進行壓紋加工即可。較佳為對上述中間膜之兩側之外表面中之至少一表面進行壓紋加工。更佳為對上述中間膜之兩側之外表面進行壓紋加工。作為形成上述凹凸形狀之方法，並無特別限定，例如可列舉：模唇壓紋法、壓紋輥法、砑光輥法、及異形擠出法等。就可定量地形成作為一定之凹凸花樣之多個凹凸形狀之壓紋的方面而言，較佳為壓紋輥法。
(層合玻璃)
圖3係模式性地表示使用圖1所示之層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃之一例的剖視圖。
圖3所示之層合玻璃31具備第1層合玻璃構件21、第2層合玻璃構件22、及中間膜11。中間膜11係配置並夾入於第1層合玻璃構件21與第2層合玻璃構件22之間。
於中間膜11之第1表面11a積層有第1層合玻璃構件21。於中間膜11之與第1表面11a相反之第2表面11b積層有第2層合玻璃構件22。於第1樹脂層2之外側之表面2a配置並積層有第1層合玻璃構件21。於第2樹脂層3之外側之表面3a配置並積層有第2層合玻璃構件22。
圖4係模式性地表示使用圖2所示之層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃之一例的剖視圖。
圖4所示之層合玻璃31A具備第1層合玻璃構件21、第2層合玻璃構件22、及中間膜11A。中間膜11A係配置並夾入於第1層合玻璃構件21與第2層合玻璃構件22之間。
於中間膜11A之第1表面11a積層有第1層合玻璃構件21。於中間膜11A之與第1表面11a相反之第2表面11b積層有第2層合玻璃構件22。於第1樹脂層2之外側之表面2a配置並積層有第1層合玻璃構件21。於紅外線反射層1之第2表面1b(外側之表面)配置並積層有第2層合玻璃構件22。
如上所述，本發明之層合玻璃具備第1層合玻璃構件、第2層合玻璃構件、及中間膜，該中間膜為本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜。於本發明之層合玻璃中，於上述第1層合玻璃構件與上述第2層合玻璃構件之間配置有上述中間膜。於上述中間膜具有上述第2樹脂層之情形時，於上述第1樹脂層之外側配置有上述第1層合玻璃構件，於上述第2樹脂層之外側配置有上述第2層合玻璃構件。於上述中間膜不具有上述第2樹脂層之情形時，於上述第1樹脂層之外側配置有上述第1層合玻璃構件，於上述紅外線反射層之外側配置有上述第2層合玻璃構件。
上述層合玻璃較佳為於車輛中，以於外部空間與供熱線自上述外部空間入射之內部空間之間之開口部上述第1層合玻璃構件位於上述外部空間側且上述第2層合玻璃構件位於上述內部空間側之方式安裝。
上述第1層合玻璃構件較佳為第1玻璃板。上述第2層合玻璃構件較佳為第2玻璃板。
作為上述層合玻璃構件，可列舉玻璃板及PET(聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯)膜等。層合玻璃不僅包括於2片玻璃板之間夾入有中間膜之層合玻璃，亦包括於玻璃板與PET膜等之間夾入有中間膜之層合玻璃。上述層合玻璃係具備玻璃板之積層體，較佳為使用至少1片玻璃板。較佳為上述第1層合玻璃構件及上述第2層合玻璃構件分別為玻璃板或PET膜，且上述層合玻璃具備玻璃板作為上述第1層合玻璃構件及上述第2層合玻璃構件中之至少一者。
作為上述玻璃板，可列舉無機玻璃及有機玻璃。作為上述無機玻璃，可列舉：浮法平板玻璃、線熱吸收板玻璃、熱線反射板玻璃、研磨板玻璃、模板玻璃、及線板玻璃等。上述有機玻璃係代替無機玻璃之合成樹脂玻璃。作為上述有機玻璃，可列舉聚碳酸酯板及聚(甲基)丙烯酸樹脂板等。作為聚(甲基)丙烯酸樹脂板，可列舉聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯板等。
上述層合玻璃構件之厚度較佳為1 mm以上，更佳為1.8 mm以上，進而較佳為2 mm以上，尤佳為2.1 mm以上，較佳為5 mm以下，更佳為3 mm以下。又，於上述層合玻璃構件為玻璃板之情形時，該玻璃板之厚度較佳為1 mm以上，更佳為1.8 mm以上，進而較佳為2 mm以上，尤佳為2.1 mm以上，較佳為5 mm以下，更佳為3 mm以下，進而較佳為2.6 mm以下。於上述層合玻璃構件為PET膜之情形時，該PET膜之厚度較佳為0.03 mm以上，較佳為0.5 mm以下。
上述第1層合玻璃構件及上述第2層合玻璃構件分別較佳為透明玻璃或線熱吸收板玻璃。就紅外線透過率較高、層合玻璃之隔熱性進一步提高之方面而言，上述第2層合玻璃構件較佳為透明玻璃。就紅外線透過率較低、層合玻璃之隔熱性進一步提高之方面而言，上述第1層合玻璃構件較佳為線熱吸收板玻璃。線熱吸收板玻璃較佳為綠玻璃。較佳為上述第2層合玻璃構件為透明玻璃且上述第1層合玻璃構件為線熱吸收板玻璃。上述線熱吸收板玻璃係依據JIS R3208之線熱吸收板玻璃。
上述層合玻璃之製造方法並無特別限定。首先，將中間膜夾於上述第1層合玻璃構件與上述第2層合玻璃構件之間而獲得積層體。繼而，例如使所獲得之積層體通過擠壓輥或將其放入至橡膠袋進行減壓抽吸，藉此將殘留於上述第1層合玻璃構件、上述第2層合玻璃構件、及中間膜之間之空氣脫氣。其後，於約70~110℃下進行預接著而獲得經預壓接之積層體。繼而，將經預壓接之積層體放入至高壓釜中，或者進行加壓，而於約120~150℃及1~1.5 MPa之壓力下進行壓接。以此方式可獲得層合玻璃。於製造上述層合玻璃時，亦可積層各層。
上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃可用於汽車、軌道車輛、航空器、船舶及建築物等。上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃亦可用於該等用途以外之用途。上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃較佳為車輛用或建築物用之中間膜及層合玻璃，更佳為車輛用之中間膜及層合玻璃。上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃可用於汽車之擋風玻璃、側玻璃、後擋風玻璃或天窗玻璃等。上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃可良好地用於汽車。上述中間膜係用於獲得汽車之層合玻璃。
上述層合玻璃可較佳地用於車之擋風玻璃。上述層合玻璃較佳為可用於車之擋風玻璃之層合玻璃。
以下，列舉實施例及比較例對本發明進一步詳細地進行說明。本發明並不僅限定於該等實施例。
(熱塑性樹脂)
聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(PVB、平均聚合度1700、羥基之含有率30.5莫耳%、乙醯化度1莫耳%、縮醛化度68.5莫耳%)
於所使用之聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂中，縮醛化係使用碳數4之正丁醛。關於聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂，縮醛化度(丁醛化度)、乙醯化度及羥基之含有率係藉由依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」之方法所測得。再者，即便於藉由ASTM D1396-92進行測定之情形時，亦顯示與依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」之方法相同之數值。
(塑化劑)
三乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)(3GO)
(隔熱性物質)
ITO(ITO粒子、摻錫氧化銦粒子)
CWO(CWO粒子、摻銫氧化鎢(Cs0.33
WO3
)粒子)
(紫外線遮蔽劑)
Tinuvin 326(2-(2'-羥基-3'-第三丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 326」)0.2重量份
(抗氧化劑)
BHT(2,6-二-第三丁基-對甲酚)
準備以下之紅外線反射層。
(紅外線反射層)
紅外線反射膜1~9及A~C(於膜上形成有銀濺鍍層之膜、本公司製造之產品)
紅外線反射膜1~9及A~C係於銀濺鍍時，如下述表1、2所示般設定濺鍍功率、氬氣流量及濺鍍時壓力，藉此將銀層之(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬、及(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬以成為下述表1、2所示之值之方式調整。
準備以下之層合玻璃構件。
(層合玻璃構件)
透明玻璃(厚度2.5 mm)
(實施例1)
第1樹脂層之製作：
調配以下之成分，並利用混合輥充分地進行混練，獲得用以形成第1樹脂層之組合物。
聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(PVB、平均聚合度1700、羥基之含有率30.5莫耳%、乙醯化度1莫耳%、縮醛化度68.5莫耳%)100重量份
三乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)(3GO)40重量份
於所獲得之樹脂層中成為0.2重量%之量之Tinuvin 326(2-(2'-羥基-3'-第三丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 326」)
於所獲得之樹脂層中成為0.2重量%之量之BHT(2,6-二-第三丁基-對甲酚)
藉由擠出機將用以形成所獲得之第1樹脂層之組合物擠出，獲得第1樹脂層。第1樹脂層為矩形，第1樹脂層之厚度為380 μm。
第2樹脂層製作：
調配以下之成分，並利用混合輥充分地進行混練，獲得用以形成第2樹脂層之組合物。
聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(PVB、平均聚合度1700、羥基之含有率30.5莫耳%、乙醯化度1莫耳%、縮醛化度68.5莫耳%)100重量份
三乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)(3GO)40重量份
於所獲得之樹脂層中成為0.2重量%之量之Tinuvin 326(2-(2'-羥基-3'-第三丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin 326」)
於所獲得之樹脂層中成為0.2重量%之量之BHT(2,6-二-第三丁基-對甲酚)
藉由擠出機將用以形成所獲得之第2樹脂層之組合物擠出，獲得第2樹脂層。第2樹脂層為矩形，第2樹脂層之厚度為380 μm。
紅外線反射層、第1、第2層合玻璃構件之準備：
準備紅外線反射膜1作為紅外線反射層。
準備透明玻璃(厚度2.5 mm)作為第1層合玻璃構件。
準備透明玻璃(厚度2.5 mm)作為第2層合玻璃構件。
層合玻璃之製作：
將第1層合玻璃構件、第1樹脂層、紅外線反射層、第2樹脂層、及第2層合玻璃構件依序積層，獲得層合玻璃。於紅外線反射層中之銀層上積層有第1樹脂層。
(實施例2~9及比較例1~3)
如下述表1、2所示般變更中間膜之構成，除此以外，以與實施例1相同之方式獲得層合玻璃。
再者，於實施例2~9及比較例1~3中，於第1、第2樹脂層中，以在樹脂層中與實施例1相同之調配量調配與實施例1相同之紫外線遮蔽劑及抗氧化劑。隔熱性物質於所獲得之樹脂層100重量%中，以下述表1、2所示之調配量進行調配。
(評價)
(1)銀層之(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬、及(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬之測定
對理學電氣公司製造之ATX-G型表面結構評價用多功能X射線繞射裝置應用下述條件，並藉由掃描軸2θχ/f(In-Plane繞射法)測定繞射光譜。進行2θ：約38°・(111)繞射面及2θ：約44°・(200)面之輪廓擬合，而算出波峰之半值寬。
X射線源 ：CuKα射線
管電壓-管電流 ：50 kV-300 mA
入射光學系統(I) ：人口多層膜抛物面鏡(半高寬0.057°)
第1狹縫(寬度1.0 mm、高度10 mm)
入射光學系統(II) ：索勒狹縫(鉛直發散抑制、0.48°)
第2狹縫(寬度0.2 mm、高度10 mm)
受光光學系統(檢測部) ：索勒狹縫(鉛直發散抑制、0.41°)
掃描軸 ：2θχ/f(In-Plane繞射法)
入射角度(ω) ：0.252°(全反射)
測定間隔 ：0.02°
測定速度 ：0.2°/min
(2)可見光線透過率
使用分光光度計(日立高新技術公司製造之「U-4100」)，並依據JIS R3211：1998，測定層合玻璃之波長380 nm~780 nm下之上述可見光線透過率。
(3)日射獲取率
使用分光光度計(日立高新技術公司製造之「U-4100」)，並依據ISO 13837，測定所獲得之層合玻璃之波長300 nm~2500 nm下之透過率/反射率，從而算出日射獲取率。
(4)銀之凝集抑制性(耐侵蝕性)
將所獲得之層合玻璃放置於溫度80℃、相對濕度95 ROH%之恆溫槽中，於3日後及28日後藉由測霧計(村上色彩公司製造)測定霧度。以如下基準判定銀之凝集抑制性(耐侵蝕性)。
[銀之凝集抑制性(耐侵蝕性)之判定基準]
○○：於3日後及28日後霧度值未自初始上升0.2%以上
○：於3日後霧度值未自初始上升0.2%以上，但於28日後霧度值自初始上升0.2%以上
×：於3日後霧度值自初始上升0.2%以上
將詳細內容及結果示於下述表1、2。再者，於表中省略了紫外線遮蔽劑及抗氧化劑之記載。
[表1] 
[表2] 
1‧‧‧紅外線反射層
1a‧‧‧第1表面
1b‧‧‧第2表面
2‧‧‧第1樹脂層
2a‧‧‧外側之表面
3‧‧‧第2樹脂層
3a‧‧‧外側之表面
11‧‧‧中間膜
11A‧‧‧中間膜
11a‧‧‧第1表面
11b‧‧‧第2表面
21‧‧‧第1層合玻璃構件
22‧‧‧第2層合玻璃構件
31‧‧‧層合玻璃
31A‧‧‧層合玻璃
圖1係模式性地表示本發明之第1實施形態之層合玻璃用中間膜之剖視圖。
圖2係模式性地表示本發明之第2實施形態之層合玻璃用中間膜之剖視圖。
圖3係模式性地表示使用圖1所示之層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃之一例的剖視圖。
圖4係模式性地表示使用圖2所示之層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃之一例的剖視圖。
1‧‧‧紅外線反射層
1a‧‧‧第1表面
1b‧‧‧第2表面
2‧‧‧第1樹脂層
2a‧‧‧外側之表面
3‧‧‧第2樹脂層
3a‧‧‧外側之表面
11‧‧‧中間膜
11a‧‧‧第1表面
11b‧‧‧第2表面
Claims (13)
- 一種層合玻璃用中間膜，其具有紅外線反射層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層， 於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層， 上述紅外線反射層包含銀層，且 於上述銀層之In-Plane XRD測定中，(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為1.3以下，或者(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為2.0以下。
- 如請求項1之層合玻璃用中間膜，其中於上述銀層之In-Plane XRD測定中，(111)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為1.3以下，且(200)繞射面中之波峰之半值寬為2.0以下。
- 如請求項1或2之層合玻璃用中間膜，其中上述紅外線反射層包含樹脂膜、及上述銀層，且 上述銀層係配置於上述樹脂膜之至少一表面上。
- 如請求項1或2之層合玻璃用中間膜，其中上述第1樹脂層包含紫外線遮蔽劑。
- 如請求項1或2之層合玻璃用中間膜，其中上述第1樹脂層包含隔熱性物質。
- 如請求項1或2之層合玻璃用中間膜，其中上述第1樹脂層中之上述熱塑性樹脂為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂。
- 如請求項1或2之層合玻璃用中間膜，其中上述第1樹脂層包含塑化劑。
- 如請求項1或2之層合玻璃用中間膜，其具備第2樹脂層，且 於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層。
- 如請求項8之層合玻璃用中間膜，其中上述第2樹脂層包含紫外線遮蔽劑。
- 如請求項8之層合玻璃用中間膜，其中上述第2樹脂層中之上述熱塑性樹脂為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂。
- 如請求項8之層合玻璃用中間膜，其中上述第2樹脂層包含塑化劑。
- 一種層合玻璃，其具備第1層合玻璃構件、第2層合玻璃構件、及如請求項1至11中任一項之層合玻璃用中間膜， 上述中間膜具有第2樹脂層或者不具有第2樹脂層， 於上述中間膜具有上述第2樹脂層之情形時，於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層， 於上述中間膜具有上述第2樹脂層之情形時，於上述第1樹脂層之外側配置有上述第1層合玻璃構件，於上述第2樹脂層之外側配置有上述第2層合玻璃構件， 於中間膜不具有上述第2樹脂層之情形時，於上述第1樹脂層之外側配置有上述第1層合玻璃構件，於上述紅外線反射層之外側配置有上述第2層合玻璃構件。
- 如請求項12之層合玻璃，其係於建築物或車輛中，以於外部空間與供熱線自上述外部空間入射之內部空間之間之開口部上述第2層合玻璃構件位於上述外部空間側且上述第1層合玻璃構件位於上述內部空間側之方式安裝者。
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| JP3068924B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-29 | 2000-07-24 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 熱線遮断膜 |
| JP2001226148A (ja) * | 1999-12-06 | 2001-08-21 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 熱線遮断ガラス、熱線遮断合わせガラスおよび熱線遮断電熱合わせガラス |
| EP1329307B1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2012-07-11 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Transparent laminate having low emissivity |
| US6933051B2 (en) * | 2002-08-17 | 2005-08-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flexible electrically conductive film |
| WO2012165501A1 (ja) * | 2011-05-30 | 2012-12-06 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 低放射率積層体、および複層ガラス |
| JP2015003388A (ja) * | 2011-10-21 | 2015-01-08 | 旭硝子株式会社 | ガラス積層体 |
| BR112016016924B1 (pt) * | 2014-01-31 | 2022-01-11 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd | Película intermediária para vidro laminado, vidro laminado e método para instalação de vidro laminado |
| KR20180055829A (ko) * | 2015-09-28 | 2018-05-25 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | 접합 유리용 중간막 및 접합 유리 |
| JP2017081775A (ja) | 2015-10-26 | 2017-05-18 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 合わせガラス |
| US20190061323A1 (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2019-02-28 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Interlayer for laminated glass, laminated glass, and laminated glass system |
-
2019
- 2019-03-29 TW TW108111418A patent/TW202003237A/zh unknown
- 2019-03-29 KR KR1020207025453A patent/KR20200138189A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-03-29 JP JP2019519027A patent/JP7271418B2/ja active Active
- 2019-03-29 US US17/040,475 patent/US20210023823A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-03-29 WO PCT/JP2019/013948 patent/WO2019189738A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2019-03-29 EP EP19777939.0A patent/EP3778518A4/en active Pending
- 2019-03-29 CN CN201980022996.7A patent/CN111918848B/zh active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20210023823A1 (en) | 2021-01-28 |
| KR20200138189A (ko) | 2020-12-09 |
| WO2019189738A1 (ja) | 2019-10-03 |
| EP3778518A4 (en) | 2021-12-29 |
| CN111918848A (zh) | 2020-11-10 |
| EP3778518A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
| JP7271418B2 (ja) | 2023-05-11 |
| JPWO2019189738A1 (ja) | 2021-02-12 |
| CN111918848B (zh) | 2024-03-15 |
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