TW201941948A - 層合玻璃用中間膜、層合玻璃及抬頭顯示器系統之製造方法 - Google Patents
層合玻璃用中間膜、層合玻璃及抬頭顯示器系統之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201941948A TW201941948A TW108111412A TW108111412A TW201941948A TW 201941948 A TW201941948 A TW 201941948A TW 108111412 A TW108111412 A TW 108111412A TW 108111412 A TW108111412 A TW 108111412A TW 201941948 A TW201941948 A TW 201941948A
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Classifications
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/082—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising vinyl resins; comprising acrylic resins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract
本發明提供一種可提高隔熱性且可抑制多重像而使圖像顯示良好之層合玻璃用中間膜。 本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜係用於作為抬頭顯示器之層合玻璃之層合玻璃用中間膜,具有與上述抬頭顯示器之顯示區域對應之顯示對應區域,具有紅外線反射層、包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第2樹脂層,於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層,於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑。
Description
本發明係關於一種具有紅外線反射層之層合玻璃用中間膜。又,本發明係關於一種具備具有紅外線反射層之中間膜之層合玻璃。又,本發明係關於一種使用具備具有紅外線反射層之中間膜之層合玻璃之抬頭顯示器系統之製造方法。
層合玻璃一般即便受到外部衝擊而破損,玻璃碎片之飛濺量亦較少而安全性優異。因此,上述層合玻璃廣泛用於汽車、鐵路車輛、飛機、船舶及建築物等。上述層合玻璃係藉由將層合玻璃用中間膜夾入一對玻璃板之間而製造。此種用於車輛及建築物之開口部之層合玻璃要求較高之隔熱性。
為了提高隔熱性,存在使用具備紅外線反射層之中間膜之情況。具備紅外線反射層之中間膜揭示於下述專利文獻1中。
又,作為汽車所使用之層合玻璃,已知有抬頭顯示器(HUD)。於HUD中,可使作為汽車之移動資料之速度等測量資訊等顯示於汽車之擋風玻璃,駕駛員可以顯示放映於擋風玻璃之前方之方式來識別。
於上述HUD中,存在測量資訊等雙重出現之問題。
為了抑制雙重像,使用楔狀之中間膜。於下述專利文獻2中揭示有將具有特定楔角之楔狀之中間膜夾入一對玻璃板之間之層合玻璃。於此種層合玻璃中,可藉由調整中間膜之楔角,而於駕駛員之視野內將於1個玻璃板反射之測量資訊之顯示與於另一玻璃板反射之測量資訊之顯示連接成1點。因此,測量資訊之顯示不易雙重出現,從而不易阻礙駕駛員之視界。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2017-81775號公報 [專利文獻2]日本專利特表平4-502525號公報
[發明所欲解決之問題]
專利文獻1所記載之具備紅外線反射層之中間膜並非為楔狀。又,使用該中間膜之層合玻璃亦並非為楔狀。
專利文獻2所記載之中間膜為楔狀。於專利文獻2中,藉由將於1個玻璃板反射之測量資訊之顯示與於另一玻璃板反射之測量資訊之顯示於駕駛員之視野內連接成1點而抑制雙重像。
使用不具備紅外線反射層之中間膜之層合玻璃可藉由調整中間膜之楔角而相對容易地抑制多重像。
另一方面,若將具備紅外線反射層之中間膜設為楔狀,製作使用楔狀之中間膜之層合玻璃,則於該層合玻璃中,測量資訊之顯示亦會因紅外線反射層中之反射而產生。因此,存在僅藉由調整中間膜之楔角而無法充分地抑制多重像之情況。
本發明之目的在於提供一種可提高隔熱性且可抑制多重像而使圖像顯示良好之層合玻璃用中間膜及層合玻璃。又,本發明之目的亦在於提供一種使用上述層合玻璃之抬頭顯示器系統之製造方法。 [解決問題之技術手段]
根據本發明之較寬之態樣,提供一種層合玻璃用中間膜(以下,有時記載為中間膜),其係用於作為抬頭顯示器之層合玻璃之層合玻璃用中間膜,具有與上述抬頭顯示器之顯示區域對應之顯示對應區域,具有紅外線反射層、包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第2樹脂層,於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層,於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑。
於本發明之中間膜之某一特定態樣中,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層之兩者均具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。
於本發明之中間膜之某一特定態樣中,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層之一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角,另一者具有未達0.1 mrad之楔角。
於本發明之中間膜之某一特定態樣中,具有未達0.1 mrad之楔角之樹脂層包含上述著色劑。
於本發明之中間膜之某一特定態樣中,上述著色劑為酞菁化合物、萘酞菁化合物或蒽酞菁化合物。
上述第1樹脂層中之上述熱塑性樹脂較佳為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂。上述第2樹脂層中之上述熱塑性樹脂較佳為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂。
較佳為上述第1樹脂層包含塑化劑。較佳為上述第2樹脂層包含塑化劑。
根據本發明之較寬之態樣,提供一種層合玻璃,其具備第1層合玻璃構件、第2層合玻璃構件、及上述層合玻璃用中間膜,於上述第1樹脂層之外側配置有上述第1層合玻璃構件,於上述第2樹脂層之外側配置有上述第2層合玻璃構件。
又,根據本發明之較寬之態樣,提供一種層合玻璃,其係抬頭顯示器,具有上述抬頭顯示器之顯示區域,具備第1層合玻璃構件、第2層合玻璃構件、及中間膜,上述中間膜具有與上述抬頭顯示器之上述顯示區域對應之顯示對應區域,上述中間膜具有紅外線反射層、包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第2樹脂層,於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層,於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層,於上述第1樹脂層之外側配置有上述第1層合玻璃構件,於上述第2樹脂層之外側配置有上述第2層合玻璃構件,上述第1層合玻璃構件與上述第1樹脂層之第1積層體及上述第2樹脂層與上述第2層合玻璃構件之第2積層體中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑。於該層合玻璃中,較佳為上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。
於本發明之層合玻璃之某一特定態樣中,上述層合玻璃係於車輛中,以於外部空間與供來自上述外部空間之熱線入射之內部空間之間之開口部上述第1層合玻璃構件位於外部空間側且上述第2層合玻璃構件位於內部空間側之方式安裝者,且上述第1樹脂層具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。
於本發明之層合玻璃之某一特定態樣中,上述層合玻璃係於車輛中,以於外部空間與供來自上述外部空間之熱線入射之內部空間之間之開口部上述第1層合玻璃構件位於上述外部空間側且上述第2層合玻璃構件位於上述內部空間側之方式安裝者,且上述第2樹脂層於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑。
根據本發明之較寬之態樣,提供一種抬頭顯示器系統之製造方法,其具備如下步驟:於具有外部空間與供來自上述外部空間之熱線入射之內部空間之間之開口部、及用以將圖像顯示用之光照射至上述層合玻璃之光源裝置之建築物或車輛中,以上述第1層合玻璃構件位於上述外部空間側且上述第2層合玻璃構件位於上述內部空間側之方式將上述層合玻璃安裝於上述開口部。 [發明之效果]
本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜用於作為抬頭顯示器之層合玻璃。本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜具有與上述抬頭顯示器之顯示區域對應之顯示對應區域。本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜具有紅外線反射層、包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第2樹脂層。於本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜中,於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層,於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層。於本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜中,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。於本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜中,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑。本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜具備上述構成,因此可提高隔熱性且可抑制多重像而使圖像顯示良好。
本發明之層合玻璃係抬頭顯示器。本發明之層合玻璃具有上述抬頭顯示器之顯示區域。本發明之層合玻璃具備第1層合玻璃構件、第2層合玻璃構件、及中間膜。於本發明之層合玻璃中,上述中間膜具有紅外線反射層、包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第2樹脂層。於本發明之層合玻璃中,於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層,於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層。於本發明之層合玻璃中,於上述第1樹脂層之外側配置有上述第1層合玻璃構件,於上述第2樹脂層之外側配置有上述第2層合玻璃構件。於本發明之層合玻璃中,上述第1層合玻璃構件與上述第1樹脂層之第1積層體及上述第2樹脂層與上述第2層合玻璃構件之第2積層體中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。於本發明之層合玻璃中,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑。本發明之層合玻璃具備上述構成,因此可提高隔熱性且可抑制多重像而使圖像顯示良好。
以下,對本發明之詳細內容進行說明。
本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜(以下,有時記載為中間膜)係用於作為抬頭顯示器之層合玻璃。本發明之中間膜係可用於作為抬頭顯示器之層之中間膜。本發明之中間膜具有與上述抬頭顯示器之顯示區域對應之顯示對應區域。本發明之中間膜具有紅外線反射層、包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第2樹脂層。於本發明之中間膜中,於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層,於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層。於本發明之中間膜中,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。於本發明之層合玻璃用中間膜中,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者包含著色劑。
本發明之中間膜具備上述構成,因此可提高隔熱性且可抑制多重像而使圖像顯示良好。本發明者等人為了達成隔熱性之提高與多重像之抑制兩者而進行了研究,結果發現,只要於具備紅外線反射層之中間膜中,調整樹脂層之楔角且使樹脂層包含著色劑即可。
本發明之層合玻璃係抬頭顯示器。本發明之層合玻璃具有上述抬頭顯示器之顯示區域。本發明之層合玻璃具備第1層合玻璃構件、第2層合玻璃構件、及中間膜。於本發明之層合玻璃中,上述中間膜具有紅外線反射層、包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第2樹脂層。於本發明之層合玻璃中,於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層,於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層。於本發明之層合玻璃中,於上述第1樹脂層之外側配置有上述第1層合玻璃構件,於上述第2樹脂層之外側配置有上述第2層合玻璃構件。於本發明之層合玻璃中,上述第1層合玻璃構件與上述第1樹脂層之第1積層體及上述第2樹脂層與上述第2層合玻璃構件之第2積層體中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。於本發明之層合玻璃中,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑。
本發明之層合玻璃具備上述構成,因此可提高隔熱性且可抑制多重像而使圖像顯示良好。本發明者等人為了達成隔熱性之提高與多重像之抑制兩者而進行了研究,結果發現,只要於使用具備紅外線反射層之中間膜之層合玻璃中,調整層合玻璃構件與樹脂層之積層體之楔角且使樹脂層包含著色劑即可。
上述紅外線反射層有效地提高隔熱性。於使用具有紅外線反射層之中間膜之層合玻璃中,測量資訊之顯示亦會因紅外線反射層之反射而產生。若使用紅外線反射層,則存在根據樹脂層之構成無法充分地抑制多重像之情況。於本發明中,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角,且上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者包含著色劑,因此可抑制多重像。又,亦可藉由使上述第1積層體及上述第2積層體中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角,上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者包含著色劑而抑制多重像。
第1樹脂層及第2樹脂層中之至少一者較佳為具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。於第1樹脂層為楔狀之情形時,第2樹脂層亦可為矩形。於第2樹脂層為楔狀之情形時,第1樹脂層亦可為矩形。第1樹脂層之楔角可為0 mrad,亦可超過0 mrad,較佳為0.1 mrad以上。於0 mrad時,第1樹脂層並非為楔狀。第2樹脂層之楔角可為0 mrad,亦可超過0 mrad,亦可未達0.1 mrad,較佳為0.1 mrad以上。於0 mrad時,第2樹脂層並非為楔狀。
將第1層合玻璃構件與第1樹脂層積層而成之2層作為第1積層體。將第2樹脂層與第2層合玻璃構件積層而成之2層作為第2積層體。較佳為第1積層體及第2積層體中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。於第1積層體為楔狀之情形時,第2積層體可為矩形。於第2積層體為楔狀之情形時,第1積層體可為矩形。於第1積層體為楔狀之情形時,可為第1樹脂層為楔狀,亦可為第1層合玻璃構件為楔狀,亦可為第1樹脂層與第1層合玻璃構件為楔狀。於第2積層體為楔狀之情形時,可為第2樹脂層為楔狀,亦可為第2層合玻璃構件為楔狀,亦可為第2樹脂層與第2層合玻璃構件為楔狀。第1積層體之楔角可為0 mrad,亦可超過0 mrad,亦可未達0.1 mrad,較佳為0.1 mrad以上。於0 mrad時,第1積層體並非為楔狀。第2積層體之楔角可為0 mrad,亦可超過0 mrad,亦可未達0.1 mrad,較佳為0.1 mrad以上。於0 mrad時,第2積層體並非為楔狀。
中間膜之楔角較佳為0.1 mrad以上。層合玻璃之楔角較佳為0.1 mrad以上。
就使多重像進一步良好之觀點而言,較佳為第1樹脂層及第2樹脂層之兩者均為楔狀。存在僅上述第1樹脂層及第2樹脂層之其中一者包含隔熱性物質之情形。於該情形時,就使面內之透過率及色調不均進一步良好之觀點而言,較佳為包含隔熱性物質之樹脂層具有未達0.1 mrad之楔角,不包含隔熱性物質之樹脂層具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。存在上述第1樹脂層及第2樹脂層之兩者均包含隔熱性物質,且上述第1樹脂層與上述第2樹脂層之隔熱性物質之含量不同之情形。於該情形時,就使面內之透過率及色調不均進一步良好之觀點而言,較佳為隔熱性物質之含量較多之樹脂層具有未達0.1 mrad之楔角,隔熱性物質之含量較少之樹脂層具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。具有未達0.1 mrad之楔角之樹脂層之楔角可為0 mrad,亦可超過0 mrad。
就進一步抑制多重像之觀點而言,第1樹脂層、第2樹脂層、第1積層體、第2積層體、中間膜、及層合玻璃之楔角分別較佳為0.2 mrad(0.0115度)以上。若上述楔角為上述下限以上,則可獲得適合卡車或公交車等擋風玻璃之安裝角度較大之車之層合玻璃。
第1樹脂層、第2樹脂層、第1積層體、第2積層體、中間膜、及層合玻璃之楔角分別較佳為2 mrad(0.1146度)以下,更佳為0.7 mrad(0.0401度)以下,進而較佳為0.5 mrad(0.0288度)以下,尤佳為0.47 mrad(0.027度)以下。若上述楔角為上述上限以下,則可進一步抑制多重像。若上述楔角為上述上限以下,則可獲得適合賽車等擋風玻璃之安裝角度較小之車之層合玻璃。
上述中間膜之楔角(圖1之θ)係連結中間膜中之最大厚度部分與最小厚度部分之中間膜之第1表面(一表面)部分之直線與連結中間膜中之最大厚度部分與最小厚度部分之中間膜之第2表面(另一表面)部分之直線之交點處之內角。再者,於存在複數個最大厚度部分、存在複數個最小厚度部分、最大厚度部分位於固定區域或最小厚度部分位於固定區域之情形時,用以求出楔角之最大厚度部分及最小厚度部分以所求出之楔角成為最大之方式選擇。
第1樹脂層、第2樹脂層、第1積層體、第2積層體及層合玻璃之楔角可與中間膜之楔角同樣地進行判斷。
上述中間膜亦可被捲繞成卷狀而被製成中間膜之輥體。輥體可具備捲芯及中間膜。中間膜可捲繞於捲芯之外周。
以下,一面參照圖式,一面對本發明之具體實施形態進行說明。
圖1(a)及(b)係模式性地表示使用本發明之第1實施形態之層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃的剖視圖及前視圖。圖1(a)係沿著圖1(b)中之I-I線之剖視圖。再者,於圖1(a)、圖1(b)及下述圖中,為便於圖示,層合玻璃及構成層合玻璃之各構件之厚度、以及楔角(θ)係以與實際厚度及楔角不同之方式示出。再者,於圖1(a)、圖1(b)及下述圖中,不同部位可相互替換。
於圖1(a)及圖1(b)中示出層合玻璃11。於圖1(a)中示出層合玻璃11之厚度方向之剖面。
層合玻璃11具有一端11a、及位於一端11a之相反側之另一端11b。一端11a與另一端11b係相互對向之兩側之端部。層合玻璃11之另一端11b之厚度大於一端11a之厚度。因此,層合玻璃11具有厚度較薄之區域與厚度較厚之區域。又,亦可謂一端11a為層合玻璃之下端,另一端11b為層合玻璃之上端。
層合玻璃11係抬頭顯示器。層合玻璃11具有抬頭顯示器之顯示區域R1。
層合玻璃11於顯示區域R1之旁邊具有周圍區域R2。
層合玻璃11與顯示區域R1隔開地具有陰影區域R3。陰影區域R3位於層合玻璃11之緣部。
圖1(a)及圖1(b)所示之層合玻璃11具備第1層合玻璃構件1、第1樹脂層2、紅外線反射層3、第2樹脂層4、及第2層合玻璃構件5。第1層合玻璃構件1、第1樹脂層2、紅外線反射層3、第2樹脂層4、第2層合玻璃構件5係依序並列配置。
第1樹脂層2、紅外線反射層3、及第2樹脂層4之積層體係中間膜10(層合玻璃用中間膜)。中間膜10配置於第1層合玻璃構件1與第2層合玻璃構件5之間。
中間膜10具有與顯示區域R1對應之顯示對應區域。
中間膜10具有一端10a、及位於一端10a之相反側之另一端10b。一端10a與另一端10b係相互對向之兩側之端部。中間膜10之另一端10b之厚度大於一端10a之厚度。因此,中間膜10具有厚度較薄之區域與厚度較厚之區域。
第1樹脂層2與第2樹脂層4為楔狀。第1層合玻璃構件1、紅外線反射層3、第2層合玻璃構件5為矩形。於楔狀之各構件中,各構件之厚度方向之剖面形狀為楔狀。於矩形之各構件中,各構件之厚度方向之剖面形狀為矩形。第1層合玻璃構件1與第1樹脂層2之第1積層體為楔狀。第2樹脂層4與第2層合玻璃構件5之第2積層體為楔狀。
於本實施形態中,第1樹脂層2之楔角為0.1 mrad以上。於本實施形態中,第2樹脂層4之楔角為0.1 mrad以上。
圖2(a)及(b)係模式性地表示本發明之第2實施形態之層合玻璃之剖視圖及前視圖。圖2(a)係沿著圖2(b)中之I-I線之剖視圖。
於圖2(a)及圖2(b)中示出層合玻璃11A。於圖2(a)中示出層合玻璃11A之厚度方向之剖面。
層合玻璃11A具有一端11a、及位於一端11a之相反側之另一端11b。層合玻璃11A之另一端11b之厚度大於一端11a之厚度。因此,層合玻璃11A具有厚度較薄之區域與厚度較厚之區域。
層合玻璃11A係抬頭顯示器。層合玻璃11A具有抬頭顯示器之顯示區域R1。
層合玻璃11A於顯示區域R1之旁邊具有周圍區域R2。
層合玻璃11A與顯示區域R1隔開地具有陰影區域R3。陰影區域R3位於層合玻璃11A之緣部。
層合玻璃11A具備第1層合玻璃構件1A、第1樹脂層2A、紅外線反射層3A、第2樹脂層4A、及第2層合玻璃構件5A。第1層合玻璃構件1A、第1樹脂層2A、紅外線反射層3A、第2樹脂層4A、及第2層合玻璃構件5A係依序並列配置。
第1樹脂層2A、紅外線反射層3A、及第2樹脂層4A之積層體係中間膜10A(層合玻璃用中間膜)。中間膜10A配置於第1層合玻璃構件1A與第2層合玻璃構件5A之間。
中間膜10A具有與顯示區域R1對應之顯示對應區域。
中間膜10A具有一端10a、及位於一端10a之相反側之另一端10b。一端10a與另一端10b係相互對向之兩側之端部。中間膜10A之另一端10b之厚度大於一端10a之厚度。因此,中間膜10A具有厚度較薄之區域與厚度較厚之區域。
第1樹脂層2A為楔狀。第1層合玻璃構件1A、紅外線反射層3A、第2樹脂層4A、第2層合玻璃構件5A為矩形。第1層合玻璃構件1A與第1樹脂層2A之第1積層體為楔狀。第2樹脂層4A與第2層合玻璃構件5A之第2積層體為矩形。
於本實施形態中,第1樹脂層2A之楔角為0.1 mrad以上。
層合玻璃11、11A於另一端11b具有最大厚度,於一端11a具有最小厚度。中間膜10、10A於另一端10b具有最大厚度,於一端10a具有最小厚度。
上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃具有一端、及位於上述一端之相反側之另一端。上述一端與上述另一端係於上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃中相互對向之兩側之端部。於本發明之層合玻璃中,較佳為上述另一端之厚度大於上述一端之厚度。
中間膜之最大厚度較佳為0.1 mm以上,更佳為0.25 mm以上,進而較佳為0.5 mm以上,尤佳為0.8 mm以上,較佳為3 mm以下,更佳為2 mm以下,進而較佳為1.5 mm以下。
就進一步有效地抑制多重像之觀點而言,上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃較佳為於自上述一端朝向上述另一端6 cm之位置至自上述一端朝向另一端63.8 cm之位置之區域內具有上述顯示對應區域及上述顯示區域。又,如上所述,由於亦可謂一端11a為層合玻璃之下端、另一端11b為層合玻璃之上端,故而亦可謂上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃較佳為於自下端朝向上端側6 cm之位置至自下端朝向上端63.8 cm之位置之區域內具有上述顯示對應區域及上述顯示區域。上述顯示對應區域及上述顯示區域可存在於自上述一端朝向上述另一端6 cm之位置至自上述一端朝向另一端63.8 cm之位置之區域內之一部分,亦可存在於整體。
較佳為上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃具有厚度方向之剖面形狀為楔狀之部分。較佳為顯示對應區域及顯示區域之厚度方向之剖面形狀為楔狀。
就有效地抑制多重像之觀點而言,較佳為於自上述一端朝向上述另一端6 cm之位置至自上述一端朝向上述另一端63.8 cm之位置之區域中,上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃具有厚度方向之剖面形狀為楔狀之部分。厚度方向之剖面形狀為楔狀之部分可存在於至自上述一端朝向另一端63.8 cm之位置之區域內之一部分,亦可存在於整體。
上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃亦可具有陰影區域。上述陰影區域可與上述顯示對應區域及上述顯示區域隔開。就有效地抑制多重像之觀點而言,較佳為上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃不具有陰影區域,或者較佳為於具有陰影區域之情形時,上述陰影區域與上述顯示對應區域及上述顯示區域隔開。上述陰影區域例如係為了防止因太陽光線或屋外照明等而導致駕駛中之駕駛員感到眩暈等而設置。亦存在上述陰影區域係用以賦予隔熱性而設置之情況。上述陰影區域較佳為位於上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃之緣部。上述陰影區域較佳為帶狀。
於陰影區域中,為了改變顏色及可見光線透過率,亦可使用著色劑或填充劑。著色劑或填充劑可僅包含於上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃之厚度方向之一部分區域,亦可包含於上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃之厚度方向之整個區域。
就有效地抑制多重像之觀點而言,較佳為上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者於與上述陰影區域不同之區域包含上述著色劑。
就使顯示進一步良好並進一步擴大視野之觀點而言,上述顯示對應區域及上述顯示區域之可見光線透過率較佳為70%以上,較佳為74%以上,更佳為75%以上,進一步較佳為78%以上,進而較佳為80%以上,進而較佳為85%以上,尤佳為88%以上,最佳為90%以上。上述顯示對應區域及上述顯示區域之可見光線透過率較佳為高於上述陰影區域之可見光線透過率。上述顯示對應區域及上述顯示區域之可見光線透過率亦可低於上述陰影區域之可見光線透過率。上述顯示區域之可見光線透過率較上述陰影區域之可見光線透過率較佳高50%以上、更佳高60%以上。
再者,例如於在上述顯示對應區域、上述顯示區域及上述陰影區域中可見光線透過率變化之情形時,於上述顯示對應區域及上述顯示區域之中心位置及上述陰影區域之中心位置測定可見光線透過率。
可使用分光光度計(日立高新技術公司製造之「U-4100」),並依據JIS R3211:1998,測定層合玻璃之波長380 nm~780 nm下之上述可見光線透過率。再者,較佳為使用厚度2 mm之透明玻璃作為玻璃板。
上述顯示對應區域及上述顯示區域較佳為具有長度方向與寬度方向。由於層合玻璃之通用性優異,故而上述顯示對應區域及上述顯示區域之寬度方向較佳為將上述一端與上述另一端連結之方向。上述顯示對應區域及上述顯示區域較佳為帶狀。
上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層較佳為分別具有MD(Machine direction,縱向)與TD(Transverse Direction,橫向)。上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層例如係藉由熔融擠出成形而獲得。MD方向係上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層之製造時之樹脂層之行進方向。TD方向係上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層之製造時之與上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層之行進方向正交之方向,且係與上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層之厚度方向正交之方向。較佳為上述一端與上述另一端位於TD方向之兩側。
將一端與另一端之間之距離設為X。上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃較佳為於自一端朝向內側0 X~0.2 X之距離之區域具有最小厚度,於自另一端朝向內側0 X~0.2 X之距離之區域具有最大厚度。上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃更佳為於自一端朝向內側0 X~0.1 X之距離之區域具有最小厚度,於自另一端朝向內側0 X~0.1 X之距離之區域具有最大厚度。較佳為上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃於一端具有最小厚度,上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃於另一端具有最大厚度。
上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃亦可具有厚度均一部位。所謂上述厚度均一部位,係指於連結上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃之一端與另一端之方向上之每10 cm之距離範圍內厚度變化不會超過10 μm。因此,上述厚度均一部位係指於連結上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃之上述一端與上述另一端之方向上之每10 cm之距離範圍內厚度變化不會超過10 μm之部位。具體而言,上述厚度均一部位係指於連結上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃之上述一端與上述另一端之方向上厚度完全不會變化或於連結上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃之上述一端與上述另一端之方向上之每10 cm之距離範圍內厚度以10 μm以下變化之部位。
上述中間膜及上述層合玻璃之一端與另一端之距離X較佳為3 m以下,更佳為2 m以下,尤佳為1.5 m以下,較佳為0.5 m以上,更佳為0.8 m以上,尤佳為1 m以上。
上述層合玻璃較佳為於車輛中,以於外部空間與供來自上述外部空間之熱線入射之內部空間之間之開口部上述第1層合玻璃構件位於上述外部空間側且上述第2層合玻璃構件位於上述內部空間側之方式安裝。
以下,對構成本發明之中間膜及層合玻璃之各構件之其他詳細內容進行說明。
(紅外線反射層) 上述紅外線反射層反射紅外線。上述紅外線反射層只要具有反射紅外線之性能,則並無特別限定。
作為上述紅外線反射層,可列舉:附金屬箔之樹脂膜、於樹脂層上形成有金屬層及介電層之多層積層膜、包含石墨之膜、多層樹脂膜及液晶膜等。該等膜具有反射紅外線之性能。
上述紅外線反射層較佳為附金屬箔之樹脂膜、包含石墨之膜、多層樹脂膜或液晶膜。該等膜之紅外線之反射性能極其優異。因此,藉由使用該等膜,可獲得隔熱性更高且可於更長之期間內維持較高之可見光線透過率之層合玻璃。
上述附金屬箔之樹脂膜具備樹脂膜、及積層於該樹脂膜之外表面之金屬箔。作為上述樹脂膜之材料,可列舉:聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯樹脂、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯樹脂、聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物樹脂、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂、聚乙烯醇樹脂、聚烯烴樹脂、聚氯乙烯樹脂及聚醯亞胺樹脂等。作為上述金屬箔之材料,可列舉:鋁、銅、銀、金、鈀、及包含該等之合金等。
於上述樹脂層上形成有金屬層及介電層之多層積層膜係金屬層及介電層以任意層數交替地積層於樹脂層(樹脂膜)而成之多層積層膜。再者,於上述樹脂層上積層有金屬層及介電層之多層積層膜較佳為金屬層及介電層全部交替地積層,亦可存在如金屬層/介電層/金屬層/介電層/金屬層/金屬層/介電層/金屬層般一部分並未交替地積層之構造部分。
作為上述多層積層膜中之上述樹脂層(樹脂膜)之材料,可列舉與上述附金屬箔之樹脂膜中之樹脂膜之材料相同之材料。作為上述多層積層膜中之上述樹脂層(樹脂膜)之材料,可列舉:聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚(4-甲基戊烯-1)、聚偏二氟乙烯、環狀聚烯烴、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、尼龍6,11,12,66等聚醯胺、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯、聚酯、聚苯硫醚及聚醚醯亞胺等。作為上述多層積層膜中之上述金屬層之材料,可列舉與上述附金屬箔之樹脂膜中之上述金屬箔之材料相同之材料。可於上述金屬層之兩面或者單面賦予金屬或者金屬之混合氧化物之塗佈層。作為上述塗佈層之材料,可列舉:ZnO、Al2
O3
、Ga2
O3
、InO3
、MgO、Ti、NiCr及Cu等。
作為上述多層積層膜中之上述介電層之材料,例如可列舉氧化銦等。
上述多層樹脂膜係積層有複數個樹脂膜之積層膜。作為上述多層樹脂膜之材料,可列舉與上述多層積層膜中之上述樹脂層(樹脂膜)之材料相同之材料。上述多層樹脂膜中之樹脂膜之積層數為2以上,亦可為3以上,亦可為5以上。上述多層樹脂膜中之樹脂膜之積層數可為1000以下,亦可為100以下,亦可為50以下。
上述多層樹脂膜亦可為具有不同光學性質(折射率)之2種以上之熱塑性樹脂層以任意層數交替或無規地積層而成之多層樹脂膜。此種多層樹脂膜係以可獲得所需紅外線反射性能之方式構成。
作為上述液晶膜,可列舉將反射任意波長之光之膽固醇狀液晶層以任意層數積層而成之膜。此種液晶膜係以可獲得所需紅外線反射性能之方式構成。
就反射紅外線之性能優異之方面而言,較佳為上述紅外線反射層具有於800 nm~2000 nm之範圍內之至少1個波長下紅外線透過率為40%以下之性質。再者,下述實施例中所使用之紅外線反射層之紅外線透過率滿足上述較佳之條件。於800 nm~2000 nm之範圍內之至少1個波長下,紅外線透過率更佳為30%以下,進而較佳為20%以下。
上述紅外線反射層之波長800 nm~2000 nm之範圍內之各波長之透過率具體而言係以如下方式測定。準備單獨之紅外線反射層。使用分光光度計(日立高新技術公司製造之「U-4100」),並依據JIS R3106:1998或JIS R3107:2013,獲得紅外線反射層之波長800 nm~2000 nm內之各波長之分光透過率。較佳為依據JIS R3107:2013獲得紅外線反射層之波長800 nm~2000 nm內之各波長之分光透過率。
(第1樹脂層及第2樹脂層) 熱塑性樹脂: 第1樹脂層包含熱塑性樹脂(以下,有時記載為熱塑性樹脂(1))。第1樹脂層較佳為包含聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(以下,有時記載為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(1))作為熱塑性樹脂(1)。第2樹脂層包含熱塑性樹脂(以下,有時記載為熱塑性樹脂(2))。第2樹脂層較佳為包含聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(以下,有時記載為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(2))作為熱塑性樹脂(2)。
上述熱塑性樹脂(1)與上述熱塑性樹脂(2)可相同,亦可不同。上述熱塑性樹脂(1)及上述熱塑性樹脂(2)分別可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(1)及上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(2)分別可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
作為上述熱塑性樹脂,可列舉:聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物樹脂、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂、聚乙烯醇樹脂、聚烯烴樹脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂及離子聚合物樹脂等。亦可使用該等以外之熱塑性樹脂。
上述熱塑性樹脂較佳為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂。藉由併用聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂與塑化劑,而樹脂層對層合玻璃構件及紅外線反射層等其他層之接著力進一步提高。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂例如可藉由利用醛使聚乙烯醇(PVA)縮醛化而製造。上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂較佳為聚乙烯醇之縮醛化物。上述聚乙烯醇例如係藉由使聚乙酸乙烯酯皂化而獲得。上述聚乙烯醇之皂化度一般為70~99.9莫耳%之範圍內。
上述聚乙烯醇(PVA)之平均聚合度較佳為200以上,更佳為500以上,進一步較佳為1500以上,進而較佳為1600以上,尤佳為2600以上,最佳為2700以上,較佳為5000以下,更佳為4000以下,進而較佳為3500以下。若上述平均聚合度為上述下限以上,則層合玻璃之耐貫通性進一步提高。若上述平均聚合度為上述上限以下,則樹脂層之成形變得容易。
上述聚乙烯醇之平均聚合度係藉由依據JIS K6726「聚乙烯醇試驗方法」之方法而求出。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂中所包含之縮醛基之碳數並無特別限定。製造上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂時所使用之醛並無特別限定。上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂中之縮醛基之碳數較佳為3~5,更佳為3或4。若上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂中之縮醛基之碳數為3以上,則樹脂層之玻璃轉移溫度變得充分低。
上述醛並無特別限定。通常較佳地使用碳數為1~10之醛。作為上述碳數為1~10之醛,例如可列舉:丙醛、正丁醛、異丁醛、正戊醛、2-乙基丁醛、正己醛、正辛醛、正壬醛、正癸醛、甲醛、乙醛及苯甲醛等。較佳為丙醛、正丁醛、異丁醛、正己醛或正戊醛,更佳為丙醛、正丁醛或異丁醛,進而較佳為正丁醛。上述醛可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之羥基之含有率(羥基量)較佳為15莫耳%以上,更佳為18莫耳%以上,進而較佳為20莫耳%以上,尤佳為28莫耳%以上,較佳為40莫耳%以下,更佳為35莫耳%以下,進而較佳為32莫耳%以下。若上述羥基之含有率為上述下限以上,則樹脂層之接著力進一步提高。又,若上述羥基之含有率為上述上限以下,則樹脂層之柔軟性提高,樹脂層之操作變得容易。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之羥基之含有率係以百分率表示鍵結有羥基之伸乙基量除以主鏈之總伸乙基量所求出之莫耳分率所得之值。上述鍵結有羥基之伸乙基量例如可依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」進行測定。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之乙醯化度(乙醯基量)較佳為0.1莫耳%以上,更佳為0.3莫耳%以上,進而較佳為0.5莫耳%以上,較佳為30莫耳%以下,更佳為25莫耳%以下,進而較佳為20莫耳%以下,尤佳為15莫耳%以下,最佳為3莫耳%以下。若上述乙醯化度為上述下限以上,則聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂與塑化劑之相溶性提高。若上述乙醯化度為上述上限以下,則層合玻璃之耐濕性提高。
上述乙醯化度係以百分率表示鍵結有乙醯基之伸乙基量除以主鏈之總伸乙基量所求出之莫耳分率所得之值。上述鍵結有乙醯基之伸乙基量例如可依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」進行測定。
上述聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之縮醛化度(於聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂之情形時為丁醛化度)較佳為60莫耳%以上,更佳為63莫耳%以上,較佳為85莫耳%以下,更佳為75莫耳%以下,進而較佳為70莫耳%以下。若上述縮醛化度為上述下限以上,則聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂與塑化劑之相溶性提高。若上述縮醛化度為上述上限以下,則製造聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂所需之反應時間縮短。
上述縮醛化度係以如下方式求出。首先,求出主鏈之總伸乙基量減去鍵結有羥基之伸乙基量與鍵結有乙醯基之伸乙基量所得之值。將所獲得之值除以主鏈之總伸乙基量而求出莫耳分率。以百分率表示該莫耳分率所得之值為縮醛化度。
再者,上述羥基之含有率(羥基量)、縮醛化度(丁醛化度)及乙醯化度較佳為根據藉由依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」之方法所測得之結果而算出。但是,亦可使用基於ASTM D1396-92之測定。於聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂為聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂之情形時,上述羥基之含有率(羥基量)、上述縮醛化度(丁醛化度)及上述乙醯化度可根據藉由依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」之方法所測得之結果算出。
塑化劑: 就進一步提高樹脂層之接著力之觀點而言,上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含塑化劑(以下,有時記載為塑化劑(1))。就進一步提高樹脂層之接著力之觀點而言,上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含塑化劑(以下,有時記載為塑化劑(2))。於樹脂層中所包含之熱塑性樹脂為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之情形時,樹脂層尤佳為包含塑化劑。包含聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂之層較佳為包含塑化劑。
上述塑化劑並無特別限定。作為上述塑化劑,可使用先前公知之塑化劑。上述塑化劑可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
作為上述塑化劑,可列舉:一元性有機酸酯及多元性有機酸酯等有機酯塑化劑、以及有機磷酸塑化劑及有機亞磷酸塑化劑等有機磷酸塑化劑等。較佳為有機酯塑化劑。上述塑化劑較佳為液狀塑化劑。
作為上述一元性有機酸酯,可列舉藉由二醇與一元性有機酸之反應而獲得之二醇酯等。作為上述二醇,可列舉:三乙二醇、四乙二醇及三丙二醇等。作為上述一元性有機酸,可列舉:丁酸、異丁酸、己酸、2-乙基丁酸、庚酸、正辛酸、2-乙基己酸、正壬酸及癸酸等。
作為上述多元性有機酸酯,可列舉多元性有機酸與具有碳數4~8之直鏈或支鏈結構之醇之酯化合物等。作為上述多元性有機酸,可列舉:己二酸、癸二酸及壬二酸等。
作為上述有機酯塑化劑,可列舉:三乙二醇二-2-乙基丙酸酯、三乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯、三乙二醇二辛酸酯、三乙二醇二-正辛酸酯、三乙二醇二-正庚酸酯、四乙二醇二-正庚酸酯、癸二酸二丁酯、壬二酸二辛酯、二丁基卡必醇己二酸酯、乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、1,3-丙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、二乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、二乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯、二丙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、三乙二醇二-2-乙基戊酸酯、四乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、二乙二醇二辛酸酯、己二酸二己酯、己二酸二辛酯、己二酸己基環己酯、己二酸庚酯與己二酸壬酯之混合物、己二酸二異壬酯、己二酸二異癸酯、己二酸庚基壬酯、癸二酸二丁酯、油改性癸二酸醇酸、及磷酸酯與己二酸酯之混合物等。亦可使用該等以外之有機酯塑化劑。亦可使用上述己二酸酯以外之其他己二酸酯。
作為上述有機磷酸塑化劑,可列舉:磷酸三(丁氧基乙基)酯、磷酸異癸酯苯酯及磷酸三異丙酯等。
上述塑化劑較佳為下述式(1)所顯示之二酯塑化劑。
[化1]
上述式(1)中,R1及R2分別表示碳數5~10之有機基,R3表示伸乙基、伸異丙基或伸正丙基,p表示3~10之整數。上述式(1)中之R1及R2分別較佳為碳數6~10之有機基。
上述塑化劑較佳為包含三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO)或三乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯(3GH),更佳為包含三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯。
上述塑化劑之含量並無特別限定。於包含上述塑化劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)中,相對於上述熱塑性樹脂100重量份,上述塑化劑之含量較佳為25重量份以上,更佳為30重量份以上,進而較佳為35重量份以上。於包含上述塑化劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)中,相對於上述熱塑性樹脂100重量份,上述塑化劑之含量較佳為75重量份以下,更佳為60重量份以下,進而較佳為50重量份以下,尤佳為40重量份以下。若上述塑化劑之含量為上述下限以上,則層合玻璃之耐貫通性進一步提高。若上述塑化劑之含量為上述上限以下,則層合玻璃之透明性進一步提高。
著色劑: 上述第1樹脂層較佳為於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑(以下,有時記載為著色劑(1))。上述第2樹脂層較佳為於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑(以下,有時記載為著色劑(2))。亦可為上述第1樹脂與上述第2樹脂層中之上述第1樹脂層於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑(1)。較佳為上述第1樹脂層於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑(1)且上述第2樹脂層於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑(2)。上述著色劑可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
就於層合玻璃整體中有效地抑制多重像之觀點而言,較佳為具有未達0.1 mrad之楔角之樹脂層包含著色劑。
就進一步抑制多重像之觀點而言,上述著色劑之極大吸收波長較佳為380 nm以上,更佳為500 nm以上,進而較佳為600 nm,較佳為780 nm以下。
所謂上述極大吸收波長,意指著色劑之吸光度成為最大之波長。
作為上述著色劑,可列舉顏料及染料等。
顏料與染料係以以下方式來判別。
將聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂(使用正丁醛,聚乙烯醇之聚合度1700、羥基之含有率30莫耳%、乙醯化度1莫耳%、丁醛化度69莫耳%)100重量份、三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO)40重量份、相對於聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂、3GO及著色劑之合計量100重量%成為0.015重量份之量之著色劑進行混練,獲得混練物。將該混練物擠出,獲得厚度760 μm之樹脂膜。將該樹脂膜配置於依據JIS R3106:1998所測得之可見光線透過率為90%之2片透明玻璃(厚度2.5 mm)之間,製作層合玻璃。將所獲得之層合玻璃之霧度值成為0.35%以上之著色劑定義為顏料。霧度值未達0.35%之著色劑定義為染料。
上述顏料可為有機顏料,亦可為無機顏料。上述有機顏料可為具有金屬原子之有機顏料,亦可為不具有金屬原子之有機顏料。上述顏料可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
作為上述有機顏料,可列舉:酞菁化合物、喹吖啶酮化合物、偶氮化合物、戊芬化合物、二㗁化合物、苝化合物、吲哚化合物及二㗁化合物等。
作為上述無機顏料,可列舉:碳黑、及氧化鐵、氧化鋅、氧化鈦等。
上述著色劑較佳為酞菁化合物、萘酞菁化合物、蒽酞菁化合物、喹吖啶酮化合物、偶氮化合物、戊芬化合物、二㗁化合物、苝化合物、吲哚化合物或碳黑。
上述著色劑較佳為酞菁化合物、萘酞菁化合物及蒽酞菁化合物中之至少1種成分X。
上述成分X並無特別限定。作為成分X,可使用先前公知之酞菁化合物、萘酞菁化合物及蒽酞菁化合物。
作為上述成分X,可列舉:酞菁、酞菁之衍生物、萘酞菁、萘酞菁之衍生物、蒽酞菁及蒽酞菁之衍生物等。上述酞菁化合物及上述酞菁之衍生物分別較佳為具有酞菁骨架。上述萘酞菁化合物及上述萘酞菁之衍生物分別較佳為具有萘酞菁骨架。上述蒽酞菁化合物及上述蒽酞菁之衍生物分別較佳為具有蒽酞菁骨架。
就進一步抑制層合玻璃之多重像並進一步提高隔熱性之觀點而言,上述成分X較佳為酞菁、酞菁之衍生物、萘酞菁或萘酞菁之衍生物,更佳為酞菁或酞菁之衍生物。
就進一步抑制多重像、有效地提高隔熱性且長期以更高之等級維持可見光線透過率之觀點而言,上述成分X較佳為含有釩原子或銅原子。上述成分X較佳為含有釩原子,亦較佳為含有銅原子。上述成分X更佳為含有釩原子或銅原子之酞菁及含有釩原子或銅原子之酞菁之衍生物中之至少1種。就更進一步抑制層合玻璃之多重像且更進一步提高隔熱性之觀點而言,上述成分X較佳為具有氧原子鍵結於釩原子之結構單元。
就進一步抑制多重像之
觀點而言,著色劑之含量及成分X之含量較佳為滿足以下較佳之範圍。
於包含上述著色劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中,上述著色劑之含量較佳為0.00001重量%以上,更佳為0.0001重量%以上,進而較佳為0.001重量%以上,尤佳為0.01重量%以上,最佳為0.02重量%以上。於包含上述著色劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中,上述著色劑之含量較佳為0.2重量%以下,更佳為0.1重量%以下,進而較佳為0.05重量%以下,尤佳為0.04重量%以下。若上述著色劑之含量為上述下限以上及上述上限以下,則可有效地抑制多重像。
於包含上述著色劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)之顯示對應區域之包含著色劑之區域100重量%中,上述著色劑之含量較佳為0.00001重量%以上,更佳為0.0001重量%以上,進而較佳為0.001重量%以上,尤佳為0.01重量%以上,最佳為0.02重量%以上。於包含上述著色劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)之顯示對應區域之包含著色劑之區域100重量%中,上述著色劑之含量較佳為0.2重量%以下,更佳為0.1重量%以下,進而較佳為0.05重量%以下,尤佳為0.04重量%以下。若上述著色劑之含量為上述下限以上及上述上限以下,則可有效地抑制多重像。
於包含上述成分X之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中,上述成分X之含量較佳為0.00001重量%以上,更佳為0.0001重量%以上,進而較佳為0.001重量%以上,尤佳為0.01重量%以上,最佳為0.02重量%以上。於包含上述成分X之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中,上述成分X之含量較佳為0.2重量%以下,更佳為0.1重量%以下,進而較佳為0.05重量%以下,尤佳為0.04重量%以下。若上述成分X之含量為上述下限以上及上述上限以下,則可有效地抑制多重像。
於包含上述成分X之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)之顯示對應區域之包含成分X之區域100重量%中,上述成分X之含量較佳為0.00001重量%以上,更佳為0.0001重量%以上,進而較佳為0.001重量%以上,尤佳為0.01重量%以上,最佳為0.02重量%以上。於包含上述成分X之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)之顯示對應區域之包含成分X之區域100重量%中,上述成分X之含量較佳為0.2重量%以下,更佳為0.1重量%以下,進而較佳為0.05重量%以下,尤佳為0.04重量%以下。若上述成分X之含量為上述下限以上及上述上限以下,則可有效地抑制多重像。
隔熱性物質: 上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含隔熱性物質。上述第1樹脂層亦可不包含隔熱性物質。上述第1樹脂層中之隔熱性物質之含量可少於上述第2樹脂層中之隔熱性物質之含量。上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含隔熱性物質。上述隔熱性物質可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
上述隔熱性物質較佳為包含酞菁化合物、萘酞菁化合物及蒽酞菁化合物中之至少1種成分X或包含隔熱粒子。於該情形時,亦可包含上述成分X與上述隔熱粒子之兩者。
上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含酞菁化合物、萘酞菁化合物及蒽酞菁化合物中之至少1種成分X。上述第1樹脂層亦可不包含上述成分X。上述第1樹脂層中之上述成分X之含量可少於上述第2樹脂層中之上述成分X之含量。上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含上述成分X。上述成分X可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
上述成分X並無特別限定。作為成分X,可使用先前公知之酞菁化合物、萘酞菁化合物及蒽酞菁化合物。
作為上述成分X,可列舉:酞菁、酞菁之衍生物、萘酞菁、萘酞菁之衍生物、蒽酞菁及蒽酞菁之衍生物等。上述酞菁化合物及上述酞菁之衍生物分別較佳為具有酞菁骨架。上述萘酞菁化合物及上述萘酞菁之衍生物分別較佳為具有萘酞菁骨架。上述蒽酞菁化合物及上述蒽酞菁之衍生物分別較佳為具有蒽酞菁骨架。
就進一步提高層合玻璃之隔熱性之觀點而言,上述成分X較佳為酞菁、酞菁之衍生物、萘酞菁或萘酞菁之衍生物,更佳為酞菁或酞菁之衍生物。
就有效地提高隔熱性且長期以更高之等級維持可見光線透過率之觀點而言,上述成分X較佳為含有釩原子或銅原子。上述成分X較佳為含有釩原子,亦較佳為含有銅原子。上述成分X更佳為含有釩原子或銅原子之酞菁及含有釩原子或銅原子之酞菁之衍生物中之至少1種。就更進一步提高層合玻璃之隔熱性之觀點而言,上述成分X較佳為具有氧原子鍵結於釩原子之結構單元。
上述成分X亦相當於隔熱性物質。就有效地提高隔熱性之觀點而言,上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含上述成分X。上述第1樹脂層亦可不包含上述成分X。上述第1樹脂層中之上述成分X之含量可少於上述第2樹脂層中之上述成分X之含量。就有效地提高隔熱性之觀點而言,上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含上述成分X。上述成分X可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
就有效地提高隔熱性之觀點而言,上述成分X之含量較佳為滿足以下之較佳之範圍。
於包含上述成分X之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中,上述成分X之含量較佳為0.001重量%以上,更佳為0.005重量%以上,進而較佳為0.01重量%以上,尤佳為0.02重量%以上。於包含上述成分X之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中,上述成分X之含量較佳為0.2重量%以下,更佳為0.1重量%以下,進而較佳為0.05重量%以下,尤佳為0.04重量%以下。若上述成分X之含量為上述下限以上及上述上限以下,則隔熱性充分提高且可見光線透過率充分提高。例如,可將可見光線透過率設為70%以上。
上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含隔熱粒子。上述第1樹脂層亦可不包含隔熱粒子。上述第1樹脂層中之隔熱粒子之含量可少於上述第2樹脂層中之隔熱粒子之含量。上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含上述隔熱粒子。上述隔熱粒子係隔熱性物質。藉由使用隔熱粒子,可有效地遮斷紅外線(熱線)。上述隔熱粒子可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
就進一步提高層合玻璃之隔熱性之觀點而言,上述隔熱粒子更佳為金屬氧化物粒子。上述隔熱粒子較佳為藉由金屬之氧化物而形成之粒子(金屬氧化物粒子)。
波長長於可見光之780 nm以上之紅外線與紫外線相比能量較小。然而,紅外線之熱作用較大,若紅外線被物質吸收,則會作為熱而被釋放。因此,紅外線通常被稱為熱線。藉由使用上述隔熱粒子,可有效地遮斷紅外線(熱線)。再者,所謂隔熱粒子,意指可吸收紅外線之粒子。
作為上述隔熱粒子之具體例,可列舉:摻雜有鋁之氧化錫粒子、摻雜有銦之氧化錫粒子、摻雜有銻之氧化錫粒子(ATO粒子)、摻雜有鎵之氧化鋅粒子(GZO粒子)、摻雜有銦之氧化鋅粒子(IZO粒子)、摻雜有鋁之氧化鋅粒子(AZO粒子)、摻雜有鈮之氧化鈦粒子、摻雜有鈉之氧化鎢粒子、摻雜有銫之氧化鎢粒子、摻雜有鉈之氧化鎢粒子、摻雜有銣之氧化鎢粒子、摻雜有錫之氧化銦粒子(ITO粒子)、摻雜有錫之氧化鋅粒子、摻雜有矽氧化鋅粒子等金屬氧化物粒子或六硼化鑭(LaB6
)粒子等。亦可使用該等以外之隔熱粒子。由於熱線之屏蔽功能較高,故而較佳為金屬氧化物粒子,更佳為ATO粒子、GZO粒子、IZO粒子、ITO粒子或氧化鎢粒子,尤佳為ITO粒子或氧化鎢粒子。尤其是由於熱線之屏蔽功能較高且容易獲取,故而較佳為摻雜有錫之氧化銦粒子(ITO粒子),亦較佳為氧化鎢粒子。
就進一步提高層合玻璃之隔熱性之觀點而言,氧化鎢粒子較佳為摻雜有金屬之氧化鎢粒子。上述「氧化鎢粒子」中包含摻雜有金屬之氧化鎢粒子。作為上述摻雜有金屬之氧化鎢粒子,具體而言,可列舉:摻雜有鈉之氧化鎢粒子、摻雜有銫之氧化鎢粒子、摻雜有鉈之氧化鎢粒子及摻雜有銣之氧化鎢粒子等。
就進一步提高層合玻璃之隔熱性之觀點而言,尤佳為摻雜有銫之氧化鎢粒子。就更進一步提高層合玻璃之隔熱性之觀點而言,該摻雜有銫之氧化鎢粒子較佳為式:Cs0.33
WO3
所顯示之氧化鎢粒子。
上述隔熱粒子之平均粒徑較佳為0.01 μm以上,更佳為0.02 μm以上,較佳為0.1 μm以下,更佳為0.05 μm以下。若平均粒徑為上述下限以上,則熱線之屏蔽性充分提高。若平均粒徑為上述上限以下,則隔熱粒子之分散性提高。
上述「平均粒徑」表示體積平均粒徑。平均粒徑可使用粒度分佈測定裝置(日機裝公司製造之「UPA-EX150」)等進行測定。
於包含上述隔熱粒子之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中,上述隔熱粒子之含量較佳為0.01重量%以上,更佳為0.1重量%以上,進而較佳為1重量%以上,尤佳為1.5重量%以上。於包含上述隔熱粒子之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中,上述隔熱粒子之含量較佳為6重量%以下,更佳為5.5重量%以下,進而較佳為4重量%以下,尤佳為3.5重量%以下,最佳為3重量%以下。若上述隔熱粒子之含量為上述下限以上及上述上限以下,則隔熱性充分提高,且可見光線透過率充分提高。
金屬鹽: 上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含作為鹼金屬鹽、鹼土金屬鹽或鎂鹽之金屬鹽(以下,有時記載為金屬鹽M)。上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含上述金屬鹽M。藉由使用上述金屬鹽M,容易控制樹脂層與紅外線反射層及層合玻璃構件之接著性。上述金屬鹽M可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
上述金屬鹽M較佳為包含作為Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Mg、Ca、Sr或Ba之金屬。樹脂層中所包含之金屬鹽較佳為包含K或Mg。
又,上述金屬鹽M更佳為碳數2~16之有機酸之鹼金屬鹽、碳數2~16之有機酸之鹼土金屬鹽或碳數2~16之有機酸之鎂鹽,進而較佳為碳數2~16之羧酸鎂鹽或碳數2~16之羧酸鉀鹽。
作為上述碳數2~16之羧酸鎂鹽及上述碳數2~16之羧酸鉀鹽,可列舉:乙酸鎂、乙酸鉀、丙酸鎂、丙酸鉀、2-乙基丁酸鎂、2-乙基丁酸鉀、2-乙基己酸鎂及2-乙基己酸鉀等。
包含上述金屬鹽M之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)中之Mg及K之含量之合計較佳為5 ppm以上,更佳為10 ppm以上,進而較佳為20 ppm以上,較佳為300 ppm以下,更佳為250 ppm以下,進而較佳為200 ppm以下。若Mg及K之含量之合計為上述下限以上及上述上限以下,則可進一步良好地控制樹脂層與紅外線反射層及層合玻璃構件之接著性。
紫外線屏蔽劑: 上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含紫外線屏蔽劑。上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含紫外線屏蔽劑。藉由使用紫外線屏蔽劑,即便長期使用層合玻璃,可見光線透過率亦不易進一步降低。上述紫外線屏蔽劑可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
上述紫外線屏蔽劑中包含紫外線吸收劑。上述紫外線屏蔽劑較佳為紫外線吸收劑。
作為上述紫外線屏蔽劑,例如可列舉:包含金屬原子之紫外線屏蔽劑、包含金屬氧化物之紫外線屏蔽劑、具有苯并三唑結構之紫外線屏蔽劑(苯并三唑化合物)、具有二苯甲酮結構之紫外線屏蔽劑(二苯甲酮化合物)、具有三結構之紫外線屏蔽劑(三化合物)、具有丙二酸酯結構之紫外線屏蔽劑(丙二酸酯化合物)、具有草醯苯胺結構之紫外線屏蔽劑(草醯苯胺化合物)及具有苯甲酸酯結構之紫外線屏蔽劑(苯甲酸酯化合物)等。
作為包含上述金屬原子之紫外線屏蔽劑,例如可列舉:鉑粒子、鉑粒子之表面經二氧化矽被覆之粒子、鈀粒子及鈀粒子之表面經二氧化矽被覆之粒子等。紫外線屏蔽劑較佳為並非為隔熱粒子。
上述紫外線屏蔽劑較佳為具有苯并三唑結構之紫外線屏蔽劑、具有二苯甲酮結構之紫外線屏蔽劑、具有三結構之紫外線屏蔽劑或具有苯甲酸酯結構之紫外線屏蔽劑。上述紫外線屏蔽劑更佳為具有苯并三唑結構之紫外線屏蔽劑或具有二苯甲酮結構之紫外線屏蔽劑,進而較佳為具有苯并三唑結構之紫外線屏蔽劑。
作為包含上述金屬氧化物之紫外線屏蔽劑,例如可列舉:氧化鋅、氧化鈦及氧化鈰等。進而,關於包含上述金屬氧化物之紫外線屏蔽劑,表面亦可經被覆。作為包含上述金屬氧化物之紫外線屏蔽劑之表面之被覆材料,可列舉:絕緣性金屬氧化物、水解性有機矽化合物及聚矽氧化合物等。
作為上述絕緣性金屬氧化物,可列舉:二氧化矽、氧化鋁及氧化鋯等。上述絕緣性金屬氧化物例如具有5.0 eV以上之帶隙能量。
作為具有上述苯并三唑結構之紫外線屏蔽劑,例如可列舉:2-(2'-羥基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三唑(BASF公司製造之「TinuvinP」)、2-(2'-羥基-3',5'-二-第三丁基苯基)苯并三唑(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin320」)、2-(2'-羥基-3'-第三丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin326」)、及2-(2'-羥基-3',5'-二-戊基苯基)苯并三唑(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin328」)等。就屏蔽紫外線之性能優異之方面而言,上述紫外線屏蔽劑較佳為具有包含鹵素原子之苯并三唑結構之紫外線屏蔽劑,更佳為具有包含氯原子之苯并三唑結構之紫外線屏蔽劑。
作為上述具有二苯甲酮結構之紫外線屏蔽劑,例如可列舉辛苯酮(BASF公司製造之「Chimassorb81」)等。
作為上述具有三結構之紫外線屏蔽劑,例如可列舉:ADEKA公司製造之「LA-F70」及2-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三-2-基)-5-[(己基)氧基]-苯酚(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin1577FF」)等。
作為上述具有丙二酸酯結構之紫外線屏蔽劑,可列舉:2-(對甲氧基亞苄基)丙二酸二甲酯、2,2-(1,4-伸苯基二亞甲基)雙丙二酸四乙酯、丙二酸2-(對甲氧基亞苄基)-雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基4-哌啶基)酯等。
作為上述具有丙二酸酯結構之紫外線屏蔽劑之市售品,可列舉:Hostavin B-CAP、Hostavin PR-25、Hostavin PR-31(均為Clariant公司製造)。
作為上述具有草醯苯胺結構之紫外線屏蔽劑,可列舉:N-(2-乙基苯基)-N'-(2-乙氧基-5-第三丁基苯基)草酸二醯胺、N-(2-乙基苯基)-N'-(2-乙氧基-苯基)草酸二醯胺、2-乙基-2'-乙氧基-草醯替苯胺(Clariant公司製造之「SanduvorVSU」)等氮原子上具有經取代之芳基等之草酸二醯胺類。
作為上述具有苯甲酸酯結構之紫外線屏蔽劑,例如可列舉:2,4-二-第三丁基苯基-3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸酯(BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin120」)等。
於包含上述紫外線屏蔽劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中,上述紫外線屏蔽劑之含量較佳為0.1重量%以上,更佳為0.2重量%以上,進而較佳為0.3重量%以上,尤佳為0.5重量%以上。於包含上述紫外線屏蔽劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中,上述紫外線屏蔽劑之含量較佳為2.5重量%以下,更佳為2重量%以下,進而較佳為1重量%以下,尤佳為0.8重量%以下。若上述紫外線屏蔽劑之含量為上述下限以上及上述上限以下,則可進一步抑制經過一定時間後之可見光線透過率之降低。尤其是藉由於包含上述紫外線屏蔽劑之層100重量%中使上述紫外線屏蔽劑之含量為0.2重量%以上,可顯著地抑制層合玻璃之經過一定時間後之可見光線透過率之降低。
抗氧化劑: 上述第1樹脂層較佳為包含抗氧化劑。上述第2樹脂層較佳為包含抗氧化劑。上述抗氧化劑可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
作為上述抗氧化劑,可列舉:酚系抗氧化劑、硫系抗氧化劑及磷系抗氧化劑等。上述酚系抗氧化劑係具有酚骨架之抗氧化劑。上述硫系抗氧化劑係含有硫原子之抗氧化劑。上述磷系抗氧化劑係含有磷原子之抗氧化劑。
上述抗氧化劑較佳為酚系抗氧化劑或磷系抗氧化劑。
作為上述酚系抗氧化劑,可列舉:2,6-二-第三丁基-對甲酚(BHT)、丁基羥基甲氧苯(BHA)、2,6-二-第三丁基-4-乙基苯酚、β-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸硬脂酯、2,2'-亞甲基雙-(4-甲基-6-丁基苯酚)、2,2'-亞甲基雙-(4-乙基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、4,4'-亞丁基-雙-(3-甲基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、1,1,3-三-(2-甲基-羥基-5-第三丁基苯基)丁烷、四[亞甲基-3-(3',5'-丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]甲烷、1,3,3-三-(2-甲基-4-羥基-5-第三丁基苯酚)丁烷、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苄基)苯、雙(3,3'-第三丁基苯酚)丁酸醇酯及雙(3-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯丙酸)伸乙基雙(氧基伸乙基)酯等。可較佳地使用該等抗氧化劑中之1種或2種以上。
作為上述磷系抗氧化劑,可列舉:亞磷酸三癸酯、亞磷酸三(十三烷基)酯、亞磷酸三苯酯、亞磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、雙(十三烷基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(癸基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、亞磷酸三(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)酯、亞磷酸雙(2,4-二-第三丁基-6-甲基苯基)酯乙酯、及2,2'-亞甲基雙(4,6-二-第三丁基-1-苯氧基)(2-乙基己基氧基)磷等。可較佳地使用該等抗氧化劑中之1種或2種以上。
作為上述抗氧化劑之市售品,例如可列舉:BASF公司製造之「IRGANOX 245」、BASF公司製造之「IRGAFOS 168」、BASF公司製造之「IRGAFOS 38」、住友化學工業公司製造之「Sumilizer BHT」、堺化學工業公司製造之「H-BHT」、以及BASF公司製造之「IRGANOX 1010」等。
為了長期維持層合玻璃之較高之可見光線透過率,於包含上述抗氧化劑之層(第1樹脂層或第2樹脂層)100重量%中,上述抗氧化劑之含量較佳為0.1重量%以上。又,於包含上述抗氧化劑之層100重量%中,上述抗氧化劑之含量較佳為2重量%以下。
其他成分: 上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層亦可分別視需要包含偶合劑、分散劑、界面活性劑、阻燃劑、抗靜電劑、顏料、染料、金屬鹽以外之接著力調整劑、耐濕劑、螢光增白劑及紅外線吸收劑等添加劑。該等添加劑可僅使用1種,亦可將2種以上併用。
(第1、第2層合玻璃構件) 作為上述第1、第2層合玻璃構件,可列舉玻璃板及PET(聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯)膜等。上述層合玻璃不僅包括於2片玻璃板之間夾有中間層之層合玻璃,亦包括於玻璃板與PET膜等之間夾有中間層之層合玻璃。層合玻璃係具備玻璃板之積層體,較佳為使用至少1片玻璃板。較佳為上述第1、第2層合玻璃構件分別為玻璃板或PET(聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯)膜,且上述層合玻璃包含至少1片玻璃板作為上述第1、第2層合玻璃構件。尤佳為上述第1、第2層合玻璃構件之兩者均為玻璃板。
作為上述玻璃板,可列舉無機玻璃及有機玻璃。作為上述無機玻璃,可列舉:浮法平板玻璃、線熱吸收板玻璃、熱線反射板玻璃、研磨板玻璃、模板玻璃、鋼絲板玻璃、線板玻璃及綠玻璃等。上述有機玻璃係代替無機玻璃之合成樹脂玻璃。作為上述有機玻璃,可列舉聚碳酸酯板及聚(甲基)丙烯酸樹脂板等。作為聚(甲基)丙烯酸樹脂板,可列舉聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯板等。
上述第1層合玻璃構件及上述第2層合玻璃構件分別較佳為透明玻璃或線熱吸收板玻璃。就紅外線透過率較高、層合玻璃之隔熱性進一步提高之方面而言,上述第1層合玻璃構件較佳為透明玻璃。就紅外線透過率較低、層合玻璃之隔熱性進一步提高之方面而言,上述第2層合玻璃構件較佳為線熱吸收板玻璃。線熱吸收板玻璃較佳為綠玻璃。較佳為上述第1層合玻璃構件為透明玻璃且上述第2層合玻璃構件為線熱吸收板玻璃。上述線熱吸收板玻璃係依據JIS R3208之線熱吸收板玻璃。
(層合玻璃之使用方法、抬頭顯示器系統及抬頭顯示器系統之製造方法) 於使用上述層合玻璃時,於上述建築物或上述車輛中,以上述第1層合玻璃構件位於上述外部空間側且上述第2層合玻璃構件位於上述內部空間側之方式將上述層合玻璃安裝於上述開口部。
具體而言,以第1層合玻璃構件位於外部空間側且第2層合玻璃構件位於內部空間側之方式將層合玻璃安裝於開口部。即,以依序配置成外部空間/第1層合玻璃構件/第1樹脂層/紅外線反射層/(第2樹脂層/)第2層合玻璃構件/內部空間之方式安裝層合玻璃。上述配置形態包括於外部空間與第1層合玻璃構件之間配置有其他構件之情形,且包括於內部空間與第2層合玻璃構件之間配置有其他構件之情形。
抬頭顯示器系統具備上述層合玻璃、及用以將圖像顯示用之光照射至上述層合玻璃之光源裝置。上述光源裝置例如於建築物或車輛中可安裝於儀錶盤。可藉由自上述光源裝置對上述層合玻璃之上述顯示區域照射光而進行圖像顯示。
於上述建築物或上述車輛中,可藉由進行如下步驟來製造抬頭顯示器系統,該步驟係以上述第1層合玻璃構件位於上述外部空間側且上述第2層合玻璃構件位於上述內部空間側之方式將上述層合玻璃安裝於上述開口部。上述層合玻璃較佳為可用於抬頭顯示器系統之層合玻璃。
上述層合玻璃可較佳地用於車之擋風玻璃。上述層合玻璃較佳為可用於車之擋風玻璃之層合玻璃。
以下,列舉實施例及比較例對本發明進一步詳細地進行說明。本發明並不僅限定於該等實施例。
準備以下之材料。
(熱塑性樹脂) 聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(PVB、平均聚合度1700、羥基之含有率30.5莫耳%、乙醯化度1莫耳%、縮醛化度68.5莫耳%)
於所使用之聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂中,縮醛化係使用碳數4之正丁醛。關於聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂,縮醛化度(丁醛化度)、乙醯化度及羥基之含有率係藉由依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」之方法所測得。再者,即便於藉由ASTM D1396-92進行測定之情形時,亦顯示與依據JIS K6728「聚乙烯醇縮丁醛試驗方法」之方法相同之數值。
(塑化劑) 三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO)
(紫外線屏蔽劑) Tinuvin326(2-(2'-羥基-3'-第三丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin326」)0.2重量份
(抗氧化劑) BHT(2,6-二-第三丁基-對甲酚)
(著色劑) NIR-43V(成分X、酞菁化合物、含有釩作為中心金屬、極大吸收波長755 nm、山田化學公司製造之「NIR-43V」) FF IRSORB 203(成分X、萘酞菁化合物、極大吸收波長850 nm、Fuji Film公司製造之「FF IRSORB 203」) IR-906(成分X、酞菁化合物、含有釩作為中心金屬、極大吸收波長930 nm、日本觸媒公司製造之「EXcolor 906」) IR-915(成分X、酞菁化合物、含有釩作為中心金屬、極大吸收波長980 nm、日本觸媒公司製造之「EXcolor 915」)
準備以下之紅外線反射層。
(紅外線反射層) Nano90S(3M、多層樹脂膜、住友3M公司製造之「Multi Layer Nano 90S」)
準備以下之層合玻璃構件。
(層合玻璃構件) 透明玻璃(厚度2.5 mm) 綠玻璃(線熱吸收板玻璃、厚度2 mm)
(實施例1) 第1樹脂層之製作: 調配以下之成分,並利用混合輥充分地進行混練,獲得用以形成第1樹脂層之組合物。
聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(PVB、平均聚合度1700、羥基之含有率30.5莫耳%、乙醯化度1莫耳%、縮醛化度68.5莫耳%)100重量份 三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO)40重量份 於所獲得之樹脂層中成為0.2重量%之量之Tinuvin326(2-(2'-羥基-3'-第三丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin326」) 於所獲得之樹脂層中成為0.2重量%之量之BHT(2,6-二-第三丁基-對甲酚)
藉由擠出機將用以形成所獲得之第1樹脂層之組合物擠出,獲得具有下述表1所示之厚度及楔角之第1樹脂層。
第2樹脂層之製作: 調配以下之成分,並利用混合輥充分地進行混練,獲得用以形成第2樹脂層之組合物。
聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂(PVB、平均聚合度1700、羥基之含有率30.5莫耳%、乙醯化度1莫耳%、縮醛化度68.5莫耳%)100重量份 三乙二醇-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO)40重量份 於所獲得之樹脂層中成為0.009重量%之量之NIR-43V(成分X、酞菁化合物、含有釩作為中心金屬、山田化學公司製造之「NIR-43V」) 於所獲得之樹脂層中成為0.2重量%之量之Tinuvin326(2-(2'-羥基-3'-第三丁基-5-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、BASF公司製造之「Tinuvin326」) 於所獲得之樹脂層中成為0.2重量%之量之BHT(2,6-二-第三丁基-對甲酚)
藉由擠出機將用以形成所獲得之第2樹脂層之組合物擠出,獲得第2樹脂層。第2樹脂層為矩形,第2樹脂層之厚度為380 μm。又,於所獲得之第2樹脂層之整個面均勻地分散有作為著色劑之NIR-43V。
紅外線反射層、第1、第2層合玻璃構件之準備: 準備Nano 90S(3M、多層樹脂膜、住友3M公司製造之「Multi Layer Nano 90S」)作為紅外線反射層。
準備透明玻璃(厚度2.5 mm、大小 縱1.0 m×橫1.0 m)作為第1層合玻璃構件。
準備綠玻璃(線熱吸收板玻璃、厚度2 mm、大小 縱1.0 m×橫1.0 m)作為第2層合玻璃構件。
層合玻璃之製作: 將第1層合玻璃構件、第1樹脂層、紅外線反射層、第2樹脂層、及第2層合玻璃構件依序積層,獲得層合玻璃。第1層合玻璃構件與第1樹脂層之第1積層體之楔角係與第1樹脂層之楔角相同。又,由於在第2樹脂層之整個面均勻地分散有作為著色劑之NIR-43V,故而由第1樹脂層、紅外線反射層及第2樹脂層構成之層合玻璃用中間膜、及所獲得之層合玻璃整個面具有著色劑,並將距厚度較薄之一端40 mm~160 mm之範圍作為顯示對應區域。因此,所獲得之層合玻璃用中間膜及層合玻璃於顯示對應區域具有著色劑。
(實施例2~8及比較例1~3) 如下述表1~3所示般變更中間膜之構成,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得層合玻璃。
於比較例1、2中,未使用著色劑。於比較例1中,未將中間膜設為楔狀。再者,於實施例2~8及比較例1~3中,於第1、第2樹脂層中,以與實施例1相同之樹脂層中之調配量調配與實施例1相同之紫外線屏蔽劑及抗氧化劑。著色劑於所獲得之樹脂層100重量%中,以下述表1~3所示之調配量進行調配。
(評價) (1)多重像 以中間膜之一端成為下部之方式將所獲得之層合玻璃設置於擋風玻璃之位置。使顯示資訊自設置於層合玻璃之下方之顯示單元反射至層合玻璃,於特定位置目視確認有無多重像。再者,為了對多重像之抑制效果進行評價,而使顯示資訊包含粗線部分與細線部分。以下述基準判定多重像。
[多重像之判定基準] ○○:完全未確認到多重像,且清晰地顯示粗線部分之圖像及細線部分之圖像兩者 ○:未確認到多重像,且清晰地顯示粗線部分之圖像,但細線之圖像之清晰性略差(能夠實際使用) ×:確認到多重像
將詳細內容及結果示於下述表1~3。再者,表中省略紫外線屏蔽劑及抗氧化劑之記載。
[表1]
[表2]
[表3]
1、1A‧‧‧第1層合玻璃構件
2、2A‧‧‧第1樹脂層
3、3A‧‧‧紅外線反射層
4、4A‧‧‧第2樹脂層
5、5A‧‧‧第2層合玻璃構件
10、10A‧‧‧中間膜
10a‧‧‧一端
10b‧‧‧另一端
11、11A‧‧‧層合玻璃
11a‧‧‧一端
11b‧‧‧另一端
R1‧‧‧顯示區域
R2‧‧‧周圍區域
R3‧‧‧陰影區域
θ‧‧‧楔角
圖1(a)及(b)係模式性地表示具備本發明之第1實施形態之層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃的剖視圖及前視圖。 圖2(a)及(b)係模式性地表示具備本發明之第2實施形態之層合玻璃用中間膜之層合玻璃的剖視圖及前視圖。
Claims (15)
- 一種層合玻璃用中間膜,其係用於作為抬頭顯示器之層合玻璃之層合玻璃用中間膜,且 具有與上述抬頭顯示器之顯示區域對應之顯示對應區域, 具有紅外線反射層、包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第2樹脂層, 於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層,於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層, 上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角, 上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑。
- 如請求項1之層合玻璃用中間膜,其中上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層兩者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。
- 如請求項1之層合玻璃用中間膜,其中上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層之一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角,另一者具有未達0.1 mrad之楔角。
- 如請求項3之層合玻璃用中間膜,其中具有未達0.1 mrad之楔角之樹脂層包含上述著色劑。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之層合玻璃用中間膜,其中上述著色劑為酞菁化合物、萘酞菁化合物或蒽酞菁化合物。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之層合玻璃用中間膜,其中上述第1樹脂層中之上述熱塑性樹脂為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂, 上述第2樹脂層中之上述熱塑性樹脂為聚乙烯醇縮醛樹脂。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之層合玻璃用中間膜,其中上述第1樹脂層包含塑化劑, 上述第2樹脂層包含塑化劑。
- 一種層合玻璃,其具備第1層合玻璃構件、第2層合玻璃構件、及如請求項1至4中任一項之層合玻璃用中間膜,且 於上述第1樹脂層之外側配置有上述第1層合玻璃構件,於上述第2樹脂層之外側配置有上述第2層合玻璃構件。
- 如請求項8之層合玻璃,其係於車輛中,以於外部空間與供來自上述外部空間之熱線入射之內部空間之間之開口部上述第1層合玻璃構件位於上述外部空間側且上述第2層合玻璃構件位於上述內部空間側之方式安裝者,且 上述第1樹脂層具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。
- 如請求項8或9之層合玻璃,其係於車輛中,以於外部空間與供來自上述外部空間之熱線入射之內部空間之間之開口部上述第1層合玻璃構件位於上述外部空間側且上述第2層合玻璃構件位於上述內部空間側之方式安裝者,且 上述第2樹脂層於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑。
- 一種層合玻璃,其係抬頭顯示器, 具有上述抬頭顯示器之顯示區域, 具備第1層合玻璃構件、第2層合玻璃構件、及中間膜, 上述中間膜具有與上述抬頭顯示器之上述顯示區域對應之顯示對應區域, 上述中間膜具有紅外線反射層、包含熱塑性樹脂之第1樹脂層、及包含熱塑性樹脂之第2樹脂層, 於上述紅外線反射層之第1表面側配置有上述第1樹脂層,於上述紅外線反射層之與上述第1表面相反之第2表面側配置有上述第2樹脂層, 於上述第1樹脂層之外側配置有上述第1層合玻璃構件,於上述第2樹脂層之外側配置有上述第2層合玻璃構件, 上述第1層合玻璃構件與上述第1樹脂層之第1積層體及上述第2樹脂層與上述第2層合玻璃構件之積層體中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角, 上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑。
- 如請求項11之層合玻璃,其中上述第1樹脂層及上述第2樹脂層中之至少一者具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。
- 如請求項11或12之層合玻璃,其係於車輛中,以於外部空間與供來自上述外部空間之熱線入射之內部空間之間之開口部上述第1層合玻璃構件位於上述外部空間側且上述第2層合玻璃構件位於上述內部空間側之方式安裝者,且 上述第1樹脂層具有0.1 mrad以上之楔角。
- 如請求項11或12之層合玻璃,其係於車輛中,以於外部空間與供來自上述外部空間之熱線入射之內部空間之間之開口部上述第1層合玻璃構件位於上述外部空間側且上述第2層合玻璃構件位於上述內部空間側之方式安裝者,且 上述第2樹脂層於上述顯示對應區域包含著色劑。
- 一種抬頭顯示器系統之製造方法,其具備如下步驟:於具有外部空間與供來自上述外部空間 之熱線入射之內部空間之間之開口部、及用以將圖像顯示用之光照射至上述層合玻璃之光源裝置之建築物或車輛中, 以上述第1層合玻璃構件位於上述外部空間側且上述第2層合玻璃構件位於上述內部空間側之方式將如請求項8至14中任一項之層合玻璃安裝於上述開口部。
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JP (1) | JPWO2019189741A1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20200138191A (zh) |
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CN113811443A (zh) * | 2020-04-07 | 2021-12-17 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | 具有楔形截面的多层的着色中间层 |
US11780211B2 (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2023-10-10 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Colored thermoplastic intermediate layer with wedge-shaped cross-section |
WO2022271905A1 (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-12-29 | Solutia Inc. | Ir-reflective compound interlayers |
CN113878953A (zh) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-04 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | 夹层玻璃及抬头显示系统 |
WO2023110261A1 (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-22 | Agc Glass Europe | Glazing unit for head up display |
TW202402521A (zh) * | 2022-04-15 | 2024-01-16 | 日商積水化學工業股份有限公司 | 層合玻璃用中間膜及其製造方法、以及層合玻璃及其製造方法 |
WO2024035596A1 (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2024-02-15 | Pittsburgh Glass Works Llc | Reflective glass displays and associated methods for manufacturing reflective glass displays |
WO2024034436A1 (ja) * | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
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BRPI0711462B1 (pt) * | 2006-05-12 | 2022-05-17 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd | Filme para camada intermediária de um vidro laminado e vidro laminado |
EP2454398A2 (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2012-05-23 | MEMC Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Coated crucibles and methods for preparing and use thereof |
IN2012DN01228A (zh) | 2009-08-12 | 2015-04-10 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | |
JP2013006730A (ja) * | 2011-06-23 | 2013-01-10 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
US10654250B2 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2020-05-19 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Intermediate film for laminated glass, laminated glass, and method of mounting laminated glass |
EP2878442A1 (de) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-03 | Kuraray Europe GmbH | Verbundglaslaminate mit Wärmestrahlung abschirmenden Eigenschaften |
KR102304690B1 (ko) | 2014-09-29 | 2021-09-27 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | 접합 유리용 중간막 및 접합 유리 |
BR112017016616B1 (pt) | 2015-02-05 | 2022-05-24 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd | Película de intercamada para vidro laminado, e vidro laminado |
JP2017081775A (ja) | 2015-10-26 | 2017-05-18 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 合わせガラス |
MX2018006264A (es) | 2015-12-18 | 2018-09-07 | Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd | Capa intermedia para vidrio laminado, cuerpo de rollo y vidrio laminado. |
WO2018041472A1 (de) * | 2016-09-01 | 2018-03-08 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Verbundscheibe für ein head-up-display |
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- 2019-03-29 WO PCT/JP2019/013952 patent/WO2019189741A1/ja active Application Filing
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EP3778517A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
TWI829682B (zh) | 2024-01-21 |
CN111918850A (zh) | 2020-11-10 |
EP3778517A4 (en) | 2021-12-22 |
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