JP6886602B2 - 樹脂組成物、硬化物及び積層体 - Google Patents
樹脂組成物、硬化物及び積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6886602B2 JP6886602B2 JP2020539300A JP2020539300A JP6886602B2 JP 6886602 B2 JP6886602 B2 JP 6886602B2 JP 2020539300 A JP2020539300 A JP 2020539300A JP 2020539300 A JP2020539300 A JP 2020539300A JP 6886602 B2 JP6886602 B2 JP 6886602B2
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Description
また、半導体封止材料や多層プリント基板用絶縁層などに用いられる先端電子材料にも、その極薄型化の影響からシリコンチップと金属の熱膨張差による反りが深刻な問題となっており、応力緩和機能がこれまで以上に求められている。
以上より、弾性変形を前提とする高い伸び率と、常温および高温領域での接着性を兼備する、柔軟な硬化物を付与するエポキシ化合物が求められている。
また、該樹脂組成物を硬化してなる硬化物、該硬化物層と基材とを有することを特徴とする積層体を提供することにある。
R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して水素原子または炭素数1または2のアルキル基を表し、
R3〜R8はそれぞれ独立して水酸基、グリシジルエーテル基およびまたは2−メチルグリシジルエーテル基を表し、かつ、R3〜R8のうち少なくとも1つはグリシジルエーテル基または2−メチルグリシジルエーテル基であって、
R9〜R12はそれぞれ独立して水素原子またはメチル基を表し,
nは11〜16の整数であって、
m及びp1及びp2及びqは繰り返しの平均値であり
mは0.5〜25であって、
p1及びp2はそれぞれ独立して0〜5であって、
qが0.5〜5を表す
(但し、繰り返し単位中に存在する各繰り返し単位はそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていても構わない)。)
本発明のエポキシ化合物Aは、エポキシ当量が500〜10000g/eqであって、下記式(1)で表される化合物である。
R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して水素原子または炭素数1または2のアルキル基を表し、
R3〜R8はそれぞれ独立して水酸基、グリシジルエーテル基およびまたは2−メチルグリシジルエーテル基を表し、かつ、R3〜R8のうち少なくとも1つはグリシジルエーテル基または2−メチルグリシジルエーテル基であって、
R9〜R12はそれぞれ独立して水素原子またはメチル基を表し,
nは11〜16の整数であって、
m及びp1及びp2及びqは繰り返しの平均値であり
mは0.5〜25であって、
p1及びp2はそれぞれ独立して0〜5であって、
qが0.5〜5を表す
(但し、繰り返し単位中に存在する各繰り返し単位はそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていても構わない)。)
これら繰り返しの平均値は、GPCで測定することで得ることが出来る。m及びp1及びp2及びqとしては、柔軟強靭性と耐久性を兼備する点から、好ましくはmが1.0〜10、p1及びp2が0.5〜3.0、qが0.6〜3.0である。
本発明のエポキシ化合物Aの製造方法としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、脂肪族系ジヒドロキシ化合物のジグリシジルエーテル(a1)と芳香族系ヒドロキシ化合物(a2)とを、モル比(a1)/(a2)が1/1.01〜1/5.0の範囲で反応させて得られるヒドロキシ化合物Bを更にエピハロヒドリン類(a3)と反応させる方法を用いることが、原料入手や反応が容易である点から好ましい。
脂肪族系ジヒドロキシ化合物のジグリシジルエーテル(a1)と芳香族系ヒドロキシ化合物(a2)とを反応させて得られるヒドロキシ化合物Bを更にエピハロヒドリン類(a3)と反応させてエポキシ化合物Aを得る場合、ヒドロキシ化合物Bとしては、脂肪族系ジヒドロキシ化合物のジグリシジルエーテル(a1)と芳香族系ヒドロキシ化合物(a2)とを、モル比(a1)/(a2)が1/1.01〜1/5.0の範囲で反応させることで得ることができる。
本発明のエポキシ化合物Aの製造方法において、ヒドロキシ化合物Bのグリシジルエーテル化反応の手法については特に限定は無く、フェノール性水酸基とエピハロヒドリン類とを反応させる方法や、フェノール性水酸基をオレフィン化し、オレフィンの炭素―炭素二重結合を酸化剤で酸化する方法等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、エピハロヒドリン類を用いた方法を用いることが、原料入手や反応が容易である点から好ましい。
相間移動触媒を使用する場合のその使用量としては、用いるエポキシ樹脂に対して0.1〜3.0質量%の範囲が好ましい。反応終了後、生成した塩を濾過、水洗などにより除去し、更に、加熱減圧下トルエン、メチルイソブチルケトンなどの溶剤を留去することにより高純度のエポキシ化合物Aを得ることができる。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、エポキシ当量が100〜300g/eqの範囲であるエポキシ化合物である。具体的には、例えば、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールS型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールAD型エポキシ樹脂、ポリヒドロキシベンゼン型エポキシ樹脂、ポリヒドロキシナフタレン型エポキシ樹脂、ビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂、テトラメチルビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂等の液状エポキシ樹脂、ブロム化フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂等の臭素化エポキシ樹脂、固形ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、トリフェニルメタン型エポキシ樹脂、テトラフェニルエタン型エポキシ樹脂、ジシクロペンタジエン−フェノール付加反応型エポキシ樹脂、フェノールアラルキル型エポキシ樹脂、フェニレンエーテル型エポキシ樹脂、ナフチレンエーテル型エポキシ樹脂、ナフトールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、ナフトールアラルキル型エポキシ樹脂、ナフトール−フェノール共縮ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、ナフトール−クレゾール共縮ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、芳香族炭化水素ホルムアルデヒド樹脂変性フェノール樹脂型エポキシ樹脂、ビフェニル変性ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂等のうち、エポキシ当量が100〜300g/eqであるものが挙げられ、単独でも、2種以上を併用してもよく、目的とする用途や硬化物の物性等に応じて種々選択して用いることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、本発明のエポキシ化合物Aとエポキシ化合物Bを含有するものである。
エポキシ化合物Aとエポキシ化合物Bの配合量としては特に限定はないが、好ましくはエポキシ化合物Aとエポキシ化合物Bとの比率が97:3〜3:97である場合である。好ましくは5:95〜95:5、特に好ましくは10:90〜90:10の場合であり、この比率であるとエポキシ化合物Aとエポキシ化合物Bを硬化物とした際に相分離が起こり、一部分離し海島構造を形成する。この海島構造により得られる硬化物の接着性と応力緩和能が両立され、特に広い温度領域で高い接着を発揮できるため、好ましい。さらに、樹脂組成物の加熱硬化前後における成形収縮率を低減する効果を有するため、好ましい。
アミン系化合物、酸無水物系化合物、アミド系化合物、フェノ−ル系化合物、カルボン酸系化合物や、前述のヒドロキシ化合物Bなどが挙げられる。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、前記エポキシ化合物Aおよびエポキシ化合物B以外に、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において、その他のエポキシ化合物を併用しても良い。このとき、本発明の組成物中におけるエポキシ化合物Aとエポキシ化合物Bの総量が全エポキシ化合物中30質量%以上であることが好ましく、特に40質量%以上であることが好ましい。
例えば、本発明の樹脂組成物は硬化促進剤を含有しても構わない。前記硬化促進剤としては種々のものが使用できるが、例えば、ウレア化合物、リン系化合物、第3級アミン、イミダゾール、有機酸金属塩、ルイス酸、アミン錯塩等が挙げられる。接着剤用途として使用する場合には、作業性、低温硬化性に優れる点から、ウレア化合物、特に3−(3,4−ジクロロフェニル)−1,1−ジメチルウレア(DCMU)が好ましい。半導体封止材料用途として使用する場合には、硬化性、耐熱性、電気特性、耐湿信頼性等に優れる点から、リン系化合物ではトリフェニルホスフィン、第3級アミンでは1,8−ジアザビシクロ−[5.4.0]−ウンデセンが好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、更にフィラーを含有してもよい。フィラーとしては、無機フィラーと有機フィラーが挙げられる。無機フィラーとしては、例えば無機微粒子が挙げられる。
これらの無機微粒子は、用途によって適時選択すればよく、単独で使用しても、複数種組み合わせて使用してもかまわない。また、上記無機微粒子は、例に挙げた特性以外にも様々な特性を有することから、適時用途に合わせて選択すればよい。
また、市販のコロイダルシリカとしては、例えば、日産化学工業(株)製メタノ−ルシリカゾル、IPA−ST、MEK−ST、NBA−ST、XBA−ST、DMAC−ST、ST−UP、ST−OUP、ST−20、ST−40、ST−C、ST−N、ST−O、ST−50、ST−OL等を挙げることができる。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、更に繊維質基質を含有してもよい。本発明の繊維質基質は、特に限定はないが、繊維強化樹脂に用いられるものが好ましく、無機繊維や有機繊維が挙げられる。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、樹脂組成物の固形分量や粘度を調整する目的として、分散媒を使用してもよい。分散媒としては、本発明の効果を損ねることのない液状媒体であればよく、各種有機溶剤、液状有機ポリマー等が挙げられる。
また、本発明の樹脂組成物は、本発明の前述した各種化合物以外の樹脂を有していてもよい。樹脂としては、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲であれば公知慣用の樹脂を配合すればよく、例えば熱硬化性樹脂や熱可塑性樹脂を用いることができる。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、その他の配合物を有していてもかまわない。例えば、触媒、重合開始剤、無機顔料、有機顔料、体質顔料、粘土鉱物、ワックス、界面活性剤、安定剤、流動調整剤、カップリング剤、染料、レベリング剤、レオロジーコントロール剤、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、難燃剤、可塑剤、反応性希釈剤等が挙げられる。
<硬化物>
熱硬化を行う場合、1回の加熱で硬化させてもよいし、多段階の加熱工程を経て硬化させてもかまわない。
本発明の硬化物は基材と積層することで積層体とすることができる。
積層体の基材としては、金属やガラス等の無機材料や、プラスチックや木材といった有機材料等、用途によって適時使用すればよく、積層体の形状としても、平板、シート状、あるいは三次元構造を有していても立体状であってもかまわない。全面にまたは一部に曲率を有するもの等目的に応じた任意の形状であってよい。また、基材の硬度、厚み等にも制限はない。また、本発明の硬化物を基材とし、更に本発明の硬化物を積層してもかまわない。
成形された樹脂組成物を積層する場合、未硬化または半硬化された樹脂組成物層を積層してから硬化させてもよいし、組成物を完全硬化した硬化物層を基材に対し積層してもよい。
また、本発明の硬化物に対して、基材となりうる前駆体を塗工して硬化させることで積層させてもよく、基材となりうる前駆体または本発明の組成物が未硬化あるいは半硬化の状態で接着させた後に硬化させてもよい。基材となりうる前駆体としては特に限定はなく、各種硬化性樹脂組成物等が挙げられる。
本発明の樹脂組成物が繊維質基質を有し、該繊維質基質が強化繊維の場合、繊維質基質を含有する組成物は繊維強化樹脂として用いることができる。
組成物に対し繊維質基質を含有させる方法は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲であればとくに限定はなく、繊維質基質と組成物とを、混練、塗布、含浸、注入、圧着、等の方法で複合化する方法が挙げられ、繊維の形態及び繊維強化樹脂の用途によって適時選択することができる。
本発明の繊維強化樹脂は、未硬化あるいは半硬化のプリプレグと呼ばれる状態を形成することができる。プリプレグの状態で製品を流通させた後、最終硬化をおこなって硬化物を形成してもよい。積層体を形成する場合は、プリプレグを形成した後、その他の層を積層してから最終硬化を行うことで、各層が密着した積層体を形成できるため、好ましい。
この時用いる組成物と繊維質基質の質量割合としては、特に限定されないが、通常、プリプレグ中の樹脂分が20〜60質量%となるように調製することが好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、その硬化物が、ガラス転移温度が高く、耐熱分解性に優れることから、耐熱部材に好適に使用可能である。また、基材への密着性に優れることから、特に電子部材に好適に使用可能である。特に、半導体封止材、回路基板、ビルドアップフィルム、ビルドアップ基板等や、接着剤やレジスト材料に好適に使用可能である。また、繊維強化樹脂のマトリクス樹脂にも好適に使用可能であり、高耐熱性のプリプレグとして特に適している。こうして得られる耐熱部材や電子部材は、各種用途に好適に使用可能であり、例えば、産業用機械部品、一般機械部品、自動車・鉄道・車両等部品、宇宙・航空関連部品、電子・電気部品、建築材料、容器・包装部材、生活用品、スポーツ・レジャー用品、風力発電用筐体部材等が挙げられるが、これらに限定される物ではない。
本発明の樹脂組成物から半導体封止材料を得る方法としては、前記樹脂組成物、及び硬化促進剤、及び無機充填剤等の配合剤とを必要に応じて押出機、ニ−ダ、ロ−ル等を用いて均一になるまで充分に溶融混合する方法が挙げられる。その際、無機充填剤としては、通常、溶融シリカが用いられるが、パワートランジスタ、パワーIC用高熱伝導半導体封止材として用いる場合は、溶融シリカよりも熱伝導率の高い結晶シリカ,アルミナ,窒化ケイ素などの高充填化、または溶融シリカ、結晶性シリカ、アルミナ、窒化ケイ素などを用いるとよい。その充填率は硬化性樹脂組成物100質量部当たり、無機充填剤を30〜95質量%の範囲で用いることが好ましく、中でも、難燃性や耐湿性や耐ハンダクラック性の向上、線膨張係数の低下を図るためには、70質量部以上がより好ましく、80質量部以上であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物から半導体装置を得る半導体パッケージ成形としては、上記半導体封止材料を注型、或いはトランスファー成形機、射出成形機などを用いて成形し、さらに50〜250℃で2〜10時間の間、加熱する方法が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物からプリント回路基板を得る方法としては、上記プリプレグを、常法により積層し、適宜銅箔を重ねて、1〜10MPaの加圧下に170〜300℃で10分〜3時間、加熱圧着させる方法が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物からビルドアップ基板を得る方法は、例えば以下の工程が挙げられる。まず、ゴム、フィラーなどを適宜配合した上記組成物を、回路を形成した回路基板にスプレーコーティング法、カーテンコーティング法等を用いて塗布した後、硬化させる工程(工程1)。その後、必要に応じて所定のスルーホール部等の穴あけを行った後、粗化剤により処理し、その表面を湯洗することによって凹凸を形成させ、銅などの金属をめっき処理する工程(工程2)。このような操作を所望に応じて順次繰り返し、樹脂絶縁層及び所定の回路パターンの導体層を交互にビルドアップして形成する工程(工程3)。なお、スルーホール部の穴あけは、最外層の樹脂絶縁層の形成後に行う。また、本発明のビルドアップ基板は、銅箔上で当該樹脂組成物を半硬化させた樹脂付き銅箔を、回路を形成した配線基板上に、170〜300℃で加熱圧着することで、粗化面を形成、メッキ処理の工程を省き、ビルドアップ基板を作製することも可能である。
本発明の組成物からビルドアップフィルムを得る方法としては、基材である支持フィルム(Y)の表面に、上記組成物を塗布し、更に加熱、あるいは熱風吹きつけ等により有機溶剤を乾燥させて組成物の層(X)を形成させることにより製造することができる。
本発明の組成物から導電ペーストを得る方法としては、例えば、導電性粒子を該組成物中に分散させる方法が挙げられる。上記導電ペーストは、用いる導電性粒子の種類によって、回路接続用ペースト樹脂組成物や異方性導電接着剤とすることができる。
磁場強度:600MHz
積算回数:32回
溶媒:DMSO−d6
試料濃度:30質量%
磁場強度:150MHz
積算回数:320回
溶媒:DMSO−d6
試料濃度:30質量%
測定範囲:m/z=50.00〜2000.00
変化率:25.6mA/min
最終電流値:40mA
カソード電圧:−10kV
カラム:東ソー株式会社製「TSK−GEL G2000HXL」+「TSK−GEL G3000HXL」+「TSK−GEL G4000HXL」
検出器:RI(示唆屈折率計)
測定条件:40℃
移動相:テトラヒドロフラン
流速:1ml/min
標準:東ソー株式会社製「PStQuick A」「PStQuick B」「PStQuick E」「PStQuick F」
温度計、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコに1,12−ドデカンジオールのジグリシジルエーテル(四日市合成株式会社製:エポキシ当量210g/eq)210g(0.5モル)とビスフェノールA(水酸基当量114g/eq)119.7g(0.53モル)を仕込み、140℃まで30分間要して昇温した後、20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液3.2gを仕込んだ。その後、30分間要して150℃まで昇温し、さらに150℃で16時間反応させた。その後、中和量のリン酸ソーダを添加し、ヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−1)を320g得た。このヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−1)はマススペクトルで前記構造式(b−1)中のm=1、n=12の理論構造に相当するM+=771のピークが得られたことから、前記構造式(b−1)で表される構造のヒドロキシ化合物を含有することが確認された。このヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−1)のNMRおよびGPCより算出した水酸基当量は2000g/eq、水酸基当量から算出した前記構造式(b−1)中のmの平均値は6.9であった。
合成例1における20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液3.2gを4%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液1.6gに変えた以外は合成例1と同様に反応し、ヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−2)を321g得た。このヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−2)は、マススペクトルで前記構造式(b−1)中のm=1、n=12の理論構造に相当するM+=771のピークが得られたことから、前記構造式(b−1)で表される構造のヒドロキシ化合物を含有することが確認された。このヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−2)のNMRおよびGPCより算出した水酸基当量は850g/eq、前記構造式(b−1)中のmの平均値は4.2であった。
合成例1における1,12−ドデカンジオールのジグリシジルエーテル(エポキシ当量210g/eq)210g(0.5モル)を、1,15−ペンタデカンジオールのジグリシジルエーテル(エポキシ当量236g/eq)236g(0.5モル)に変えた以外は合成例1と同様に反応し、ヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−3)を340g得た。このヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−3)は、マススペクトルで前記構造式(b−1)中のm=1、n=15の理論構造に相当するM+=813のピークが得られたことから、前記構造式(b−1)で表される構造のヒドロキシ化合物を含有することが確認された。このヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−3)のNMRおよびGPCより算出した水酸基当量は2130g/eq、前記構造式(b−1)中のmの平均値は6.9であった。
合成例1におけるビスフェノールA(水酸基当量114g/eq)を119.7g(0.53モル)を、ビスフェノールA(水酸基当量114g/eq)228g(1.0モル)に変えた以外は合成例1と同様に反応し、ヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−4)を420g得た。このヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−4)は、マススペクトルで前記構造式(b−1)中のm=1、n=12の理論構造に相当するM+=771のピークが得られたことから、前記構造式(b−1)で表される構造のヒドロキシ化合物を含有することが確認された。このヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−4)のNMRおよびGPCより算出した水酸基当量は340g/eq、前記構造式(b−1)中のmの平均値は0.9であった。
合成例1における1,12−ドデカンジオールのジグリシジルエーテル(エポキシ当量210g/eq)210g(0.5モル)を、1,9−ノナンジオールのジグリシジルエーテル(エポキシ当量190g/eq)190g(0.5モル)に変えた以外は合成例1と同様に反応し、ヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−5)を305g得た。このヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−5)をマススペクトルで測定したところ、前記構造式(b−1)中におけるm、nが、それぞれm=1、n=9の理論構造を有するヒドロキシ化合物である比較化合物1に相当するM+=729のピークが得られた。よって、当該ヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−5)は、前述した理論構造を有する比較化合物1を含有することが確認された。このヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−5)のNMRおよびGPCより算出した水酸基当量は1900g/eq、前記構造式(b−1)中のmの平均値は7.2であった。
合成例1における1,12−ドデカンジオールのジグリシジルエーテル(エポキシ当量210g/eq)210g(0.5モル)を、1,6−へキサンジオールのジグリシジルエーテル(エポキシ当量160g/eq)160g(0.5モル)に変えた以外は合成例1と同様に反応し、ヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−6)を270g得た。このヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−6)をマススペクトルで測定したところ、前記構造式(b−1)中におけるm、nが、それぞれm=1、n=6の理論構造を有するヒドロキシ化合物である比較化合物2に相当するM+=687のピークが得られた。よって、当該ヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−6)は、前述した理論構造を有する比較化合物2を含有することが確認された。このヒドロキシ化合物(Ph−6)のNMRおよびGPCより算出した水酸基当量は1890g/eq、前記構造式(b−1)中のmの平均値は7.7であった。
温度計、滴下ロート、冷却管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコに、窒素ガスパージを施しながら、合成例1で得られたヒドロキシ化合物Ph−1を200g、エピクロルヒドリン437g(4.72モル)、n−ブタノール118gを仕込み溶解させた。65℃に昇温した後、共沸する圧力まで減圧して、49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液6.66g(0.08モル)を5時間かけて滴下した。その後、同条件で0.5時間撹拌を続けた。この間、共沸によって留出してきた留出分をディーンスタークトラップで分離し、水層を除去し、油層を反応系内に戻しながら、反応を行った。その後、未反応のエピクロルヒドリンを減圧蒸留によって留去させた。それで得られた粗エポキシ樹脂にメチルイソブチルケトン150gとn−ブタノール150gとを加え溶解した。更にこの溶液に10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液10gを添加して80℃で2時間反応させた後に洗浄液のPHが中性となるまで水50gで水洗を3回繰り返した。次いで共沸によって系内を脱水し、精密濾過を経た後に、溶媒を減圧下で留去して、エポキシ化合物Ep−1を190g得た。得られたエポキシ化合物Ep−1のエポキシ当量は2320g/eqであった。このエポキシ樹脂(Ep−1)は、マススペクトルで前記構造式(A−1)中のm=1、n=12、p1=0、p2=0、q=1の理論構造に相当するM+=883のピークが得られたことから前記構造式(A−1)で表される構造のエポキシ樹脂を含有することが確認された。得られたエポキシ樹脂(Ep−1)は、前記構造式(A−1)においてq=0の化合物を含んでおり、GPCで確認したところ該混合物中q=0の化合物を0.7質量%の割合で含有するものであり、前記構造式(A−1)中のmの平均値は8.0であった。
合成例1で得られたヒドロキシ化合物Ph−1の200gを合成例2で得られたヒドロキシ化合物Ph−2の200gに変えた以外は合成例7と同様に反応し、エポキシ化合物Ep−2を180g得た。得られたエポキシ化合物Ep−2のエポキシ当量は1040g/eqであった。このエポキシ樹脂(Ep−2)は、マススペクトルで前記構造式(A−1)中のm=1、n=12、p1=0、p2=0、q=1の理論構造に相当するM+=883のピークが得られたことから前記構造式(A−1)で表される構造のエポキシ樹脂を含有することが確認された。得られたエポキシ樹脂(Ep−2)は、前記構造式(A−1)においてq=0の化合物を含んでおり、GPCで確認したところ該混合物中q=0の化合物を2.7質量%の割合で含有するものであり、前記構造式(A−1)中のmの平均値は3.2であった。
合成例1で得られたヒドロキシ化合物Ph−1の200gを合成例3で得られたヒドロキシ化合物Ph−3の200gに変えた以外は合成例7と同様に反応し、エポキシ化合物Ep−3を190g得た。得られたエポキシ化合物Ep−3のエポキシ当量は2510g/eqであった。このエポキシ樹脂(Ep−3)は、マススペクトルで前記構造式(A−1)中のm=1、n=15、p1=0、p2=0、q=1の理論構造に相当するM+=925のピークが得られたことから前記構造式(A−1)で表される構造のエポキシ樹脂を含有することが確認された。得られたエポキシ樹脂(Ep−3)は、前記構造式(A−1)においてq=0の化合物を含んでおり、GPCで確認したところ該混合物中q=0の化合物を0.8質量%の割合で含有するものであり、前記構造式(A−1)中のmの平均値は8.0であった。
合成例1で得られたヒドロキシ化合物Ph−1の200gを合成例4で得られたヒドロキシ化合物Ph−4の200gに変えた以外は合成例7と同様に反応し、エポキシ化合物Ep−4を205g得た。得られたエポキシ化合物Ep−4のエポキシ当量は461g/eqであった。このエポキシ樹脂(Ep−4)は、マススペクトルで前記構造式(A−1)中のm=1、n=12、p1=0、p2=0、q=1の理論構造に相当するM+=883のピークが得られたことから前記構造式(A−1)で表される構造のエポキシ樹脂を含有することが確認された。得られたエポキシ樹脂(Ep−4)は、前記構造式(A−1)においてq=0の化合物を含んでおり、GPCで確認したところ該混合物中q=0の化合物を20.5質量%の割合で含有するものであり、前記構造式(A−1)中のmの平均値は1.1であった。
[合成例11] Ph−5のエポキシ化合物Ep−5
合成例1で得られたヒドロキシ化合物Ph−1の200gを合成例5で得られたヒドロキシ化合物Ph−5の200gに変えた以外は合成例7と同様に反応し、エポキシ化合物Ep−2を192g得た。得られたエポキシ化合物Ep−5のエポキシ当量は2250g/eqであった。このエポキシ樹脂(Ep−5)をマススペクトルで測定したところ、前記構造式(A−1)中におけるm、n、p1、p2、qが、それぞれm=1、n=9、p1=0、p2=0、q=1の理論構造を有するエポキシ化合物である比較化合物3に相当するM+=841のピークが得られた。よって、当該エポキシ樹脂(Ep−5)は、前述した理論構造を有する比較化合物3を含有することが確認された。得られたエポキシ樹脂(Ep−5)は、前記構造式(A−1)においてq=0の化合物を含んでおり、GPCで確認したところ該混合物中q=0の化合物を0.9質量%の割合で含有するものであり、前記構造式(A−1)中のmの平均値は8.3であった。
合成例1で得られたヒドロキシ化合物Ph−1の200gを合成例6で得られたヒドロキシ化合物Ph−6の200gに変えた以外は合成例7と同様に反応し、エポキシ化合物Ep−6を189g得た。得られたエポキシ化合物Ep−6のエポキシ当量は2244g/eqであった。このエポキシ樹脂(Ep−6)をマススペクトルで測定したところ、前記構造式(A−1)中におけるm、n、p1、p2、qが、それぞれm=1、n=6、p1=0、p2=0、q=1の理論構造を有するエポキシ化合物である比較化合物4に相当するM+=799のピークが得られた。よって、当該エポキシ樹脂(Ep−6)は、前述した理論構造を有する比較化合物4を含有することが確認された。得られたエポキシ樹脂(Ep−6)は、前記構造式(A−1)においてq=0の化合物を含んでおり、GPCで確認したところ該混合物中q=0の化合物を0.8質量%の割合で含有するものであり、前記構造式(A−1)中のmの平均値は9.1であった。
表1および表2に従った配合で、エポキシ樹脂、硬化剤(エポキシに対し1.0当量)、硬化促進剤(エポキシに対し0.85重量部)、および充填剤(軽微性炭酸カルシウム、近江化学工業株式会社)を、混合機(株式会社シンキー製「あわとり練太郎ARV−200」)にて均一混合して、エポキシ樹脂組成物を得た。このエポキシ樹脂組成物を、シリコンチューブをスペーサーとしてアルミニウム鏡面板(株式会社エンジニアリングテストサービス製「JIS H 4000 A1050P」)にて挟み込み、170℃で30分加熱硬化を行い、厚さ0.8mmの樹脂硬化物を得た。
厚さ0.8mmの硬化物を幅5mm、長さ40mmのサイズに切り出し、これを試験片とした。この試験片を粘弾性測定装置(DMA:日立ハイテクサイエンス社製固体粘弾性測定装置「DMS7100」、変形モード:引張り、測定モード:正弦波振動、周波数1Hz、昇温速度3℃/分)を用いて、弾性率変化が最大となる(tanδ変化率が最も大きい)温度をガラス転移温度として評価した。
樹脂硬化物を打抜き刃にてダンベル形状(JIS K 7161−2−1BA)に打ち抜き、これを試験片とした。この試験片を引張試験機(株式会社島津製作所製「オートグラフAG−IS」)を用いて、JIS K 7162−2に従って行ない、測定環境23℃における破断点伸び率を評価した(試験速度:2mm/min)。
樹脂組成物を、2枚の冷間圧延鋼板(TP技研株式会社製「SPCC−SB」、1.0mm×25mm×100mm)のうち1枚に塗布し,スペーサーとしてガラスビーズ(ポッターズ・バロティーニ株式会社製「J−80」)を添加し,もう1枚のSPCC−SBを貼り合わせた(接着面積:25mm×12.5mm)。これを170℃で30分加熱硬化を行い,試験片を得た。その試験片を用いて引張りせん断試験を行うことで接着性を評価した。試験はJIS K 6850に従って行い、測定環境−40℃、23℃、80℃における最大点応力を比較した。
樹脂組成物を、2枚の冷間圧延鋼板(TP技研株式会社製「SPCC−SB」、0.5mm×25mm×200mm)のうち1枚に塗布し、スペーサーとしてガラスビーズ(ポッターズ・バロティーニ株式会社製「J−80」)を添加し、もう1枚のSPCC−SBを貼り合わせた(接着面積:25mm×150mm)。これを170℃で30分加熱硬化を行い、試験片を得た。その試験片を用いてT型剥離試験を行うことで接着性を評価した。試験はJIS K 6854−3に従って行い,測定環境−40℃、23℃、80℃における平均応力を比較した。
樹脂硬化物をウルトラミクロトームで断面を作製し、相分離構造の観察を行なった。観察方法は、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)、原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)を用いて行った。SEM観察により、硬化物中の相分離構造の有無を確認することができる。硬化物が相分離構造を有し、その構造が海島構造を形成する場合は、島部の粒径を測定した。なお、粒径の平均値については、200μm×260μmの視野の中にある島部から、50個の島部を任意に抽出して粒径を測定し、平均粒径を求めた。また、AFM観察からは、海部および島部の相対的な硬度分布を確認することができる。
使用機種:日本電子製JSM−7800F、
加速電圧:5kV
使用機種:Bruker AXS製 NANO Scope (R)IIIa
測定モード:DFM
カンチレバー:Si−DF20
測定画像の種類:形状像、位相像
エポキシ樹脂組成物の成形収縮率は、(硬化後比重―硬化前比重)÷硬化後比重×100にて算出した。硬化前、硬化後の比重はJIS K7112に従って、23℃、水中にて測定した。
E−850S:ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(DIC株式会社製、エポキシ当量188g/eq)
HM−091:ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(DIC株式会社製、エポキシ当量2340g/eq)
CaCO3:軽微性炭酸カルシウム(近江化学工業株式会社)
DICY:ジシアンジアミド(三菱ケミカル株式会社製「DICY7」)
DCMU:3−(3,4−ジクロロフェニル)−1,1−ジメチルウレア(DIC株式会社製「B−605−IM」)
比較例5および8については、樹脂が高粘度のため配合物が作成できず評価できなかった。軟化させるために加温を行った場合は、配合時に樹脂の硬化が進行してしまい、評価できなかった。
Claims (14)
- 下記式一般式(1)の構造を有しエポキシ当量が600〜8000g/eqの範囲であるエポキシ化合物Aと、エポキシ当量が100〜300g/eqの範囲であるエポキシ化合物Bとを、前記エポキシ化合物Aとエポキシ化合物Bとの比率が10:90〜90:10で含有する樹脂組成物。
(式(1)中、Arはそれぞれ独立して無置換または置換基を有する芳香環を有する構造を表し、
R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して水素原子または炭素数1または2のアルキル基を表し、
R3〜R8はそれぞれ独立して水酸基、グリシジルエーテル基およびまたは2−メチルグリシジルエーテル基を表し、かつ、R3〜R8のうち少なくとも1つはグリシジルエーテル基または2−メチルグリシジルエーテル基であって、
R9〜R12はそれぞれ独立して水素原子またはメチル基を表し,
nは11〜16の整数であって、
m及びp1及びp2及びqは繰り返しの平均値であり
mは0.5〜25であって、
p1及びp2はそれぞれ独立して0〜5であって、
qが0.5〜5を表す
(但し、繰り返し単位中に存在する各繰り返し単位はそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていても構わない)。) - 前記一般式(1)中のnが12〜15であり、mが1.0〜10であり、p 1 及びp 2 はそれぞれ独立して0.5〜3.0であり、qが0.6〜3.0である請求項1に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 式(1)中、R3及びR4がグリシジルエーテル基である、請求項1または2に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 式(1)中、Arがさらにグリシジルエーテル基およびまたは2−メチルグリシジルエーテル基を有するものである、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の樹脂組成物。
- 更に、硬化剤を含有する、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の樹脂組成物。
- 接着剤である、請求項6に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の樹脂組成物を硬化してなる硬化物。
- 平均粒子径が10nm〜100μmである樹脂粒子と、マトリクス樹脂とを含有する硬化物であって、
樹脂粒子が前記一般式(1)の構造を有しエポキシ当量が600〜8000g/eqの範囲であるエポキシ化合物Aの硬化物であって、マトリクス樹脂がエポキシ当量が100〜300g/eqの範囲であるエポキシ化合物Bの硬化物であり、前記エポキシ化合物Aとエポキシ化合物Bとの比率が10:90〜90:10であることを特徴とする、硬化物。 - 平均粒子径が10nm〜100μmである樹脂粒子と、マトリクス樹脂とを含有する硬化物であって、
樹脂粒子がエポキシ当量が100〜300g/eqの範囲であるエポキシ化合物Bの硬化物であって、マトリクス樹脂が前記一般式(1)の構造を有しエポキシ当量が600〜8000g/eqの範囲であるエポキシ化合物Aの硬化物であり、前記エポキシ化合物Aとエポキシ化合物Bとの比率が10:90〜90:10であることを特徴とする、硬化物。 - 基材と請求項8から10のいずれかに記載の硬化物層とを有することを特徴とする積層体。
- 基材が金属または金属酸化物である、請求項11に記載の積層体。
- 基材と請求項8から10のいずれかに記載の硬化物層と第2基材とがこの順に積層してなる積層体であって、基材が金属または金属酸化物であって、第2基材がプラスチック層である、請求項12に記載の積層体。
- 請求項11から13のいずれかに記載の積層体を含有することを特徴とする電子部材。
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JP2017105898A (ja) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-15 | Dic株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂、エポキシ樹脂の製造方法、硬化性樹脂組成物及びその硬化物 |
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JP6924000B2 (ja) * | 2016-05-20 | 2021-08-25 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂組成物及びその硬化物 |
WO2019123941A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-27 | Dic株式会社 | エポキシ化合物、組成物、硬化物及び積層体 |
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