JP6890540B2 - 肺高血圧症のための併用療法 - Google Patents
肺高血圧症のための併用療法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6890540B2 JP6890540B2 JP2017536934A JP2017536934A JP6890540B2 JP 6890540 B2 JP6890540 B2 JP 6890540B2 JP 2017536934 A JP2017536934 A JP 2017536934A JP 2017536934 A JP2017536934 A JP 2017536934A JP 6890540 B2 JP6890540 B2 JP 6890540B2
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Description
特段の記載がない限り、本明細書および特許請求の範囲を含む本出願で用いられている以下の用語は、以下の定義を有することに留意されたい。本明細書および添付の特許請求の範囲で用いられている単数形「a」、「an」、および「the」は、文脈において明確に特段の記載がない限り複数の指示対象を含む。標準的な化学用語の定義は、参考文献、例えばCarey and Sundberg (2004) “Advanced Organic Chemistry 4rd Ed.” Vols. A and B, Springer, New Yorkを参照してよい。本発明の実施では、特段の記載がない限り、当業者の技術の範囲内で、質量分析、タンパク質化学、生化学、および薬理学の通常の方法を利用するであろう。
(1)無機酸、例えば塩酸、臭化水素酸、硫酸、硝酸、およびリン酸などと形成されるか;または有機酸、例えば酢酸、プロピオン酸、ヘキサン酸、シクロペンタンプロピオン酸、グリコール酸、ピルビン酸、乳酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、リンゴ酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、酒石酸、クエン酸、安息香酸、3−(4−ヒドロキシベンゾイル)安息香酸、桂皮酸、マンデル酸、メタンスルホン酸、エタンスルホン酸、1,2−エタンジスルホン酸、2−ヒドロキシエタンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、2−ナフタレンスルホン酸、4−メチルビシクロ−[2.2.2]オクト−2−エン−1−カルボン酸、グルコヘプトン酸、4,4’−メチレンビス−(3−ヒドロキシ−2−エン−1−カルボン酸)、3−フェニルプロピオン酸、トリメチル酢酸、tertブチル酢酸、ラウリル硫酸、グルコン酸、グルタミン酸、ヒドロキシナフトエ酸、サリチル酸、ステアリン酸、およびムコン酸などと形成される酸付加塩;
(2)親化合物に存在する酸性部分が金属イオン、例えばアルカリ金属イオン、アルカリ土類イオン、もしくはアルミニウムイオンと置き換わるか;または有機塩基と配位する場合に形成される塩を含む。許容される有機塩基は、エタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、トロメタミン、およびN−メチルグルカミンなどを含む。許容される無機塩基は、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、および水酸化ナトリウムなどを含む。医薬的に許容される塩に言及する場合、その溶媒付加形態または結晶形態、特に溶媒和物または多形を含むと理解されたい。溶媒和物は化学量論的または非化学量論的量の溶媒を含み、結晶化の過程でしばしば形成される。水和物は溶媒が水である場合に形成され、またアルコラートは溶媒がアルコールである場合に形成される。多形は同一の元素組成の化合物の異なる結晶パッキング配置を含む。多形は通常、異なるX線回折パターン、赤外線スペクトル、融点、密度、硬度、結晶形、光学的および電気的特性、安定性、ならびに溶解性を有する。様々な要素、例えば再結晶化溶媒、結晶化速度、および保存温度が単一結晶形態が優位を占める原因となりうる。
本発明の併用は、BMPR2経路シグナル伝達を増加させる。特定の態様では、本発明の併用は、毒性が減少し、かつ有害副作用が減少する。
(a)1つ以上の血行動態パラメーターのベースラインに対するより正常なレベルへの調整、例えば平均PAPもしくはPVRの低下、もしくはPCWPもしくはLVEDPの上昇;
(b)ベースラインに対する肺機能の改善、例えば6分間歩行距離(6MWD)の試験で測定される運動能力の増加、もしくはBorg呼吸困難指数(BDI)の低下など;
(c)ベースラインに対する1つ以上のクオリティ・オブ・ライフパラメーターの改善、例えばSF−36(登録商標)健康調査機能スケールの少なくとも1つのスコアの増加;
(d)例えばより低いWHO機能分類への移動による状態の重症度のベースラインに対する全般的改善;
(e)治療しない場合に予想される状態に対する治療期間後の臨床転帰の改善(例えば、臨床試験の状況でプラセボと比較して測定される改善)、例えば予後改善、臨床的悪化までの時間の延長もしくは臨床的悪化の可能性の低下、クオリティ・オブ・ライフの延長(例えば、より高いWHO機能分類への悪化の遅延もしくは1つ以上のクオリティ・オブ・ライフパラメーター、例えばSF−36(登録商標)健康調査パラメーターの低下の遅延)、および/もしくは寿命の増加;ならびに/または
(f)臨床転帰を予測することができる1つ以上の分子マーカー、例えば骨形成タンパク質(BMP)、心筋トロポニンT(cTnT)、NT−proBNP、またはB型ナトリウム利尿ペプチド(BNP)の血漿濃度のより正常なレベルへの調整。
本発明の1つの態様では、BMPR2シグナル伝達を増加させる活性剤および第2の活性剤の患者への投与は、相加的または相乗的治療効果をもたらす。用語「相加的」は、1つの治療剤を別の治療剤と併用した場合に生じる治療効果の予想される大きさを指す。本明細書で用いられている用語「相乗的」は、2つ以上の単一薬剤の相加効果よりも有効な治療の組み合わせを指す。相乗作用は予想される相加効果を超える作用として本明細書で定義され、拮抗作用はCho and Talalay J.Biol.Chem.252:6438−6442(1977)で提唱されてよるように、予想される相加効果未満の作用として定義される.
上記化合物は好ましくは、例えば当該技術分野で一般的に知られている技術を用いて対象に投与するための医薬組成物に製剤化することによって薬物を製造するために用いられ。そのような医薬組成物の概要は、例えばRemington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PAに見ることができる。本発明の化合物は、単独で、または混合物の成分として用いられてよい。化合物の好ましい形態は、全身投与のための形態、および局所投与または経皮投与のための形態である。徐放用に設計された製剤も本発明の範囲内に包含される。単位剤形の製剤も本発明の実施に好ましい。
本発明の化合物は、対象が肺高血圧症、特に肺動脈高血圧症、または該誘導体による治療によって恩恵を被るであろう望ましくない状態を有すると決定する際に対象に投与されてよい。該決定は対象の疾患または状態の診断の一部として医療または臨床関係者によってなされてよい。
本明細書に記載された治療応用のためのキットおよび製造品も本発明の範囲内に含まれる。そのようなキットは担体、パッケージ、またはバイアルおよびチューブなどの1つ以上の容器を受容するための区分された容器を含んでよく、各容器は本発明の方法で用いられる別々の要素の1つを含む。適切な容器は、例えば、ビン、バイアル、シリンジ、および試験管を含む。容器はガラスまたはプラスチックなどの様々な物質から形成されてよい。
臨床研究
BMPR2シグナル伝達を増加させるための薬剤としてタクロリムスを選択した。プラセボに対する異なる用量のタクロリムス(目標血液レベル<2ng/ml、2〜3ng/ml、または3〜5ng/ml)の安全性および耐容性を評価するための第IIA相試験を実施した(臨床試験識別番号:NCT01647945)。二次エンドポイントは、臨床的悪化の変化、6分間歩行距離、NT−proBNP、尿酸、および新規エコーパラメーターの変化を選択した。第IIA相試験は23人の患者で単一施設試験にて実施した。この研究では、肺高血圧症を有する18〜70歳の男性または女性対象を受け入れた。用いた試験対象患者基準および除外基準は以下の通りである:
試験対象患者基準
1. 年齢≧18かつ<70歳
2. WHOグループI肺動脈高血圧症(PAH)の診断(突発性(I)PAH、遺伝性PAH(例えば遺伝性出血性毛細血管拡張症)、随伴性(A)PAH(例えば膠原血管病、薬物+毒物暴露、先天性心疾患、および門脈肺疾患)。
3. 積極的PAH治療、例えばいずれかのプロスタサイクリンまたはホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤およびエンドセリンアンタゴニスト、アンブリセンタン単独または併用に対する安定性(安定性は以下で定義される:6MWDの<10%変化、NYHAクラスの不変、少なくとも3カ月間入院またはPAH治療の加療なし)。
4. 確認された以前の右心カテーテル法(RHC):
a. 平均PAP≧25mmHg。
b. 肺毛細血管楔入圧<15mmHg。
c. 肺血管抵抗≧3.0ウッド単位または240ダイン/sec/cm5
5. 全NYHA/WHO機能分類。
6. 女性対象が受胎調節を使用する意志、または閉経後、もしくは子宮摘出後状態。
除外基準:
1. WHOグループII〜V肺高血圧症。
2. 現在または過去6カ月以内の事前の実験的PAH治療(例えば限定されるものではないが、チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、rhoキナーゼ阻害剤、またはcGMP調節因子)。
3. 二重エンドセリン受容体アンタゴニスト、ボセンタンによる現在の積極的治療。
4. 全肺気量(TLC)が<60%であると予想される;TLC b/w60および70%が予想される場合、重大な間質性肺疾患を除外するために高分解能コンピュータ断層撮影が利用できる。
5. 努力呼気肺活量(FEV1)/努力性肺活量(FVC)が<70%であると予想され、かつFEV1が<60%であると予想される
6. 重大な左心疾患(心エコー図のスクリーニングに基づいて):
a. 重大な大動脈または僧帽弁疾患
b. 拡張機能障害≧グレードII
c. 左心室(LV)収縮機能<45%
d. 心膜収縮
e. 拘束型心筋症
f. 明らかな虚血を有する重大な冠動脈疾患。
7. 推定クレアチニンクリアランス<30ml/minとして定義される慢性腎不全(腎疾患における食事の変更(MDRD)式による)。
8. 至適なコントロール下にない現在の心房性不整脈。
9. コントロール不良の全身高血圧症:SBP>160mmまたはDBP>100mm
10.重篤な低血圧症:SBP<80mmHg。
11.妊娠中または授乳。
12.患者がインフォームドコンセントを提供し、研究プロトコールに従い、治療指示を守る能力を損なう精神障害、嗜癖障害、または他の障害。
13.活性シクロスポリン使用。
14.タクロリムスに対する既知のアレルギーまたは過敏症。
15.研究期間中の心臓または肺のリハビリテーションの計画的開始。
16.ヒト免疫不全ウイルス感染。
17.チャイルド・ピュースコア>10を有する中等度から重度の肝機能障害。
18.スクリーニングでカリウム>5.1mEq/Lで定義される高カリウム血症。
19.抗生物質、抗真菌、または抗ウイルス治療を必要とする既知の活性感染。
20.患者が運動能力およびWHO機能分類を評価する能力を損なう併発状態、例えば限定されるものではないが慢性腰痛または末梢筋骨格問題。
これは第II相、無作為、二重盲検、プラセボ対照試験であり、1つの主要なおよび2つの二次的な特定の目的がある。特定の目的1はPAHを有する患者のタクロリムスの安全性および耐容性を調べることであり、一方、特定の目的2および3は臨床的悪化に対するタクロリムスの効果(#2)および例えば運動負荷試験および疾患バイオマーカーなどの臨床マーカーに対するタクロリムスの効果(#3)を評価することである。このプロトコールの患者は、他のPAH治療で同時に治療されていてもよい。
結果は、タクロリムスは全ての試験用量で十分耐性があり、薬物関連の重篤な有害現象がなく、高血圧症または心血管イベントの発生がないことを示し、バイオマーカーデータはBMPR2シグナル伝達の増加を示した。
人道的使用研究
ニューヨーク心臓協会(NYHA)クラスIV症状による定期的な入院でPAHの持続的な悪化を示したために第IIA相臨床試験のための試験対象患者基準を満たさなかった3人のPAH患者を、目標血液レベル1.5〜2.5ng/mLにてタクロリムスで治療した。利用した臨床パラメーターは以下の通りである:NYHA機能分類、6分間歩行距離(6MWD)、血清学的バイオマーカー(例えばNT−proBNP、心不全のためのバイオマーカー)、入院、および患者に盲検で専門家によって解釈される標準的でプロトコール化した心臓磁気共鳴画像法(cMRI)、ならびに日付を臨床パラメーターとして用いた。
Claims (11)
- タクロリムスまたはその医薬的に許容される溶媒和物もしくは塩を含む、患者の肺高血圧症を治療または予防するための医薬組成物であって、PDE5阻害剤またはその医薬的に許容される溶媒和物もしくは塩と併用される医薬組成物であって、患者が(a)肺高血圧症の状態の改善を示す1つ以上の血行動態パラメーターのベースラインに対するより正常なレベルへの調整;(b)ベースラインに対する運動能力の増加;(c)ベースラインに対するBorg呼吸困難指数(BDI)の低下;(d)ベースラインに対する1つ以上のクオリティ・オブ・ライフパラメーターの改善;(e)より低いWHO機能分類への移動;および(f)ベースラインに対する血漿ナトリウム利尿ペプチドレベルの減少の少なくとも1つを経験するための、医薬組成物。
- 肺高血圧症が慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)、睡眠呼吸障害、肺胞性換気過少障害、高地への慢性暴露、発生異常、近位および/もしくは遠位肺動脈の血栓塞栓性閉塞、非血栓性肺塞栓症、サルコイドーシス、ヒスチオサイトーシスX、リンパ管腫症、または肺血管の圧迫の1つ以上と関連している、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 肺高血圧症が肺動脈高血圧症(PAH)である、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 1日用量が0.02ng/mL〜10ng/mLの血清濃度を提供する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 1日用量が0.1ng/mL〜5ng/mLの血清濃度を提供する、請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 1日用量が0.1ng/mL〜4ng/mLの血清濃度を提供する、請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
- PDE5阻害剤がアバナフィル、ロデナフィル、ミロデナフィル、シルデナフィル、タダラフィル、バルデナフィル(verdenafil)、ウデナフィル、ザプリナスト、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- タクロリムスまたはその医薬的に許容される溶媒和物もしくは塩を含む、患者の肺動脈高血圧症を治療または予防するための医薬組成物であって、PDE5阻害剤またはその医薬的に許容される溶媒和物もしくは塩と併用される医薬組成物。
- PDE5阻害剤がアバナフィル、ロデナフィル、ミロデナフィル、シルデナフィル、タダラフィル、バルデナフィル(verdenafil)、ウデナフィル、ザプリナスト、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- PDE5阻害剤がアバナフィル、ウデナフィル、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- PDE5阻害剤がアバナフィルである、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
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US201562103020P | 2015-01-13 | 2015-01-13 | |
US62/103,020 | 2015-01-13 | ||
PCT/US2016/012694 WO2016114993A1 (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2016-01-08 | Combination therapy for pulmonary hypertension |
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US10912778B2 (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2021-02-09 | Respira Therapeutics, Inc. | Methods for treatment of pulmonary hypertension |
CN112569357B (zh) * | 2019-09-30 | 2023-03-28 | 深圳奥萨制药有限公司 | 双重内皮素受体拮抗剂与利尿剂的组合物 |
CN114728002A (zh) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-07-08 | 埃科特莱茵药品有限公司 | 治疗肺动脉高血压的方法 |
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US9267134B2 (en) * | 2011-05-09 | 2016-02-23 | The University Court Of The University Of Glasgow | Methods of modulating MicroRNAs in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension |
EP2827849A4 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2015-11-18 | Univ Leland Stanford Junior | TREATMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTONIA WITH LEUKOTRIENHEMMERN |
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EP3244968A4 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
CA2973114C (en) | 2023-04-04 |
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BR112017014914B1 (pt) | 2023-11-14 |
RU2017128481A3 (ja) | 2019-06-25 |
AU2016207046B2 (en) | 2021-04-01 |
AU2016207046A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
NZ733451A (en) | 2023-02-24 |
US20210267951A1 (en) | 2021-09-02 |
WO2016114993A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
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