JP6920421B2 - 熱伝導性電気絶縁材料 - Google Patents
熱伝導性電気絶縁材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6920421B2 JP6920421B2 JP2019510948A JP2019510948A JP6920421B2 JP 6920421 B2 JP6920421 B2 JP 6920421B2 JP 2019510948 A JP2019510948 A JP 2019510948A JP 2019510948 A JP2019510948 A JP 2019510948A JP 6920421 B2 JP6920421 B2 JP 6920421B2
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- Prior art keywords
- thermally conductive
- paper
- thermal conductivity
- conductive filler
- filler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical group N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
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Images
Classifications
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Description
本発明は、電気絶縁用途に好適な材料に関する。特に、本発明は、変圧器、モータ、発電機及び他の電気デバイスに好適な電気絶縁材料に関する。特に、本技術は、熱伝導性充填剤の相乗的ブレンドを有する、熱伝導性電気絶縁材料に関する。
熱は、変圧器、モータ、発電機及び他の電気デバイスの望ましくない副産物である。動作温度が高くなるほど、デバイスの寿命と信頼性とは典型的に低下するとともに、実際のデバイス設計において、設計上の制約が課せられる。変圧器、モータ及び発電機に使用される、従来の電気絶縁紙などの電気絶縁材料は、熱伝導性の低い熱伝導体であることが多く、デバイスの放熱を制限することがある。
電気機器用途において好適な性能を達成する熱伝導率の高い材料が、特定の電気絶縁用途で必要とされている。
「セルロースを含まない」とは、ごく微量のセルロース系材料しか含まないこと、例えば、0.5重量%未満のセルロース系材料を含むこと、好ましくは、0.1重量%未満のセルロース系材料を含むこと、より好ましくは、セルロース系材料を含まないことを意味し、
「直接融着」は、接着剤層などの介在層を有しないことを意味し、
「不織紙」は、短繊維から主に構成されるシート材料を意味し、
「短繊維」は、長さ1インチ未満の繊維を意味し、
「MD」又は「機械方向」は、連続するシート材料の巻取方向と平行な方向を指し、
「他の無機充填剤」は、0.6W/m−K未満の熱伝導率を有する無機充填剤である。
当該技術分野において知られている方法を使用して、以下のとおり、例示的な電気絶縁不織紙を作製した。
10重量%のp−アラミドパルプ(比表面積12〜15m2/g)、1.5重量%のアクリル繊維(0.1デシテックス×3mm)、3.5重量%のp−アラミド繊維(1.7デニール×6mm)及び10重量%のアクリルラテックスの混合物と、75重量%の表1〜5に示す充填剤とを水で分散させ、固形分含有量が約0.06〜0.9重量%の水性スラリーを形成した。抄紙機のスクリーンパート及びプレスパート(Williams Standard Pulp Testing Apparatus)により、脱水を行った。次いで、紙を乾燥させた。
メイヤーロッド(ワイヤーサイズ#20)を使用してポリマーフィルムの表面上に積層接着剤を塗布し、次いで、これをラボ用オーブン中、250°F(121℃)で1分間乾燥させた。次いで、ラボ用ホットロールラミネータ(Chemsultants International)で、(Dow Chemical Company(Midland MI))から入手可能なROBOND(登録商標)L−330/CR9−101Laminating Adhesiveを用いて、250°F(121℃)及び5ft/分で、カレンダー紙層をフィルムに積層した。このプロセスを繰り返して第2のカレンダー紙層をポリマーフィルムの反対側に適用し、紙/ポリマーフィルム/紙積層体を得た。
熱伝導率
熱伝導率の値は、ASTM E−1530に従って、Unithermモデル2021保護熱流計を用いて測定した。測定は、180℃で行った。電気絶縁紙の多孔質領域に界面流体/材料が浸透することにより起こり得る複雑化を回避するために、いかなる界面流体/材料も使用せずに、試料を測定した。界面流体を使用しないことから、熱伝導率の測定には、試験プレートの表面と試料材料の表面との間の界面における熱損失が含まれるため、ここで報告される熱伝導率の測定値は、材料の実際の固有の熱伝導率よりも低くなり得る。薄い試料を、熱抵抗が装置の較正範囲内になるまで、積み重ねた。DuPont Advanced Fibers Systems(Richmond,VA)から入手可能な従来のNomex(登録商標)Paperタイプ410の熱伝導率は、0.10W/m−Kであることが判明し、3M Company(St.Paul,MN)から入手可能な従来の3M(登録商標)ThermaVolt Calendered Inorganic Insulating Paper Laminateの熱伝導率は、0.2W/m−Kであることが判明した。
いかなる破断もなくロッドをラップするのに十分な柔軟性があるかどうかを確かめるために、直径2.54mm(0.1”)のロッドの周りに電気絶縁材料をラップすることによって、ラップ柔軟性を目視で評価した。
試料を環境チャンバ内に入れ、表9に示す指定のエージング条件に24時間暴露した。重量分析及び乾燥試料と指定暴露後の試料との比較により、含水率を決定した。
なお、以上の各実施例に加えて以下の態様について付記する。
(付記1)
アラミド繊維と、 アラミドパルプと、
バインダー材料と、
熱伝導性充填剤の相乗的ブレンドであって、前記相乗的ブレンドが第1の熱伝導性充填剤及び第2の熱伝導性充填剤を含む、相乗的ブレンドと、
を含む熱伝導性電気絶縁紙。
(付記2)
アクリル繊維を更に含む、付記1に記載の紙。
(付記3)
他の無機充填剤を更に含む、付記1に記載の紙。
(付記4)
前記他の無機充填剤が、カオリン粘土、タルク、マイカ、炭酸カルシウム、アルミナ三水和物、モンモリロナイト、スメクタイト、ベントナイト、イライト、クロライト、セピオライト、アタパルジャイト、ハロイサイト、バーミキュライト、ラポナイト、レクトライト、パーライト及びこれらの組み合わせのうち少なくとも1つを含む、付記3に記載の紙。
(付記5)
前記他の無機充填剤が、カオリン粘土を含む、付記3に記載の紙。
(付記6)
第3の熱伝導性充填剤を更に含む、付記1に記載の紙。
(付記7)
前記第1の熱伝導性充填剤が40W/m−Kに等しいか又はこれより大きい熱伝導率を有する高熱伝導性充填剤であり、前記第2の熱伝導性充填剤が40W/m−K未満の熱伝導率を有する低熱伝導性充填剤である、付記1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
(付記8)
前記第1の熱伝導性充填剤が窒化ホウ素であり、前記第2の熱伝導性充填剤がシリカ、アルミナ、炭酸カルシウム及びアルミナ三水和物のうちの少なくとも1つである、付記1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
(付記9)
前記バインダー材料が、ポリマーラテックス材料であり、前記ポリマーラテックスが、アクリルラテックス、アクリルコポリマーラテックス、ニトリルラテックス及びスチレンラテックスのうちの少なくとも1つである、付記1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
(付記10)
前記バインダー材料がアクリルラテックスである、付記1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
(付記11)
前記紙の熱伝導率が0.4W/m−Kより大きい、付記1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
(付記12)
前記アラミド繊維が、0.5インチ未満の長さを有するパラアラミド繊維である、付記1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
(付記13)
前記アラミドパルプが、パラアラミドパルプである、付記1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
(付記14)
セルロースを含まない、付記1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
(付記15)
20重量%〜30重量%の有機成分であって、前記有機成分の一部が繊維性である、有機成分と、
70重量%〜80重量%の無機成分であって、前記無機成分の一部が熱伝導性充填剤の相乗的ブレンドであり、前記相乗的ブレンドが第1の熱伝導性充填剤及び第2の熱伝導性充填剤を含む、無機成分と、を含む、熱伝導性電気絶縁紙。
(付記16)
前記有機成分が、ポリマー繊維、ポリマーパルプ及びバインダー材料の組み合わせを含む、付記15に記載の紙。
(付記17)
前記ポリマー繊維が、アラミド繊維、ポリフェニレンサルファイド(PPS)繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ポリアミド繊維、アクリル繊維、メラミン繊維、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)繊維のうちの少なくとも1つを含み、バインダー材料が、ポリマーラテックス材料であり、前記ポリマーラテックスが、アクリルラテックス、ニトリルラテックス及びスチレンラテックスのうちの少なくとも1つである、付記16に記載の紙。
(付記18)
前記有機成分が、パラアラミド繊維、アクリル繊維;パラアラミドパルプ及びアクリルラテックスバインダー材料の組み合わせを含む、付記16又は17に記載の紙。
(付記19)
前記無機成分が、他の無機充填剤、無機難燃剤及び無機顔料のうちの少なくとも1つを更に含む、付記15〜18のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
(付記20)
他の無機充填剤を更に含む、付記15〜19のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
(付記21)
前記他の無機充填剤が、カオリン粘土である、付記20に記載の紙。
(付記22)
前記第1の熱伝導性充填剤が40W/m−Kに等しいか又はこれより大きい熱伝導率を有する高熱伝導性充填剤であり、前記第2の熱伝導性充填剤が40W/m−K未満の熱伝導率を有する低熱伝導性充填剤である、付記15〜21のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
(付記23)
前記第1の熱伝導性充填剤が窒化ホウ素であり、前記第2の熱伝導性充填剤がシリカ、アルミナ、炭酸カルシウム及びアルミナ三水和物のうちの少なくとも1つである、付記15〜22のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
(付記24)
前記物品がセルロースを実質的に含まない、付記15に記載の紙。
(付記25)
付記1又は15に記載の紙を含む、電気機器用の電気絶縁材料。
(付記26)
前記電気機器が、変圧器、モータ及び発電機のうちの1つを備える、付記25に記載の絶縁システム。
(付記27)
ポリマーフィルムの表面に積層された、付記1〜26のいずれか一項に記載の熱伝導性電気絶縁紙を含む、熱伝導性絶縁材料。
(付記28)
前記ポリマーフィルムが熱伝導性ポリマーフィルムである、付記27に記載の熱伝導性絶縁材料。
(付記29)
前記熱伝導性電気絶縁紙が、前記熱伝導性ポリマーフィルムの両面に積層されている、付記27又は28に記載の熱伝導性絶縁材料。
(付記30)
前記熱伝導性電気絶縁紙と前記熱伝導性ポリマーフィルムとの間に配置された積層接着剤層を更に含む、付記27〜29のいずれか一項に記載の熱伝導性絶縁材料。
(付記31)
付記27〜30のいずれか一項に記載の熱伝導性絶縁材料を含む、電気機器用の電気絶縁材料。
Claims (14)
- アラミド繊維と、
アラミドパルプと、
バインダー材料と、
熱伝導性充填剤の相乗的ブレンドであって、前記相乗的ブレンドが第1の熱伝導性充填剤及び第2の熱伝導性充填剤を含む、相乗的ブレンドと、
を含み、
前記第1の熱伝導性充填剤が40W/m−Kに等しいか又はこれより大きい熱伝導率を有する高熱伝導性充填剤であり、前記第2の熱伝導性充填剤が40W/m−K未満の熱伝導率を有する低熱伝導性充填剤であり、
前記第1の熱伝導性充填剤が窒化ホウ素であり、前記第2の熱伝導性充填剤が炭酸カルシウムである、熱伝導性電気絶縁紙。 - アクリル繊維を更に含む、請求項1に記載の紙。
- 他の無機充填剤を更に含む、請求項1に記載の紙。
- 前記他の無機充填剤が、カオリン粘土を含む、請求項3に記載の紙。
- 第3の熱伝導性充填剤を更に含む、請求項1に記載の紙。
- 前記バインダー材料がアクリルラテックスである、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
- 前記紙の熱伝導率が0.4W/m−Kより大きい、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
- 前記アラミド繊維が、1.27cm未満の長さを有するパラアラミド繊維であり、前記アラミドパルプが、パラアラミドパルプである、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
- 20重量%〜30重量%の有機成分であって、前記有機成分の一部が繊維性である、有機成分と、
70重量%〜80重量%の無機成分であって、前記無機成分の一部が熱伝導性充填剤の相乗的ブレンドであり、前記相乗的ブレンドが第1の熱伝導性充填剤及び第2の熱伝導性充填剤を含む、無機成分と、を含み、
前記第1の熱伝導性充填剤が40W/m−Kに等しいか又はこれより大きい熱伝導率を有する高熱伝導性充填剤であり、前記第2の熱伝導性充填剤が40W/m−K未満の熱伝導率を有する低熱伝導性充填剤であり、
前記第1の熱伝導性充填剤が窒化ホウ素であり、前記第2の熱伝導性充填剤が炭酸カルシウムである、
熱伝導性電気絶縁紙。 - 前記有機成分が、ポリマー繊維、ポリマーパルプ及びバインダー材料の組み合わせを含む、請求項9に記載の紙。
- 前記有機成分が、パラアラミド繊維、アクリル繊維;パラアラミドパルプ及びアクリルラテックスバインダー材料の組み合わせを含む、請求項10に記載の紙。
- 前記無機成分が、他の無機充填剤、無機難燃剤及び無機顔料のうちの少なくとも1つを更に含む、請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
- 他の無機充填剤を更に含む、請求項9〜12のいずれか一項に記載の紙。
- ポリマーフィルムの表面に積層された、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の熱伝導性電気絶縁紙を含む、
熱伝導性絶縁材料。
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