CN113461840A - 用于使不饱和聚合物环氧化的方法 - Google Patents
用于使不饱和聚合物环氧化的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113461840A CN113461840A CN202110825916.0A CN202110825916A CN113461840A CN 113461840 A CN113461840 A CN 113461840A CN 202110825916 A CN202110825916 A CN 202110825916A CN 113461840 A CN113461840 A CN 113461840A
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- Prior art keywords
- peroxyacid
- polymer
- unsaturated polymer
- unsaturated
- rubber
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005555 halobutyl Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 26
- -1 alkyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 20
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CMAOLVNGLTWICC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-5-methylbenzonitrile Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(F)C(C#N)=C1 CMAOLVNGLTWICC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920005557 bromobutyl Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920005556 chlorobutyl Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PFEOZHBOMNWTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane Chemical compound CCC(C)CC PFEOZHBOMNWTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)Cl UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SSC=3SC4=CC=CC=C4N=3)=NC2=C1 AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004967 organic peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trichloro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXOWYJMDMMMMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)C CXOWYJMDMMMMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)C ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical class [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC=CC(C)=C RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006169 Perfluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC=CC=C1 MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JJSGABFIILQOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylalumanylium;bromide Chemical compound CC[Al](Br)CC JJSGABFIILQOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920005558 epichlorohydrin rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MGDOJPNDRJNJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylaluminum Chemical compound [Al].C[CH2] MGDOJPNDRJNJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JFICPAADTOQAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dibromide Chemical compound CC[Al](Br)Br JFICPAADTOQAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- NFWSQSCIDYBUOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentadiene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC1 NFWSQSCIDYBUOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentane Chemical compound CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GQIJYUMTOUBHSH-IJIVKGSJSA-N piperyline Chemical compound C=1C=C2OCOC2=CC=1/C=C/C=C/C(=O)N1CCCC1 GQIJYUMTOUBHSH-IJIVKGSJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229950009390 symclosene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- APPOKADJQUIAHP-GGWOSOGESA-N (2e,4e)-hexa-2,4-diene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\C APPOKADJQUIAHP-GGWOSOGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOGRNZQRTNVZCZ-AATRIKPKSA-N (3e)-3-methylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C=C BOGRNZQRTNVZCZ-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOGRNZQRTNVZCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-butadiene Natural products CC=C(C)C=C BOGRNZQRTNVZCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLSUFZZPRVNDIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CCC1 JLSUFZZPRVNDIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYPISWUKQGWYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroethaneperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C(F)(F)F XYPISWUKQGWYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZPCYXCBXGQBRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-Dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene Chemical compound CC(C)=CC=C(C)C DZPCYXCBXGQBRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)=C MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNUNYHQZMMREQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhepta-1,6-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)CCCC=C XNUNYHQZMMREQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLQMKNPIYMOEGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexa-1,5-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)CCC=C SLQMKNPIYMOEGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloxaluminane Chemical compound C[Al]1CCCCO1 AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRWYRROCDFQZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpenta-1,4-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)CC=C DRWYRROCDFQZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZEZONWRBFJJMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-allyl-2-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]benzaldehyde Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC1=C(CC=C)C=CC=C1C=O VZEZONWRBFJJMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C=C YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQYKIROTAGYYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-3-methylidenehex-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(=C)C=C AQYKIROTAGYYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000899 Gutta-Percha Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000342 Palaquium gutta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006172 Tetrafluoroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006887 Ullmann reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- DKRDVQXZJNVXDP-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromo(dibutyl)alumane Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[Al+]CCCC DKRDVQXZJNVXDP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NZIXICKPQWIFAU-UHFFFAOYSA-K bromo(dimethyl)alumane;dibromo(methyl)alumane Chemical compound C[Al](C)Br.C[Al](Br)Br NZIXICKPQWIFAU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQHRHLXGCZWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-L butylaluminum(2+);dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].CCCC[Al+2] QQHRHLXGCZWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SHOVVTSKTTYFGP-UHFFFAOYSA-L butylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CCCC[Al](Cl)Cl SHOVVTSKTTYFGP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZXMVILOKSUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-K chloro(dimethyl)alumane;dichloro(methyl)alumane Chemical compound C[Al](C)Cl.C[Al](Cl)Cl HYZXMVILOKSUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- VRLDVERQJMEPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dbdmh Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Br)C(=O)N(Br)C1=O VRLDVERQJMEPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VJRUISVXILMZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M dibutylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound CCCC[Al](Cl)CCCC VJRUISVXILMZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZGMHEOLLTWPGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;bromide Chemical compound C[Al](C)Br ZGMHEOLLTWPGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound C[Al](C)Cl JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMGNNMBUQUKCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-[(4-azidophenyl)disulfanyl]butanimidate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CCOC(=N)CCCSSC1=CC=C(N=[N+]=[N-])C=C1 PMGNNMBUQUKCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical class O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000588 gutta-percha Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004968 halobutyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZMQHOJDDMFGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1,1-triol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)(O)O TZMQHOJDDMFGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920002681 hypalon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于使不饱和聚合物环氧化的方法,包括在不存在溶剂的情况下混合不饱和聚合物与过氧酸以产生环氧化的聚合物。该方法可以不需要溶剂,不需要催化剂,不需要或需要很少施加的外部热量输入,不需要施加冷却,需要较少的环氧化剂,更快速和/或导致更有效的不饱和聚合物的转化。
Description
本申请是申请日为2016年12月14日、发明名称为“用于使不饱和聚合物环氧化的方法”的中国专利申请号201680076954.8的分案申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及用于不饱和聚合物的环氧化的方法,特别是不饱和弹性体,具体地不饱和异烯烃共聚物,例如丁基橡胶。
背景技术
环氧基团是赋予不饱和聚合物特别是不饱和弹性体极性的有效方式。环氧化弹性体的制造通常需要长的反应时间、使用过量的起始材料、使用溶剂、使用催化剂和/或随后在包装之前通过碱性介质精加工,导致生产成本较高。因此,只有环氧化的天然橡胶是可商购的。
美国专利公开US 2014/357794描述了一种官能化弹性体的方法,其第一步是环氧化。其中,US 2014/357794描述了一种典型的环氧化方法,其中在催化剂存在下,在降低的温度(0℃)下在溶液中使用间氯过氧苯甲酸(mCPBA)将弹性体处理6小时。
美国专利公开US 2007/0276062描述了用于生产环氧化弹性体聚合物的方法,其中在水存在下,将至少一种含有烯属不饱和度的弹性体聚合物与至少一种过氧化氢前体和至少一种羧酸或其衍生物混合。
中国专利公开CN1290709描述了一种用于含有双键的弹性体的催化环氧化反应方法,其通过在存在催化剂(即过渡金属络合物)而无溶剂的情况下,使烷基过氧化氢和弹性体反应。该方法特别排除了过酸环氧化体系。
聚(异丁烯-共-异戊二烯)或IIR是一种通常称为丁基橡胶的合成弹性体,其自1940年代以来,通过异丁烯与少量异戊二烯(1-5摩尔%)的无规阳离子共聚来制备。由于其分子结构,IIR具有优异的不透空气性、高损耗模量、氧化稳定性和延长的抗疲劳性。
丁基橡胶应理解为是异烯烃和一种或多种作为共聚单体的优选共轭的多烯烃的共聚物。市售丁基橡胶包含大部分的异烯烃和少量,通常不超过2.5mol%的共轭多烯烃。丁基橡胶或共聚物通常以淤浆法制备,其使用甲基氯作为稀释剂并且使用Friedel-Crafts催化剂作为聚合引发剂的一部分。在美国专利号2,356,128和Ullmanns Encyclopedia ofIndustrial Chemistry,卷A 23,1993,第288-295页中进一步描述了该方法,其全部内容通过引证并入本文。
仍然期望快速、高效且经济的用于将不饱和聚合物特别是丁基橡胶环氧化的方法。
发明内容
提供了用于不饱和聚合物的环氧化的方法,包括在不存在溶剂的情况下混合不饱和聚合物与过氧酸以制备环氧化的聚合物。
该方法可以具有一个或多个优点,包括不需要溶剂,不需要催化剂,不需要或需要很少外部热量输入,不需要施加冷却,需要较少的环氧化剂,更快速,和/或导致聚合物更有效的转化。
在下面的详细描述的过程中,将描述其他特征或者其他特征将变得显而易见。应该理解的是,可以将本文描述的每个特征与任何一个或多个其他描述的特征以任意组合使用,并且除了对本领域技术人员显而易见之外,每个特征不一定依赖于另一特征的存在。
具体实施方式
根据本发明,不饱和聚合物的环氧化包括在不存在溶剂的情况下混合不饱和聚合物与过氧酸以生产环氧化的聚合物。所得到的环氧化的聚合物至少部分被环氧化。可以实现高达100%的转化效率(环氧化效率)。可以实现约50-100%或甚至约60-100%或甚至约75-100%或甚至约85-100%或甚至约90-100%范围内的转化效率,并且仅取决于过氧酸的纯度。即使在没有催化剂的情况下也可以实现这种转化效率。优选地,该方法可以在不存在催化剂的情况下进行。
混合参数:
优选在环境温度或高于环境温度的温度下将不饱和聚合物与过氧酸混合。环境温度是在没有外部施加的热的存在下将不饱和聚合物与过氧酸混合的温度。混合过程本身提供热量,其通过软化聚合物来辅助混合过程。为了降低聚合物降解的可能性,优选在不大于约95℃,更优选不大于约75℃,更优选不大于约65℃且更优选不大于约50℃的温度下将不饱和聚合物与过氧酸混合。尽管混合的动作可能会将环境温度升高到约30℃或甚至更高,但在一些实施方式中,可能期望的是施加更多的热量来将温度提高到甚至更高。在一些实施方式中,可以在环境温度至约95℃范围内、在环境温度至约75℃范围内或在环境温度至约50℃范围内的温度下,将不饱和聚合物可以与过氧酸混合。在一些实施方式中,可以在约20℃至约95℃范围内或在约30℃至约50℃范围内的温度下将不饱和聚合物可以与过氧酸混合。在一个优选的实施方式中,将不饱和聚合物与过氧酸混合的温度为没有外部施加的热的存在下的环境温度。
不饱和聚合物与过氧酸混合的时间长度优选小于约4小时,更优选小于约1小时,更加优选小于约0.5小时。在一个实施方式中,时间长度可以为约10分钟或更短。在另一实施方式中,时间长度可以为约5分钟或更短。在一些实施方式中,时间长度可以为30秒或更长,或1分钟或更长,或2分钟或更长。
在不存在溶剂的情况下例如通过干混混合不饱和聚合物与过氧酸。不饱和聚合物处于固态;然而,不饱和聚合物通常是在混合机中充分可加工的,以允许不饱和聚合物与过氧酸混合。过氧酸可以是固体或液体。固态的过氧酸是优选的。可以使用本领域中的任何合适的混合机来完成不饱和聚合物与过氧酸的混合。用于聚合物和聚合物添加剂的混合机的一些实例包括研磨机(例如辊磨机、球磨机)、叶片式混合机、密闭式混合机(例如BanburyTM和BrabenderTM混合机)、挤出机(双螺杆、单螺杆)等。研磨机是特别优选的。考虑到有效的混合器容量以及使用的不饱和聚合物和过氧酸的量,可以控制混合时的时间、温度和剪切以优化转化效率。
过氧酸:
过氧酸优选包含有机过氧酸。过氧酸的一些实例包括过氧苯甲酸、过氧苯甲酸的类似物、过氧乙酸、过氧苯甲酸、三氟过氧乙酸、单过氧邻苯二甲酸镁或它们的混合物。式(I)或(II)化合物的有机过氧酸是优选的:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5独立地为氢、甲基、乙基、苯基、氯基或溴基,并且R6是氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基或己基。优选地,有机过氧酸是式(I)的化合物。优选地,R1、R2、R3、R4和R5中的一个是氯基。优选地,R1、R2、R3、R4和R5中的四个是氢。过氧酸优选包含间氯过氧苯甲酸(mCPBA)或过氧乙酸。
过氧酸可以以比现有技术中其它固态环氧化方法中的少得多的量使用。过氧酸优选以约5mol%或更少的不饱和度当量,甚至为约3mol%或更少的不饱和度当量的量使用,同时具有将不饱和聚合物转化为环氧化的聚合物的高转化效率。在一些实施方式中,过氧酸的适合的量为0.1-5mol%或0.4-4mol%或0.7-3mol%的不饱和度当量。
为了增强对环氧化反应的快速动力学的控制,优选的是母料方法混合。在该方法中,过氧酸可以负载在载体基质上(例如包含饱和聚合物的基质),并且将负载的过氧酸与不饱和聚合物混合。饱和聚合物优选包含饱和弹性体。饱和聚合物的一些例子包括聚异丁烯(IB)、表氯醇橡胶(ECO)、聚丙烯酸橡胶(ACM,ABR)、硅酮橡胶(SI、Q、VMQ)、氟代硅酮橡胶(FVMQ)、含氟弹性体(FKM和FEPM)、全氟弹性体(FFKM)、聚醚嵌段酰胺(PEBA)、氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)或它们的混合物。饱和聚合物优选包含聚异丁烯。优选低分子量或中等分子量的聚异丁烯。
不饱和聚合物:
不饱和聚合物优选包含不饱和弹性体。不饱和聚合物包括例如不饱和异烯烃共聚物(例如丁基橡胶(IIR))、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR),聚丁二烯橡胶(BR)、天然聚异戊二烯(例如顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(NR)或反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(古塔波胶))、合成聚异戊二烯(IR)、丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物(丁腈橡胶(NR))、氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)、乙烯丙烯二烯单体(EPDM)共聚物、它们的卤化聚合物或它们的混合物。卤化不饱和聚合物的一些例子包括氯丁二烯橡胶(CR)、氯代丁基橡胶(CIIR)、溴代丁基橡胶(BIIR)或它们的混合物。非卤化不饱和聚合物是特别优选的。
不饱和聚合物优选包含不饱和异烯烃共聚物(例如丁基橡胶(IIR))、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)、聚丁二烯橡胶(BR)、它们的卤化聚合物或它们的任何混合物。在一个实施方式中,不饱和聚合物包含苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)。在另一实施方式中,不饱和聚合物包含聚丁二烯橡胶(BR)。
不饱和聚合物更优选包含不饱和异烯烃共聚物,甚至更优选丁基聚合物或卤代丁基聚合物。在一个实施方式中,不饱和聚合物包含含有衍生自至少一种异烯烃单体的重复单元和衍生自至少一种多烯烃单体的重复单元的共聚物。
异烯烃共聚物不限于特殊的异烯烃。然而,优选的是在4至16个碳原子,优选4-7个碳原子范围内的异烯烃,如异丁烯、2-甲基-1-丁烯、3-甲基-1-丁烯、2-甲基-2-丁烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯及它们的混合物。更优选的是异丁烯(isobutene)(异丁烯(isobutylene))。
异烯烃共聚物不限于特殊的多烯烃。可以使用本领域技术人员已知的与异烯烃可共聚的每种多烯烃。然而,使用在4-14个碳原子范围内的多烯烃,如异戊二烯、丁二烯、2-甲基丁二烯、2,4-二甲基丁二烯、戊间二烯(piperyline)、3-甲基-1,3-戊二烯、2,4-己二烯、2-新戊基丁二烯、2-甲基-1,5-己二烯、2,5-二甲基-2,4-己二烯、2-甲基-1,4-戊二烯、2-甲基-1,6-庚二烯、环戊二烯、甲基环戊二烯、环己二烯、1-乙烯基-环己二烯及它们的混合物,优选共轭二烯。更优选使用异戊二烯。用于本发明的不饱和聚合物可以包括除上述多烯烃以外的共聚单体,如烷基取代的乙烯基芳族共聚单体,包括但不限于C1-C4烷基取代的苯乙烯,例如对甲基苯乙烯。
作为可选的单体,可以使用本领域技术人员已知的与异烯烃和/或二烯可共聚的任何单体。优选使用α-甲基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯、氯苯乙烯、环戊二烯和甲基环戊二烯。也可以使用茚和其他苯乙烯衍生物。不饱和聚合物可以包括例如异丁烯、异戊二烯和对甲基苯乙烯的无规共聚物。
在一个实施方式中,异烯烃共聚物可以通过单体混合物的共聚而形成。优选地,基于单体混合物中的单体,单体混合物包含约80-99.9mol%的至少一种异烯烃单体和约0.1-20mol%的至少一种多烯烃单体。更优选地,单体混合物包含约90-99.9mol%的至少一种异烯烃单体和约0.1-10mol%的至少一种多烯烃单体。在一个实施方式中,单体混合物包含约92.5-97.5mol%的至少一种异烯烃单体和约2.5-7.5mol%的至少一种多烯烃单体。在另一实施方式中,单体混合物包含约97.4-95mol%的至少一种异烯烃单体和约2.6-5mol%的至少一种多烯烃单体。
如果单体混合物包含与异烯烃和/或二烯烃可共聚的可选单体,则该可选的单体优选替代多烯烃单体的一部分。单体混合物还可以包含按重量计0.01%至1%的至少一种多烯烃交联剂,并且当存在多烯烃交联剂时,相应地减少多烯烃单体的量。
异烯烃共聚物可以通过单体混合物的共聚而形成,例如通过溶液聚合而形成。溶液聚合反应在存在能够引发聚合过程的引发剂体系(例如路易斯酸催化剂和质子源)的条件下进行。适用于本发明的质子源包括当添加到路易斯酸或含有路易斯酸的组合物时会产生质子的任何化合物。质子可以由路易斯酸与质子源的反应生成,产生质子和相应的副产物。在质子源与质子化添加剂的反应比其与单体的反应更快的情况下,则这种反应可以是优选的。产生质子的反应物包括例如水、醇、酚、硫醇、羧酸等或它们的任何混合物。优选水、醇、酚或它们的任何混合物。最优选的质子源是水。路易斯酸与质子源的优选比例按重量计为5:1至100:1,或按重量计为5:1至50:1。基于反应混合物的总重量,包括催化剂和质子源的引发剂体系优选以0.02-0.1wt%的量在于反应混合物中。
烷基铝卤化物催化剂是用于催化根据本发明的溶液聚合反应的特别优选的一类路易斯酸。烷基铝卤化物催化剂的实例包括:甲基二溴化铝,甲基二氯化铝,乙基二溴化铝,乙基二氯化铝,丁基二溴化铝,丁基二氯化铝,二甲基溴化铝,二甲基氯化铝,二乙基溴化铝,二乙基氯化铝,二丁基溴化铝,二丁基氯化铝,甲基倍半溴化铝,甲基倍半氯化铝,乙基倍半溴化铝,乙基倍半氯化铝及它们的任何混合物。优选的是二乙基氯化铝(Et2AlCl或DEAC)、乙基倍半氯化铝(Et1.5AlCl1.5或EASC)、乙基二氯化铝(EtAlCl2或EADC)、二乙基溴化铝(Et2AlBr或DEAB)、乙基倍半溴化铝(Et1.5AlBr1.5或EASB)和乙基二溴化铝(EtAlBr2或EADB)及它们的任何混合物。在特别优选的引发剂体系中,催化剂包含乙基倍半氯化铝,优选通过优选在稀释剂中混合等摩尔量的二乙基氯化铝和乙基二氯化铝来产生。稀释剂优选与用于进行共聚反应的稀释剂相同。
在引发剂体系中还可以存在一种或多种有用于异烯烃溶液共聚的其它催化剂,例如四氯化钛、四氯化锡、三氟化硼、三氯化硼或甲基铝氧烷。单体通常通过阳离子聚合,优选在约-100℃至约-50℃范围内的温度下,优选在约-95℃至约-65℃范围内的温度下。温度优选为约-80℃或更高。
基于溶液的体积,溶液包含0-30vol%的脂族烃稀释剂。在优选的实施方式中,溶液包含0.1-30vol%或0.1-20vol%的脂族烃稀释剂。脂族烃可以在常见的脂族介质中,其包含至少80wt%的在1013hPa压力下沸点在45℃至80℃范围内的一种或多种脂族烃,优选至少90wt%并且甚至更优选至少95wt%。在1013hPa压力下沸点在45℃至80℃范围内的脂族烃包括环戊烷、2,2-二甲基丁烷、2,3-二甲基丁烷、2-甲基戊烷、3-甲基戊烷、正己烷、甲基环戊烷和2,2-二甲基戊烷。
C6溶剂是用于溶液方法的特别优选的选择。更低分子量的溶剂如C5或更轻的溶剂具有接近单体的沸点,因此不能通过蒸馏将单体与溶液分离。更高分子量的溶剂如C7或更重的溶剂在卤化后更难以与橡胶分离。通过使用C7溶剂提供的溶液粘度也显著高于使用C6溶剂的溶液粘度,使得即使当提供上述的高单体与溶剂比时,溶液更难处理并且阻碍反应器中的热传递。因此,本发明的C6溶剂是可用溶剂中的优选选择。适合用于本发明的C6溶剂优选具有50℃至69℃的沸点。优选的C6溶剂的实例包括正己烷或己烷异构体,如2-甲基戊烷或3-甲基戊烷,或正己烷和这些异构体的混合物以及环己烷。例如,常见的脂族介质可以进一步包含在聚合条件下为惰性的其它化合物,例如其它脂族烃,例如在1013hPa压力下沸点大于80℃的庚烷和辛烷,丙烷,丁烷,正戊烷,环己烷以及卤代烃如甲基氯、氢氟烃(HFC)和其它在反应条件下为惰性的卤代脂族烃。
共聚方法可以在间歇式反应器中以分批方法进行或在连续式反应器中以连续方法(例如塞流法)进行。在连续方法中,该方法优选以至少下列进料流进行:溶剂/稀释剂+异烯烃(优选异丁烯)+多烯烃(优选二烯,异戊二烯);引发剂体系;和可选的多烯烃交联剂。
应该注意的是,多烯烃交联剂也可以与异烯烃和多烯烃在相同的进料流中加入。尽管交联剂对于将共聚物的分子量提高到可加工水平不是必需的,但如果需要,交联剂仍然可以使用。
为了形成卤化异烯烃共聚物,可以使异烯烃共聚物经受卤化过程。溴化或氯化可以根据本领域技术人员已知的方法进行,例如Rubber Technology,第3版,Maurice Morton编,Kluwer Academic Publishers,第297–300页及其中引用的其它文件中描述的程序。优选地,根据1999年3月23日授权的美国专利US 5,886,106中描述的方法进行卤化,其内容通过引证并入本文。控制卤化剂的添加量以在卤化的共聚物中提供0.05-2.5mol%的最终卤素含量。用于卤化异烯烃共聚物的卤化剂可以包含元素氯(Cl2)或溴(Br2)和/或其有机卤化物前体,例如二溴二甲基乙内酰脲、三氯异氰脲酸(TClA)、N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺等。优选地,卤化剂包含或者是溴。优选地,卤化包括溴化。
在含有共轭二烯如异戊二烯的异烯烃共聚物的卤化过程中,异烯烃共聚物中的一些或全部多烯烃内含物被转化为烯丙基卤化物。卤化异烯烃共聚物的烯丙基卤化物总含量不会超过母体异烯烃共聚物的起始多烯烃含量。烯丙基卤化物位点允许与卤化异烯烃共聚物反应并将亲核剂连接至卤化异烯烃共聚物。对于不含烯丙基卤化物的卤化异烯烃共聚物,例如衍生自异丁烯和苯乙烯类单体的卤化异烯烃共聚物,通过苯乙烯类单体的卤化形成的苄基卤化物可以反应形成离聚物而不是烯丙基卤化物。因此,与烯丙基卤化物一样,同样的逻辑将适用于苄基卤化物;离聚物部分的总量不能超过苄基卤化物的可用量。
添加剂:
环氧化聚合物可以与各种辅助产品混配,成形为制品,并且将所得到的复合物固化。用于聚合物(例如橡胶)的辅助产品包括例如反应促进剂、硫化促进剂、硫化促进助剂、抗氧化剂、发泡剂、抗老化剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、臭氧稳定剂、加工助剂、增塑剂、增粘剂、起泡剂、染料、颜料、蜡、增量剂、有机酸、抑制剂、金属氧化物和活化剂(如三乙醇胺、聚乙二醇、己三醇等),它们对于橡胶工业是众所周知的。橡胶助剂以常规量使用,其尤其取决于预期的用途。更多关于硫化的信息可以在Encyclopedia of Polymer Science andEngineering第17卷第666页以下(硫化)中获得。
在特定的实施方式中,可以将环氧化的聚合物与适合的填料(例如矿物和/或非矿物填料)混配,以增强某些期望的物理性能,如拉伸强度、粘度、硬度、渗透性等。合适的填料选自不赋予不希望的残余物或者对用于上述“清洁”应用的聚合物没有其它不利影响的那些。合适的填料的实例包括二氧化硅、硅酸盐、其高长径比或纳米尺寸版本以及其它合适的清洁填料。用于赋予期望的物理性能同时保持清洁特性的填料的选择在本领域技术人员的能力范围内。填料的常规量为约1至150phr(每百份橡胶的份数)。
固化:
通过该方法产生的环氧化的聚合物可以通过任何合适的方法进一步固化,例如基于硫的固化剂、基于过氧化物的固化剂、ZnO固化剂、树脂固化体系或UV光。典型的基于硫的固化体系包含:(i)金属氧化物,(ii)元素硫和(iii)至少一种基于硫的促进剂。将金属氧化物用作固化体系中的组分在本领域中是公知的。合适的金属氧化物是氧化锌,其典型地以组合物中每100重量份的聚合物约1至约10,优选约2至约5重量份的量使用。构成优选的固化体系的组分(ii)的元素硫在组合物中典型地以每100重量份聚合物约0.2至约10重量份的量使用。合适的基于硫的促进剂(优选的固化体系的组分(iii))在组合物中典型地以每100重量份聚合物约0.5至约3重量份的量使用。有用的基于硫的促进剂的非限制性实例可以选自秋兰姆硫化物如二硫化四甲基秋兰姆(TMTD)、硫代氨基甲酸盐如二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌(ZDC)以及噻唑基和苯并噻唑基化合物如二硫化巯基苯并噻唑(mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide)(MBTS)。优选地,基于硫的促进剂是二硫化巯基苯并噻唑。在树脂固化体系的一些实施方式中,树脂固化体系可以包含卤化酚甲醛树脂或酚甲醛树脂,可选地结合有活化剂。卤化酚甲醛树脂和酚甲醛树脂在本领域中是已知的,如描述于美国专利2,701,895、3,093,613和3,165,496中,其通过引证并入本文。烷基酚-甲醛衍生物,例如具有羟甲基活性基团的辛基酚-甲醛是典型的。金属氧化物例如氧化锌和/或其它固化或加工助剂例如硬脂酸也可以用于树脂固化体系中。在组合物中,金属氧化物可以每100重量份聚合物约1至10重量份的量使用。树脂可以约0.2至约20phr的量使用。其它固化或加工助剂可以约0.2至约10phr的量使用。
实施例
实施例1:常规、溴代和氯代丁基橡胶(IIR、BIIR和CIIR)的环氧化
向预热的研磨机(30℃或50℃)中加入丁基橡胶。一旦弹性体结合,缓慢地作为粉末加入间氯过氧苯甲酸(MCPBA,纯度<77%,购自Sigma Aldrich)。通过6×3/4切割和6×末端向前穿过来精制材料。再将良好分散的材料研磨如表1所示的另外的时间。然后从研磨机中取出材料并且通过1HNMR确定环氧基mol%。RB301、RB40和RB402是常规丁基橡胶。BB2030和BB4010是溴代丁基橡胶。CB1240是氯代丁基橡胶。
实施例2:SBR和BR的环氧化
向预热的研磨机(30℃或50℃)中加入橡胶。一旦弹性体结合,缓慢地加入作为聚异丁烯母料(20g MCPBA分散于100g具有约800kg/mol的Mv的PIB中)的间氯过氧苯甲酸(MCPBA,纯度<77%,购自Sigma Aldrich)。通过6×3/4切割和6×末端向前穿过来精制材料。将充分分散的材料研磨额外的时间,如表1所示。然后从研磨机中取出材料并且通过1HNMR确定环氧mol%。BR CB24是丁二烯橡胶,且SBR Buna SL 4525-0是苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶。
对于实施例1和2,使用Bruker DRX 500MHz光谱仪(500.13MHz)在添加有作为内标的三甲基硅烷(TMS)的CDCl3中获得1H NMR数据。使用1H NMR宏确定环氧化的mol%。
表1
在查阅本说明书时,新颖特征对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。然而,应该理解的是,权利要求的范围不应该受到实施方式的限制,而是应该给予与作为整体的权利要求和说明书措辞一致的最宽泛的解释。
Claims (12)
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在不存在催化剂的情况下将所述不饱和聚合物与所述过氧酸混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述过氧酸包含间氯过氧苯甲酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在环境温度至95℃范围内的温度下,将所述不饱和聚合物与所述过氧酸混合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述温度在环境温度至75℃范围内。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述温度在环境温度至50℃范围内。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,在不存在外部施加的加热的情况下,所述温度是环境温度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,将所述不饱和聚合物与所述过氧酸混合小于1小时。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,将所述不饱和聚合物与所述过氧酸混合小于0.5小时。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,将所述不饱和聚合物与所述过氧酸混合10分钟或更小。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述共聚物是非卤化的丁基橡胶。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述共聚物是卤化的丁基橡胶。
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