JP6873135B2 - 不飽和ポリマーのエポキシ化方法 - Google Patents
不飽和ポリマーのエポキシ化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6873135B2 JP6873135B2 JP2018531385A JP2018531385A JP6873135B2 JP 6873135 B2 JP6873135 B2 JP 6873135B2 JP 2018531385 A JP2018531385 A JP 2018531385A JP 2018531385 A JP2018531385 A JP 2018531385A JP 6873135 B2 JP6873135 B2 JP 6873135B2
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- Prior art keywords
- mixed
- peroxy acid
- unsaturated polymer
- polymer
- unsaturated
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 52
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005555 halobutyl Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 claims 1
- -1 alkyl epoxide Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 15
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920005557 bromobutyl Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920005556 chlorobutyl Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PFEOZHBOMNWTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane Chemical compound CCC(C)CC PFEOZHBOMNWTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)Cl UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CMAOLVNGLTWICC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-5-methylbenzonitrile Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(F)C(C#N)=C1 CMAOLVNGLTWICC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- MGDOJPNDRJNJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylaluminum Chemical compound [Al].C[CH2] MGDOJPNDRJNJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- LULAYUGMBFYYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N metachloroperbenzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 LULAYUGMBFYYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004967 organic peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trichloro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXOWYJMDMMMMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)C CXOWYJMDMMMMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)C ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical class [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC=CC(C)=C RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZEZONWRBFJJMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-allyl-2-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]benzaldehyde Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC1=C(CC=C)C=CC=C1C=O VZEZONWRBFJJMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006169 Perfluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006887 Ullmann reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC=CC=C1 MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JJSGABFIILQOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylalumanylium;bromide Chemical compound CC[Al](Br)CC JJSGABFIILQOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920005558 epichlorohydrin rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JFICPAADTOQAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dibromide Chemical compound CC[Al](Br)Br JFICPAADTOQAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920005560 fluorosilicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NFWSQSCIDYBUOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentadiene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC1 NFWSQSCIDYBUOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentane Chemical compound CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- APPOKADJQUIAHP-GGWOSOGESA-N (2e,4e)-hexa-2,4-diene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\C APPOKADJQUIAHP-GGWOSOGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOGRNZQRTNVZCZ-AATRIKPKSA-N (3e)-3-methylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C=C BOGRNZQRTNVZCZ-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical group C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOGRNZQRTNVZCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-butadiene Natural products CC=C(C)C=C BOGRNZQRTNVZCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLSUFZZPRVNDIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CCC1 JLSUFZZPRVNDIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYPISWUKQGWYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroethaneperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C(F)(F)F XYPISWUKQGWYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZPCYXCBXGQBRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-Dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene Chemical compound CC(C)=CC=C(C)C DZPCYXCBXGQBRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)=C MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNUNYHQZMMREQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhepta-1,6-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)CCCC=C XNUNYHQZMMREQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLQMKNPIYMOEGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexa-1,5-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)CCC=C SLQMKNPIYMOEGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRWYRROCDFQZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpenta-1,4-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)CC=C DRWYRROCDFQZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFJUOMJGSXRJJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)=C.CC(C)=C GFJUOMJGSXRJJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C=C YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQYKIROTAGYYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-3-methylidenehex-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(=C)C=C AQYKIROTAGYYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006172 Tetrafluoroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NZIXICKPQWIFAU-UHFFFAOYSA-K bromo(dimethyl)alumane;dibromo(methyl)alumane Chemical compound C[Al](C)Br.C[Al](Br)Br NZIXICKPQWIFAU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQHRHLXGCZWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-L butylaluminum(2+);dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].CCCC[Al+2] QQHRHLXGCZWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SHOVVTSKTTYFGP-UHFFFAOYSA-L butylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CCCC[Al](Cl)Cl SHOVVTSKTTYFGP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZXMVILOKSUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-K chloro(dimethyl)alumane;dichloro(methyl)alumane Chemical compound C[Al](C)Cl.C[Al](Cl)Cl HYZXMVILOKSUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920003211 cis-1,4-polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VJRUISVXILMZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M dibutylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound CCCC[Al](Cl)CCCC VJRUISVXILMZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VTZJFPSWNQFPCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylaluminum Chemical compound CCCC[Al]CCCC VTZJFPSWNQFPCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQYBWJYIKCZXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylaluminum Chemical compound CC[Al]CC CQYBWJYIKCZXCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGMHEOLLTWPGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;bromide Chemical compound C[Al](C)Br ZGMHEOLLTWPGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound C[Al](C)Cl JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMGNNMBUQUKCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-[(4-azidophenyl)disulfanyl]butanimidate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CCOC(=N)CCCSSC1=CC=C(N=[N+]=[N-])C=C1 PMGNNMBUQUKCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical class O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004968 halobutyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002681 hypalon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical class C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- USSBDBZGEDUBHE-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;2-oxidooxycarbonylbenzoate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O USSBDBZGEDUBHE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XBKBZMOLSULOEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L methylaluminum(2+);dibromide Chemical compound C[Al](Br)Br XBKBZMOLSULOEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YSTQWZZQKCCBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L methylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound C[Al](Cl)Cl YSTQWZZQKCCBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UUEVFMOUBSLVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[4-(oxoazaniumylmethylidene)pyridin-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]pyridin-4-ylidene]methyl]azanium;dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].C1=CC(=C[NH+]=O)C=CN1CCOCCOCCN1C=CC(=C[NH+]=O)C=C1 UUEVFMOUBSLVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005559 polyacrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003558 thiocarbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229920003212 trans-1,4-polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
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Description
不飽和ポリマーのエポキシ化方法であって、不飽和ポリマーとペルオキシ酸(peroxy acid)とを溶媒の不存在下で混合してエポキシ化されたポリマーを製造する工程を含む方法が提供される。
本発明によれば、不飽和ポリマーのエポキシ化は、不飽和ポリマーとペルオキシ酸を溶媒の不存在下で混合してエポキシ化されたポリマー(エポキシ化ポリマーとも記す)を生成する工程を含む。得られるエポキシ化ポリマーは、少なくとも部分的にエポキシ化される。最大100%までの変換効率(エポキシ化の効率)が達成可能である。約50〜100%、さらには約60〜100%、さらには約75〜100%、さらには約85〜100%、さらには約90〜100%の変換効率を達成することができ、変換効率はペルオキシ酸の純度だけに左右される。このような変換効率は、触媒が存在しなくても達成可能である。好ましくは、この方法は、触媒の不存在下で実施することができる。
不飽和ポリマーは、好ましくは周囲温度(室温)又はそれより高い温度でペルオキシ酸と混合される。周囲温度は、外部からの加熱がない場合に不飽和ポリマーがペルオキシ酸と混合される温度である。混合プロセス自体が熱をもたらし、それがポリマーを軟化させることによって混合プロセスを助ける。ポリマー分解の可能性を低減するために、不飽和ポリマーをペルオキシ酸と約95℃以下、より好ましくは約75℃以下、より好ましくは約65℃以下、より好ましくは約50℃以下の温度で混合することが好ましい。混合の行為は、周囲温度を約30℃またはそれ以上に上昇させることができるが、いくつかの実施形態では、より多くの熱を加えて温度をさらに高くすることが望ましい場合がある。いくつかの実施形態において、不飽和ポリマーは、周囲温度から約95℃の範囲、周囲温度から約75℃の範囲、または周囲温度から約50℃の範囲の温度でペルオキシ酸と混合することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、不飽和ポリマーは、約20℃〜約95℃の範囲、又は約30℃〜約50℃の範囲の温度でペルオキシ酸と混合することができる。一つの好ましい態様では、不飽和ポリマーがペルオキシ酸と混合される温度は、外部からの加熱のない周囲温度(ambient temperature)である。
ペルオキシ酸は、好ましくは有機ペルオキシ酸を含む。ペルオキシ酸のいくつかの例には、ペルオキシ安息香酸、ペルオキシ安息香酸の類似体、ペルオキシ酢酸、ペルオキシ安息香酸、トリフルオロペルオキシ酢酸、モノペルオキシフタル酸マグネシウム、又はそれらの混合物が含まれる。式(I)または(II)の化合物である有機ペルオキシ酸が好ましい:
不飽和ポリマーは、好ましくは不飽和エラストマーを含む。不飽和ポリマーには、例えば、不飽和イソオレフィンコポリマー(例えば、ブチルゴム(IIR))、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)、ポリブタジエンゴム(BR)、天然ポリイソプレン(例えば、シス-1,4-ポリイソプレン(NR)又はトランス-1,4-ポリイソプレン(グッタペルカ))、合成ポリイソプレン(IR)、ブタジエン−アクリロニトリルコポリマー(ニトリルゴム(NR))、水素化ニトリルゴム(HNBR)、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエン単量体(EPDM)コポリマー、それらのハロゲン化ポリマー、又はそれらの混合物が含まれる。ハロゲン化不飽和ポリマーのいくつかの例には、クロロプレンゴム(CR)、クロロブチルゴム(CIIR)、ブロモブチルゴム(BIIR)、又はそれらの混合物が含まれる。非ハロゲン化不飽和ポリマーが特に好ましい。
エポキシ化ポリマーは、種々の補助製品と配合(コンパウンド)され、物品に成形されることができ、得られたコンパウンドは硬化することができる。ポリマー(例えば、ゴム)の補助製品には、例えば、反応促進剤、加硫促進剤、加硫促進助剤、酸化防止剤、発泡剤、老化防止剤、熱安定剤、光安定剤、オゾン安定剤、加工助剤、可塑剤、粘着性付与剤、発泡剤、染料、顔料、ワックス、増量剤、有機酸、阻害剤、金属酸化物、及び活性化剤、例えばトリエタノールアミン、ポリエチレングリコール、ヘキサントリオールなどが含まれるが、これらはゴム工業にとって公知である。ゴム助剤は、とりわけ、意図された用途に応じた通常の量で使用される。加硫についてのさらなる情報は、Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol. 17, s. 666以下(加硫)において得ることができる。
この方法によって製造されたエポキシ化ポリマーは、任意の適切な方法、例えば、硫黄系硬化剤、過酸化物系硬化剤、ZnO硬化剤、樹脂硬化系、又はUV光によってさらに硬化されてもよい。典型的な硫黄系硬化系は、(i)金属酸化物、(ii)元素硫黄、及び(iii)少なくとも1種の硫黄系促進剤を含む。硬化系中の成分としての金属酸化物の使用は、当技術分野において周知である。適切な金属酸化物は酸化亜鉛であり、これは典型的には組成物中のポリマー100質量部当たり約1〜約10質量部、好ましくは約2〜約5重量部の量で使用される。好ましい硬化系の成分(ii)に含まれる元素硫黄は、典型的には組成物中のポリマー100質量部当たり約0.2〜約10質量部の量で用いられる。好適な硫黄系促進剤(好ましい硬化系の成分(iii))は、典型的には、組成物中のポリマー100質量部当たり約0.5〜約3質量部の量で用いられる。有用な硫黄系促進剤の非限定的な例は、チウラムスルフィド類、例えば、テトラメチルチウラムジスルフィド(TMTD)、チオカルバメート類、例えば、亜鉛ジメチルジチオカルバメート(ZDC)、及びチアジル及びベンゾチアジル化合物、例えば、メルカプトベンゾチアジルジスルフィド(MBTS)から選択することができる。好ましくは、硫黄系促進剤はメルカプトベンゾチアジルジスルフィドである。樹脂硬化系のいくつかの実施形態では、樹脂硬化系は、ハロゲン化フェノールホルムアルデヒド樹脂又はフェノールホルムアルデヒド樹脂を、任意選択により場合によっては活性化剤と組み合わせて含むことができる。ハロゲン化フェノールホルムアルデヒド樹脂及びフェノールホルムアルデヒド樹脂は、米国特許第2,701,895号明細書、同第3,093,613号明細書、及び同第3,165,496号明細書に記載されているように当技術分野において公知であり、これらは参照により本明細書に援用する。アルキルフェノール−ホルムアルデヒド誘導体、例えば、メチロール活性基を有するオクチルフェノール−ホルムアルデヒドが典型的である。金属酸化物、例えば、酸化亜鉛、及び/又はその他の硬化もしくは加工助剤(例えばステアリン酸)を、樹脂硬化系において用いることもできる。金属酸化物は、組成物中のポリマー100質量部当たり約1〜約10質量部の量で使用することができる。樹脂は、約0.2〜約20phrの量で使用することができる。その他の硬化助剤又は加工助剤を約0.2〜約10phrの量で使用することができる。
予熱したミル(30℃又は50℃)にブチルゴムを入れた。エラストマーが帯状になったら、m-クロロペルオキシ安息香酸(MCPBA,<77%純度,Sigma Aldrich社から購入した)を粉末としてゆっくりと添加した。その材料を6×3/4カット及び6×エンドワイズパス(6x3/4 cuts, 6x end-wise pass)によってリファインした。その良く分散された材料を、表1に特定した追加時間、ミルにかけた。その材料を次にミルから取り出し、1H NMRによってエポキシモル%を測定した。RB301、RB40、及びRB402は、通常のブチルゴムである。BB2030及びBB4010はブロモブチルゴムである。CB1240はクロロブチルゴムである。
予熱したミル(30℃又は50℃)にゴムを入れた。エラストマーが帯状になったら、m-クロロペルオキシ安息香酸(MCPBA,<77%純度,Sigma Aldrich社から購入した)を、ポリイソブチレンマスターバッチ(約800kg/モルのMvを有する100gのPIB中に分散された20gのMCPBA)として、ゆっくりと添加した。その材料を6×3/4カット及び6×エンドワイズパスによってリファインした。その良く分散された材料を、表1に特定した追加時間、ミルにかけた。その材料を次にミルから取り出し、1H NMRによってエポキシモル%を測定した。BR CB24はブタジエンゴムであり、SBR Buna SL 4525-0はスチレン-ブタジエンゴムである。
Claims (26)
- 不飽和ポリマーとペルオキシ酸を溶媒の非存在下で混合してエポキシ化されたポリマーを製造する工程を含み、前記ペルオキシ酸が、飽和ポリマーを含むマトリックス上に担持されている、不飽和ポリマーのエポキシ化方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、触媒の非存在下で前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ペルオキシ酸が、式(II)(式中、R 6 はメチルである)の化合物を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記飽和ポリマーがポリイソブチレンを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、周囲温度〜95℃の範囲の温度において、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、周囲温度〜75℃の範囲の温度において、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、周囲温度〜50℃の範囲の範囲の温度において、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、外部からの加熱なしに周囲温度において、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、1時間未満の間、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、0.5時間未満の間、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、10分間以下の間、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが不飽和エラストマーを含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、不飽和イソオレフィンコポリマー、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム、ポリブタジエンゴム、天然ポリイソプレン、合成ポリイソプレン、ブタジエン−アクリロニトリルコポリマー、エチレンプロピレンジエンモノマー(EPDM)のコポリマー、それらのハロゲン化ポリマー、又はそれらの混合物を含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 固体の不飽和ポリマーとペルオキシ酸を溶媒の非存在下で混合してエポキシ化されたポリマーを製造する工程を含み、前記不飽和ポリマーが、少なくとも1種のイソオレフィンモノマーから誘導された繰り返し単位及び少なくとも1種のマルチオレフィンモノマーから誘導された繰り返し単位を含むコポリマーを含む、不飽和ポリマーのエポキシ化方法。
- 前記コポリマーが非ハロゲン化ブチルゴム又はハロゲン化ブチルゴムである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記イソオレフィンモノマーがイソブテンを含む、請求項16又は17に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種のマルチオレフィンモノマーがイソプレンを含む、請求項16〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、周囲温度〜95℃の範囲の温度において、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項16〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、周囲温度〜75℃の範囲の温度において、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項16〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、周囲温度〜50℃の範囲の範囲の温度において、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項16〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、外部からの加熱なしに周囲温度において、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項16〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、1時間未満の間、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項16〜23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、0.5時間未満の間、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項16〜23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記不飽和ポリマーが、10分間以下の間、前記ペルオキシ酸と混合される、請求項16〜23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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