JP6878853B2 - 半導体素子を作製する方法 - Google Patents
半導体素子を作製する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 197
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 110
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910000980 Aluminium gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 206010058009 Subacute myelo-opticoneuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101100229953 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) SCT1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100194362 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) res1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000033772 system development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004541 SiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
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Description
第1基板生産物SP1の例示、Al(x)Ga(1−x)As, 0≦x≦1、xはAlの含有率を閉めす。Xが周期的に変化する半導体多層膜。
基板11:4インチサイズのn型GaAsウエハ。
第1半導体積層13a。
下部分布ブラッグ反射器のための第1積層体:シリコン添加のn型超格子、具体的には、AlGaAs(Al組成=0.12)/AlGaAs(Al組成=0.90)、35ペア。
コンタクト層のための半導体層13d;n型GaAs層、(厚さ:150nm〜500nm)。
活性層のための半導体領域13b。
下部スペーサ層13f:Siドープn型AlGaAs(Al組成=0.30)。
活性層の量子井戸構造13g:GaAs/AlGaAs、3QWs。
上部スペーサ層13h:アンドープAlGaAs(Al組成=0.30)及びZnドープp型AlGaAs(Al組成=0.90)。
電流狭窄層のためのAl含有半導体層13e:AlGaAs(Al組成=0.98)。
光反射のための第2半導体積層13c:亜鉛添加のp型超格子、具体的には、AlGaAs(Al組成=0.12)/AlGaAs(Al組成=0.90)、23ペア。
上部コンタクト層のための半導体層13d:Znドープp型GaAs。
エピタキシャル領域EPは、コンタクト層のために設けられ150〜500ナノメートル厚の半導体膜、コンタクト層のための半導体膜より上側に設けられる例えば4.5〜5マイクロメートル厚の上側半導体領域、及びコンタクト層のための半導体膜より下側に設けられる例えば2〜3マイクロメートル厚の下側半導体領域を備える。
素子アレイ部15aは、素子区画の二次元アレイを含む。
パターンの例示。
第2パターン15abの開口内に第1パターン15aaが配置される。第2パターン15abの縁と第1パターン15aaの縁との間にストライプ状の開口が形成されるように、第1パターン15aa及び第2パターン15abが配置される。
第1パターン15aaの縁:円形、直径:25マイクロメートル。
開口15acの幅:動径方向に15マイクロメートル。
第2パターン15abの縁:円形の開口、直径:55マイクロメートル。
n型コンタクト層を含む下層分布ブラッグ反射器、活性層、電流狭窄用のAlGaAs層(Al組成x=0.98)、及び上部分布ブラッグ反射層の結晶を絶縁性又はn型のGaAs基板上に有機金属気相成長法により成長して、エピタキシャル基板を形成する。有機金属気相成長法に替えて、分子線エピタキシー成長法を用いてもよい。フォトリソグラフィによりメサ形成用のマスクをエピタキシャル基板上に形成する。マスクは、フォトレジスト、又はシリコン形成無機絶縁体、具体的にはSiO2、SiNの薄膜を備えることができる。エピタキシャル基板上にマスクを形成した後に、誘電結合プラズマ反応性イオンエッチング(図5に示されるICP−RIE)装置を用いてエピタキシャル基板のドライエッチングを行う。
エッチングガス:BCl3単体、又は、BCl3及びCl2の混合ガス。
エッチングガスの総流量:100sccm、摂氏25度の標準状態における流量)。
BCl3/Ar=30sccm/70sccm、又はBCl3/Cl2/Ar=20/10/70sccm。
ICPパワー:50〜1000W。
BIASパワー:50〜500W。
基板温度:摂氏25度以下。
下部分布ブラッグ反射層及び上部分布ブラッグ反射層の各々が、Al(x)Ga(1−x)As(0≦x<1)/Al(y)Ga(1−y)As(0≦x<y≦1)超格子層の超格子を含む。下側のDBRは、超格子内にコンタクト層を含む。コンタクト層は、例えばn型GaAs層、0≦x≦0.3のAl含有率をもつAl(x)Ga(1−x)であることができ、コンタクト層のための半導体層のエピ厚は50nm〜500nmの範囲にある。エピタキシャル基板をエッチングにより加工して、半導体ポストを含む半導体生産物を形成する。具体的には、下側のDBR内のコンタクト層に到達するようにエピタキシャル基板のエッチングを行って、半導体メサの周囲にコンタクト層の表明を露出させる。このための終点検出により、半導体メサの周囲に残されたコンタクト層の厚さ(残膜の厚さ)は、40〜490nmの範囲にある。
下部分布ブラッグ反射器の具体例。
活性層側部分の周期構造。
Al(x)Ga(1−x)As、厚さ38.0nm、x=0.15。
Al(x)Ga(1−x)As、厚さ25.0nm、x= 0.50。
Al(x)Ga(1−x)As、厚さ45.0nm、x= 0.90。
Al(x)Ga(1−x)As、厚さ25.0nm、x= 0.50。
コンタクト層。
Al(x)Ga(1−x)As、厚さ500.0nm、x=0.10。
基板側部分の周期構造。
Al(x)Ga(1−x)As、厚さ38.0nm、x=0.15。
Al(x)Ga(1−x)As、厚さ25.0nm、x=0.50。
Al(x)Ga(1−x)As、厚さ5.0nm、x=0.90。
Al(x)Ga(1−x)As、厚さ35.0nm、x=0.90。
Al(x)Ga(1−x)As、厚さ5.0nm、x=0.90。
Al(x)Ga(1−x)As、厚さ25.0nm、x=0.50。
Claims (7)
- 半導体素子を作製する方法であって、
基板と、該基板上に設けられた第1半導体積層とを含む基板生産物を準備する工程と、
前記第1半導体積層を除去する工程と、
を備え、
前記第1半導体積層を除去する工程は、
前記第1半導体積層のエッチング中に前記基板生産物の光学的モニターを行って、モニター信号を生成し、
前記モニター信号のフーリエ変換を行って演算結果を生成し、
前記演算結果に基づき、前記エッチングの終点検出を判定し、
前記光学的モニターは、前記基板生産物に光を照射し、前記基板生産物からの反射光を取得することによって行われ、
前記第1半導体積層は、複数の半導体層の交互配置を含む第1部分、コンタクト層、及び複数の半導体層の交互配置を含む第2部分を含み、
前記コンタクト層は、前記基板と前記第2部分との間に設けられ、
前記エッチングは、前記コンタクト層において停止される、半導体素子を作製する方法。 - 前記反射光は、エッチングされている前記基板生産物の表面による反射光と、前記基板生産物内の境界による反射光との干渉成分を含む、請求項1に記載された半導体素子を作製する方法。
- 前記基板生産物に照射される光が白色光である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載された半導体素子を作製する方法。
- 前記第1半導体積層を除去する前に、前記基板生産物上にマスクを形成する工程を更に備える、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載された半導体素子を作製する方法。
- 前記基板生産物は、素子エリア及びアクセサリエリアを含み、
当該エッチングにおいて、前記アクセサリエリアにおけるエッチングレートは、前記素子エリアにおけるエッチングレートより大きく、
前記光学的モニターにおけるモニター光は、前記アクセサリエリアから取得される成分を含む、請求項4に記載された半導体素子を作製する方法。 - 前記基板生産物は、発光素子のための活性層を含み、
前記第1半導体積層は、前記基板と前記活性層との間に設けられる、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載された半導体素子を作製する方法。 - 前記基板生産物は、前記基板上に設けられた第2半導体積層を含み、
前記活性層は、前記第1半導体積層と前記第2半導体積層との間に設けられ、
前記第1半導体積層及び前記第2半導体積層の各々は、分布ブラッグ反射器を可能にする周期構造を含む、請求項6に記載された半導体素子を作製する方法。
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