JP6927638B2 - 拡散はんだ付けのためのはんだプリフォーム、その製造方法およびその組立方法 - Google Patents
拡散はんだ付けのためのはんだプリフォーム、その製造方法およびその組立方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6927638B2 JP6927638B2 JP2019558363A JP2019558363A JP6927638B2 JP 6927638 B2 JP6927638 B2 JP 6927638B2 JP 2019558363 A JP2019558363 A JP 2019558363A JP 2019558363 A JP2019558363 A JP 2019558363A JP 6927638 B2 JP6927638 B2 JP 6927638B2
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- solder
- solder preform
- diffusion
- soldering
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- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 82
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000969 tin-silver-copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
- B23K35/0238—Sheets, foils layered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
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- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
- B23K35/025—Pastes, creams, slurries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
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- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/16—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a particulate layer
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- H01L2224/32245—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
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- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/33—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of a plurality of layer connectors
- H01L2224/331—Disposition
- H01L2224/3318—Disposition being disposed on at least two different sides of the body, e.g. dual array
- H01L2224/33181—On opposite sides of the body
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- H01L2224/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
- H01L2224/83—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector
- H01L2224/8338—Bonding interfaces outside the semiconductor or solid-state body
- H01L2224/83399—Material
- H01L2224/834—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/83438—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
- H01L2224/83447—Copper [Cu] as principal constituent
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- H01L2224/83—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector
- H01L2224/838—Bonding techniques
- H01L2224/83801—Soldering or alloying
- H01L2224/8382—Diffusion bonding
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- H01L2224/83—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector
- H01L2224/838—Bonding techniques
- H01L2224/83801—Soldering or alloying
- H01L2224/8382—Diffusion bonding
- H01L2224/83825—Solid-liquid interdiffusion
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- H01L24/02—Bonding areas ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L24/05—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process of an individual bonding area
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- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/27—Manufacturing methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
- H01L24/32—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of an individual layer connector
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
- H01L24/33—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of a plurality of layer connectors
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- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
- H01L24/83—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/04—Soldering or other types of metallurgic bonding
- H05K2203/0415—Small preforms other than balls, e.g. discs, cylinders or pillars
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/20—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by affixing prefabricated conductor pattern
- H05K3/207—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by affixing prefabricated conductor pattern using a prefabricated paste pattern, ink pattern or powder pattern
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- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3457—Solder materials or compositions; Methods of application thereof
- H05K3/3478—Applying solder preforms; Transferring prefabricated solder patterns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3457—Solder materials or compositions; Methods of application thereof
- H05K3/3485—Applying solder paste, slurry or powder
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
Description
Claims (9)
- 第1の材料の第1の層(12)と第2の材料の第2の層(13)から成るサンドイッチ構造を有し、前記第1の層(12)と前記第2の層(13)とがサンドイッチ構造内で交互に配置されている拡散はんだ付け用のはんだプリフォームにおいて、
前記第1の材料が前記第1の層(12)を構成する金属の薄膜(14)として形成され、
前記第2の材料がバインダ(16)と共にペーストを形成する金属の粒子(15)から成り、
前記第2の層が前記ペーストから成る、ことを特徴とする拡散はんだ付け用のはんだプリフォーム。 - 前記第1の材料ははんだ付け材料であり、
前記第2の材料は前記第1の材料よりも高い融点を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のはんだプリフォーム。 - 前記第2の材料ははんだ付け材料であり、
前記第1の材料は前記第2の材料よりも高い融点を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のはんだプリフォーム。 - 第1の材料の第1の層(12)と第2の材料の第2の層(13)とがサンドイッチ構造に被層され、前記第1の層(12)と前記第2の層(13)とがサンドイッチ構造内で交互に配置されている、はんだプリフォーム(11)を製造する方法であって、
前記第1の材料が金属の薄膜(14)として形成され、前記薄膜(14)から前記第1の層が形成され、
前記第2の材料が金属の粒子(15)から成り、前記粒子(15)がバインダ(16)と共にペーストに加工され、
前記第2の層(13)が前記ペーストから形成される、ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記薄膜(14)が前記ペーストで被層され、前記被層された薄膜(14)がサンドイッチ構造に積層される、ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記はんだプリフォーム(11)よりも大きい面積のサンドイッチ構造が形成され、
この構造から前記はんだプリフォーム(11)が分離されることにより、多数の前記はんだプリフォーム(11)が同時に形成される、ことを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載の方法。 - 第1の接合パートナー(24)と第2の接合パートナー(25)との間にはんだプリフォーム(11)を配置し、前記はんだプリフォーム(11)を溶融して拡散はんだ付け接合部(23)を形成する拡散はんだ付け接合部(23)の接合方法であって、
請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のはんだプリフォーム(11)が用いられる、ことを特徴とする方法。 - はんだ付け材料の収縮(Δz)を考慮した過大寸法のはんだプリフォーム(11)を使用することを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記拡散はんだ付け接合部の誤差を考慮した過大寸法(t)のはんだプリフォーム(11)を使用する、ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102017206930.9 | 2017-04-25 | ||
DE102017206930.9A DE102017206930A1 (de) | 2017-04-25 | 2017-04-25 | Lotformteil zum Diffusionslöten, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Verfahren zu dessen Montage |
PCT/EP2018/059971 WO2018197314A1 (de) | 2017-04-25 | 2018-04-19 | Lotformteil zum diffusionslöten, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und verfahren zu dessen montage |
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JP2020518456A JP2020518456A (ja) | 2020-06-25 |
JP6927638B2 true JP6927638B2 (ja) | 2021-09-01 |
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US (1) | US20200139490A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3583623A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6927638B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102226143B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN110546759A (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2018197314A1 (ja) |
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DE102019217061A1 (de) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-06 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Anordnung mit einem Substrat für eine Aufnahme von wenigstens einem Halbleiterbauelement für einen Stromrichter und Verfahren zum Diffusionsverlöten wenigstens eines Halbleiterbauelements mit einem Substrat für einen Stromrichter |
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JPH03184694A (ja) * | 1989-12-11 | 1991-08-12 | Tdk Corp | 半田シート並びにその貼着方法 |
DE19930190C2 (de) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-12-13 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Lötmittel zur Verwendung bei Diffusionslötprozessen |
JP2001085832A (ja) * | 1999-09-13 | 2001-03-30 | Omron Corp | 電子部品実装構造とその実装方法 |
DE20320259U1 (de) * | 2002-02-06 | 2004-04-01 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Lot und Lotverbindung |
US7565996B2 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2009-07-28 | United Technologies Corp. | Transient liquid phase bonding using sandwich interlayers |
JP2007044701A (ja) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-22 | Fuji Electric Device Technology Co Ltd | 鉛フリー化はんだ材 |
US20090004500A1 (en) | 2007-06-26 | 2009-01-01 | Daewoong Suh | Multilayer preform for fast transient liquid phase bonding |
AT10735U1 (de) * | 2008-05-21 | 2009-09-15 | Austria Tech & System Tech | Verfahren zur herstellung einer leiterplatte sowie verwendung und leiterplatte |
DE102008055134A1 (de) * | 2008-12-23 | 2010-07-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrisches oder elektronisches Verbundbauteil sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines elektrischen oder elektronischen Verbundbauteils |
DE102010013610B4 (de) * | 2010-03-22 | 2013-04-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zum stoffschlüssigen Verbinden von elektronischen Bauelementen oder Kontaktelementen und Substraten |
US8431445B2 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2013-04-30 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Multi-component power structures and methods for forming the same |
US8513806B2 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-08-20 | Rohm Co., Ltd. | Laminated high melting point soldering layer formed by TLP bonding and fabrication method for the same, and semiconductor device |
DE102011083926A1 (de) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Schichtverbund aus einer Trägerfolie und einer Schichtanordnung umfassend eine sinterbare Schicht aus mindestens einem Metallpulver und eine Lotschicht |
DE102013219642A1 (de) | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Diffusionslöten unter Ausbildung einer Diffusionszone als Lötverbindung und elektronische Baugruppe mit einer solchen Lötverbindung |
CN108430690B (zh) * | 2016-02-01 | 2021-05-14 | 株式会社村田制作所 | 接合材料、使用该接合材料的接合方法和接合结构 |
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- 2017-04-25 DE DE102017206930.9A patent/DE102017206930A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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- 2018-04-19 JP JP2019558363A patent/JP6927638B2/ja active Active
- 2018-04-19 US US16/607,543 patent/US20200139490A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-04-19 KR KR1020197030389A patent/KR102226143B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2018-04-19 CN CN201880026907.1A patent/CN110546759A/zh active Pending
- 2018-04-19 EP EP18722915.8A patent/EP3583623A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-04-19 WO PCT/EP2018/059971 patent/WO2018197314A1/de unknown
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WO2018197314A1 (de) | 2018-11-01 |
KR20190129940A (ko) | 2019-11-20 |
DE102017206930A1 (de) | 2018-10-25 |
US20200139490A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
CN110546759A (zh) | 2019-12-06 |
JP2020518456A (ja) | 2020-06-25 |
KR102226143B1 (ko) | 2021-03-09 |
EP3583623A1 (de) | 2019-12-25 |
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