JP6863900B2 - 新規アマトキシン−抗体コンジュゲート - Google Patents
新規アマトキシン−抗体コンジュゲート Download PDFInfo
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- JP6863900B2 JP6863900B2 JP2017547478A JP2017547478A JP6863900B2 JP 6863900 B2 JP6863900 B2 JP 6863900B2 JP 2017547478 A JP2017547478 A JP 2017547478A JP 2017547478 A JP2017547478 A JP 2017547478A JP 6863900 B2 JP6863900 B2 JP 6863900B2
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- Prior art keywords
- antibody
- linker
- amatoxin
- group
- thiol
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Description
本発明は、アマトキシン及び抗体、特に特定のシステイン残基を含む抗体に結合したアマトキシンを含む、コンジュゲートに関する。
アマトキシンは、タマゴテングタケ(Amanita phalloides mushrooms)に見られる、8アミノ酸からなる環状ペプチドである(図1参照)。アマトキシンは哺乳動物細胞のDNA依存性RNAポリメラーゼIIを特異的に阻害し、それによって影響を受けた細胞の転写及びタンパク質生合成も阻害する。細胞における転写の阻害は、成長及び増殖の停止を引きおこす。共有結合ではないが、アマニチンとRNA−ポリメラーゼIIとの複合体は非常に強固である(KD=3nM)。アマニチンの酵素からの解離は非常に遅いプロセスであり、したがって影響を受けた細胞の回復は起こりにくくなる。転写の阻害が非常に長く続くと、細胞はプログラム細胞死(アポトーシス)を受けることになる。
したがって、アマトキシン及び抗体、特に特定のシステイン残基を含む抗体に結合したアマトキシンを含むコンジュゲートを合成する、費用効率が高くかつ強固な方法が依然として強く求められており、当該コンジュゲートは標的細胞に対して毒性が高く、同時に安定かつ忍容性が高い。親アミノ酸残基からシステイン残基へと突然変異され得る抗体鎖の位置を同定することが本発明のさらなる目標であり、その結果、そのような毒性の高い、安定かつ忍容性の高いコンジュゲートが形成される。
本発明は、限られた数の特定の野生型アミノ酸残基を同定することができ、当該アミノ酸残基は単一の不対システイン残基に突然変異させることができ、それは毒性が高く、安定かつ忍容性の高いアマトキシンとのコンジュゲートの形成をもたらすという、予期しない観察に基づいている。
Ama−L−X−S−Ab
(式中、Amaはアマトキシンであり、Lはリンカーであり、Xはチオール反応性基へのチオール基のカップリングから生じる部分であり、Sはシステインアミノ酸残基の硫黄原子であり、並びに、Abは当該システイン残基を含む抗体配列又は機能的抗体フラグメントであって、ここで、当該システイン残基は(i)CL、CH1、CH2、及びCH3から選択される抗体ドメインに位置し;(ii)当該抗体ドメインの配列に最も近い相同性を示す生殖系列配列がシステインとは異なるアミノ酸残基を含む位置にあり;そして(iii)溶媒曝露される位置にある)
に関する。
Ama−L−X−S−Ab
(式中、Amaはアマトキシンであり、Lはリンカーであり、Xはチオール反応性基へのチオール基のカップリングから生じる部分であり、Sはシステインアミノ酸残基の硫黄原子であり、並びに、Abは当該システイン残基を含む抗体配列又は機能的抗体フラグメントであって、ここで、当該システイン残基は以下のリスト、重鎖118Cys、重鎖239Cys、及び重鎖265Cys、特に:重鎖118Cys、及び重鎖265Cysから選択される)
に関する。
Ama−L−X−S−Ab
を合成するための方法であって、
化合物Ama−L−X’(式中、X’はチオール反応性基である)と、
抗体Ab−SH(式中、基−SHはシステインアミノ酸残基のチオールであり、そしてAbは当該システイン残基を含む抗体配列であって、ここで、当該システイン残基は以下のリスト:重鎖118Cys、重鎖239Cys、及び重鎖265Cys、特に:重鎖118Cys、及び重鎖265Cysから選択される)とを、
反応させることによる、方法に関する。
(i)化合物Ama−L−X’(式中、X’はチオール反応性基である)、並びに
(ii)抗体Ab−SH(式中、基−SHはシステインアミノ酸残基のチオールであり、そしてAbは当該システイン残基を含む抗体配列であって、ここで、当該システイン残基は以下のリスト:重鎖118Cys、重鎖239Cys、及び重鎖265Cys、特に:重鎖118Cys、及び重鎖265Cysから選択される)、
を含む、キットに関する。
式中、X’はマレイミド基であり、
前記方法が、
(a)求核基を含むアマトキシンと、
化合物Y−L−X’’
(式中、
Yは脱離基であり、そして
X’’は保護されたマレイミド基である)とを、
反応させるステップを含む、方法に関する。
当該細胞と、前記抗体が当該標的に特異的である、本発明に係るコンジュゲートとを接触させること、
を含む、方法に関する。
本発明を以下で説明する前に、本発明は本明細書に記載された特定の方法、プロトコル及び試薬に限定されず、これらは変動し得ることを理解されたい。また、本明細書で使用される用語は単に特定の実施形態を説明するためのものであり、添付の特許請求の範囲によってのみ限定されることになる本発明の範囲を限定することを意図するものではないことを理解されたい。特に定義されない限り、全ての本明細書で使用される科学技術用語は、当業者によって一般的に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。
Ama−L−X−S−Ab
(式中、Amaはアマトキシンであり、Lはリンカーであり、Xはチオール反応性基へのチオール基のカップリングから生じる部分であり、Sはシステインアミノ酸残基の硫黄原子であり、並びに、Abは当該システイン残基を含む抗体配列又は機能的抗体フラグメントであって、ここで、当該システイン残基は(i)CL、CH1、CH2、及びCH3から選択される抗体ドメインに位置し;(ii)当該抗体ドメインの配列に最も近い相同性を示す生殖系列配列がシステインとは異なるアミノ酸残基を含む位置にあり;そして(iii)溶媒曝露される位置にある)
に関する。
Ama−L−X−S−Ab
(式中、Amaはアマトキシンであり、Lはリンカーであり、Xはチオール反応性基へのチオール基のカップリングから生じる部分であり、Sはシステインアミノ酸残基の硫黄原子であり、並びに、Abは当該システイン残基を含む抗体配列又は機能的抗体フラグメントであって、ここで、当該システイン残基は以下のリスト、重鎖118Cys、重鎖239Cys、及び重鎖265Cys、特に:重鎖118Cys、及び重鎖265Cysから選択される)
に関する。
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)3−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)4−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)5X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)6−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)7−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)8−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)9−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)10−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)11−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)12−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)16−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)2−O−(CH2)2−O−(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)2−O−(CH2)2−O−(CH2)2−O−(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);及び
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)2−O−(CH2)2−O−(CH2)2−O−(CH2)2−O−(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側)、
から選択される。
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)2−S−S−(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)3−S−S−(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)2−S−S−(CH2)3−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)3−S−S−(CH2)3−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)4−S−S−(CH2)4−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)2−CMe2−S−S−(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)2−S−S−CMe2−(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −(CH2)3−S−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −CH2−C6H4−NH−Cit−Val−CO(CH2)5−X−S− (抗体側)
(アマトキシン側) −CH2−C6H4−NH−Ala−Val−CO(CH2)5−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −CH2−C6H4−NH−Ala−Val−CO(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −CH2−C6H4−NH−Ala−Phe−CO(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −CH2−C6H4−NH−Lys−Phe−CO(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −CH2−C6H4−NH−Cit−Phe−CO(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −CH2−C6H4−NH−Val−Val−CO(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −CH2−C6H4−NH−Ile−Val−CO(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −CH2−C6H4−NH−His−Val−CO(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −CH2−C6H4−NH−Met−Val−CO(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);
(アマトキシン側) −CH2−C6H4−NH−Asn−Lys−CO(CH2)2−X−S− (抗体側);から選択され、
ここで、ジペプチド配列に隣接する−NH−及び−CO−は、それぞれ、ジペプチドのカルボキシ末端及びアミノ末端へのアミド結合を形成するリンカーのアミノ及びカルボニル部分を表す。
Ama−L−X−S−Ab
を合成するための方法であって、
化合物Ama−L−X’(式中、X’はチオール反応性基である)と、
抗体Ab−SH(式中、基−SHはシステインアミノ酸残基のチオールであり、そしてAbは当該システイン残基を含む抗体配列であって、ここで、当該システイン残基は以下のリスト:重鎖118Cys、重鎖239Cys、及び重鎖265Cys、特に:重鎖118Cys、及び重鎖265Cysから選択される)とを、
反応させることによる、方法に関する。
(i)化合物Ama−L−X’(式中、X’はチオール反応性基である)、並びに
(ii)抗体Ab−SH(式中、基−SHはシステインアミノ酸残基のチオールであり、そしてAbは当該システイン残基を含む抗体配列であって、ここで、当該システイン残基は以下のリスト:重鎖118Cys、重鎖239Cys、及び重鎖265Cys、特に:重鎖118Cys、及び重鎖265Cysから選択される)
を含む、キットに関する。
式中、X’はマレイミド基であり、
前記方法が、
(a)求核基を含むアマトキシンと、
化合物Y−L−X’’
(式中、
Yは脱離基であり、そして
X’’は保護されたマレイミド基である)とを、
反応させるステップを含む、方法に関する。
(b)X’’から保護基を除去する、
追加のステップを含む。
当該細胞と、前記抗体又は前記機能的抗体フラグメントが当該標的に特異的である、本発明に係るコンジュゲートとを接触させること、
を含む、方法に関する。
システイン突然変異体の操作及びカップリング条件
1.1 抗体産生
図2は、IgG1分子の概略図、並びにシステイン残基に突然変異された、トキシンカップリングのためのアミノ酸残基の位置を示す。全ての抗体は、重鎖及び軽鎖をコードする発現ベクターを用いて一過性トランスフェクションによって、真核Expi293細胞(Life Technologies)において産生される(図3)。Cys置換のための突然変異を有する遺伝子配列はGeneArtによって合成され、エンドヌクレアーゼ及びリガーゼ酵素に基づく標準的な分子クローニング方法によって発現プラスミドに導入される。クローニング実験からの結果を、酵素制限分析及びシークエンシング(GATC Biotech、ドイツ)により確認した。トランスフェクションのために、Expi293細胞をErlenmeyer振とうフラスコ中で、125rpm及び8%のCO2で、約3.0x106細胞/mlの密度まで培養した。DNA及びPEI試薬複合体を2:3の重鎖:軽鎖比を有するOpti−MEM培地中で生成した。培地へのDNA:PEI複合体の添加後、Expi293細胞を24時間インキュベートした。細胞を460g及び室温で15分間遠心分離し、長期生成を確実にするために培地を交換した。細胞生存率をモニターし、4〜6日後に細胞を沈殿させ、タンパク質Aカラム(Tosoh Biosience)を使用してBio−Rad FPLCシステムによって上清からモノクローナル抗体を精製した。凝集体及びエンドトキシンを、PBS、pH7.4を使用してSuperdex S−200ゲル濾過カラム(GE Healthcare)を使用する最終精製(polishing)クロマトグラフィーによって除去した。SDS−PAGE、UV分光法、分析的SEC−HPLC及びエンドトキシンELISAを使用して、抗体を特定した。精製された抗体の典型的な収量は凝集体<1%を有する1リットルの培地あたり約80〜120mgであった。
マレイミド−アマトキシン誘導体のコンジュゲーションのために、例えばHDP30.0880及びHDP30.1699、システイン置換を有する抗体を、pH7.4のPBS中の1mMのEDTAで5.0mg/mlに調整し、40eqs.のTCEPによって3時間37℃で還元した。還元された抗体を、pH7.4のPBS中の1mMのEDTAでの2つの連続透析ステップによって精製し、その後、鎖間ジスルフィドを20eqs.のデヒドロアスコルビン酸(dhAA)によって4時間室温で酸化した。置換されたシステインに対するトキシンカップリングを、8〜15eqs.のマレイミド−アマトキシン誘導体を1時間室温で加え、次いで25eqs.のN−アセチル−L−システインで反応をクエンチすることによって行った。アマトキシン−ADCsを、PD−10カラムを使用するゲル濾過クロマトグラフィー又はG−25 Sephadex(登録商標)クロマトグラフィー(GE Healthcare)によって精製した。ADCsの薬物抗体比(DAR)を、抗体及びα−アマニチンの吸光係数を使用して280nm及び310nmでのUV分光法によって決定した。さらに、DARを、ネイティブなLC−MS(図4(A))及び重鎖/軽鎖LC−MS分析(図4(B)、4(C))によって決定した。LC−MSによれば、DARはIgGあたり1.8〜2.2個のアマニチンの範囲であり、薬物は重鎖のみに位置している。SDS−PAGE、抗アマニチン抗血清を使用するウェスタンブロッティング、分析的SEC−HPLC、HIC−HPLC及びRP−HPLCによって、ADCsの品質を確認した。ADCsを3.0〜5.0mg/mlに調整し、細胞培養及びイン・ビボモデルでのさらなる使用までpH7.4のPBS中で4℃で保存した。
6’(6−N−マレイミド−ヘキシル)−α−アマニチン(HDP 30.0880)
ステップ1:1,7−ジメチル−10−オキサ−4−アザトリシクロ[5.2.1.02,6]デカ−8−エン−3,5−ジオン、エキソ異性体(HDP 30.0891)
1H NMR(CDCl3, 500 MHz)δ(ppm):8.68(broad singlet, 1H), 6.31(singlet, J, 2H), 2.88(singlet, 2H), 1.73(singlet, 6H).13C NMR(CDCl3, 100 MHz)δ(ppm):175.04, 140.82, 87.68, 53.77, 15.76.
1H NMR(500 MHz, CDCl3)δ(ppm)6.31(s, 2H), 3.48(t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.39(t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.81(s, 1H), 1.90-1.77(m, 2H), 1.70(s, 5H), 1.64-1.52(m, 2H), 1.44(dddd, J=9.2, 7.4, 6.5, 5.4 Hz, 2H), 1.35-1.23(m, 2H).
13C NMR(126 MHz, CDCl3)δ 174.81, 140.81, 87.52, 52.33, 38.42, 33.65, 32.50, 27.54, 27.33, 25.64, 15.87.
MS(ESI+)1194.17 [M+H]+, 1216.10 [M+Na]+
MS(ESI+)1098.29 [M+H]+, 1120.36 [M+Na]+
6´−O−(6−(6−(N−マレイミド)−ヘキサンアミド)ヘキシル)−α−アマニチン(HDP 30.1948)
粗生成物を水−メタノール勾配でのRP18 HPLCによって精製し、純粋画分をt−ブタノール/水から凍結乾燥した:9.02mg(84%)HDP 30.1948、無色粉末として。
MS(ESI+) found:1210.99; calc.:1211.54 [MH]+(C55H79N12O17S)
found:1233.32; calc.:1233.52 [M+Na]+(C55H78N12NaO17S)
6´−O−(6−(N−α−マレイミド)−L−2,3−ジアミノプロパンアミド)ヘキシル)−α−アマニチン(HDP 30.1958)
MS(ESI+) found:1306.58; calc.:1306.54 [M+Na]+(C57H81N13NaO19S)
MS(ESI+) found:1306.58; calc.:1184.50 [M+Na]+(C52H74N13O17S)
6´−O−(2−ブロモアセトアミド)ヘキシル)−α−アマニチン(HDP 30.1619)
MS(ESI+) found:1139.58; calc.:1138.39 [M+H]+(C47H69BrN11O15S)
found:1160.42; calc.:1160.37 [M+Na]+(C47H68BrN11NaO15S))
6´−O−(2−ブロモアセトアミド)プロピル)−α−アマニチン(HDP 30.1618)
MS(ESI+) found:1096.22; calc.:1096.34 [MH]+(C44H63BrN11O15S)
found:1118.45; calc.:1118.32 [M+Na]+(C44H62BrN11NaO15S)
6’−[6−(6−(4−(5−(メチルスルホニル)−1,2,4−オキサジアゾール−2−イル)−フェニルオキシ)ヘキシルアミノカルボニル)−アミノヘキシル)]−α−アマニチン(HDP 30.1926)
1H NMR(500 MHz, CDCl3)δ 3.42(t, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.28(t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.88(dt, J=14.6, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.62(dt, J=14.3, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.53-1.36(m, 4H).
13C NMR(126 MHz, CDCl3)δ 51.43, 33.80, 32.67, 28.82, 27.81, 26.03.
MS(ESI+) found:314.33; calc.:314.15 [M+Na]+(C15H21N3NaO3)
MS(ESI+) found:278.27; calc.:278.16 [M+H]+(C13H20N5O2)
MS(ESI+) found:334.27; calc.:334.13 [M+H]+(C15H20N5O2S)
found:356.29; calc.:356.12 [M+Na]+(C15H19N5NaO2S)
MS(ESI+) found:366.00; calc.:366.12 [M+H]+(C15H20N5O4S)
found:388.19; calc.:388.11 [M+Na]+(C15H19N5NaO4S)
MS(ESI+) found:481.10; calc.:481.14 [M+H]+(C20H25N4O8S)
1H NMR(500 MHz, CDCl3)d 8.08-8.01(m, 2H), 7.06-6.99(m, 2H), 5.57(t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 4.05(t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.51(s, 3H), 3.28(q, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.83(s, 4H), 1.88-1.77(m, 2H), 1.67-1.39(m, 6H).
13C NMR(126 MHz, CDCl3)d 170.05, 166.73, 163.11, 161.53, 151.44, 129.68, 115.28, 114.03, 68.14, 42.98, 41.90, 29.39, 28.85, 26.23, 25.55, 25.47.
MS(ESI+) found:1383.62; calc.:1383.57 [MH]+(C61H87N14O19S2)
found:1405.54; calc.:1405.55 [M+Na]+(C61H86N14NaO19S2)
6’−[(3−マレイミドプロパンアミド)−Ahx−Val−Cit−PAB]−α−アマニチン(HDP 30.1426)
ジペプチドp−アミノベンジルブロミドを、Jeffreyらにより、J.Med.Chem.2005、48、1344−1358に開示された方法の適合によって、対応するベンジルアルコールから合成した。一般的な手順は以下のスキームによって例示される。
バリン−シトルリン−p−アミノベンジルアルコール(H−Val−Cit−PAB−OH)及びN−Boc−アミノカプロン酸N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミドエステル(Boc−Ahx−NHS)の調製は、Firestoneらによって米国特許第6,214,345号明細書に開示されている。この方法によって、粗H−Val−Cit−PAB−OHを、4.79g(7.96mmol)Fmoc−Val−Cit−PAB−OHから調製し、50mlのDMFに溶解した。Boc−Ahx−NHS(2.88g、8.76mmol)及び1489μl(8.76mmol)のN−エチルジイソプロピルアミンを添加し、室温で一晩撹拌した。DMFの蒸発後、残渣を100mlのMTBEと共に一晩撹拌し、固体を遠心分離により単離した。ペレットをMTBEに再懸濁し、再び遠心分離した。生成物を真空乾燥して、4.44g(94%収率)のわずかに茶色がかった粉末を得た。
MS(ESI+) found:615.19; calc.:615.35 [M+Na]+(C29H48N6NaO7)
ステップ1生成物(4.44g、7.49mmol)を20mlのDMFに溶解し、6.37μl(37.45mmol)のN−エチルジイソプロピルアミン及び3.39g(22.47mmol)のtert−ブチルジメチル−クロロシラン(TBDMSCl)を添加した。3時間後、DMFを蒸発させ、残渣を120mlの酢酸エチル/メタノール5:1と100mlの0.2Mクエン酸との間に分配した。有機層を水及び飽和重炭酸ナトリウムで洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、減圧下で濃縮した。粗生成物をジクロロメタン中の0〜10%メタノールの勾配を用いて120gシリカゲルから溶離した。純粋画分を合わせ、蒸発させて、2.50g(47%)の生成物を固体として得た。
MS(ESI+) found:729.29; calc.:729.43 [M+Na]+(C35H62N6NaO7Si)
THF(40mL)中のステップ2生成物(2.50mg、3.546mmol)の溶液に、NaH(鉱油中の60%分散液の142mg、3.546mmol)を添加した。15分後、純粋な(neat)2−(トリメチルシリル)−エトキシメチルクロリド(SEMCl)(703μl、3.546mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を8時間撹拌した。珪藻土(10g)を反応混合物に加え、揮発物を減圧下で除去した。残りの固体をシリカゲルカラムのトップに適用し、ジクロロメタン中の0〜10%メタノールの勾配を用いて溶離した。純粋画分を合わせ、蒸発させて、非晶質表題化合物の637mg(21%)を得た。
MS(ESI+) found:859.34; calc.:859.52 [M+Na]+(C41H76N6NaO8Si2)
THF(20mL)中のステップ3生成物(567mg、0.677mmol)の溶液に、TBAF(833μLの1.0M溶液、0.833mmol;1.2当量)を添加した。1時間後、珪藻土(1.5g)を反応混合物に加え、揮発物を減圧下で除去した。残りの固体をシリカゲルカラムのトップに適用し、クロロホルム中の0〜10%メタノールの勾配を用いて溶離した。純粋画分を合わせ、蒸発させて、279mg(57%)の生成物を白色固体として得た。
MS(ESI+) found:745.28; calc.:745.43 [M+Na]+(C35H62N6NaO8Si)
ジクロロメタン(5mL)中のステップ4生成物(100mg、139μmol)の溶液に、トリフェニルホスフィン(73mg、2当量)を添加し、次いで四臭化炭素(92mg、2当量)を添加した。1時間後、珪藻土(1g)を反応混合物に加え、揮発物を減圧下で除去した。ジクロロメタン中の0〜10%メタノールの勾配を用いて12gシリカゲルから溶離して、表題生成物の61mg(56%)を油状物として得る。
MS(ESI+) found:807.15/809.17; calc.:807.35/809.34 [M+Na]+(C35H61BrN6NaO7Si)
MS(ESI+) found:1646.40; calc.:1645.77 [M+Na]+(C74H114N16NaO21SSi)
MS(ESI+) found:1393.42; calc.:1393.66 [M+H]+(C63H93N16O18S)
MS(ESI+) found:1544.25; calc.:1544.68 [M+H]+(C70H98N17O21S)
found:1566.44; calc.:1566.67 [M+Na]+(C70H97N17NaO21S)
6’−[H−Val−Ala−PAB]−α−アマニチン(HDP 30.1702)
MS(ESI+) found:1194.58; calc.:1194.53 [M+H]+(C54H76N13O16S)
found:1216.75; calc.:1216.51 [M+Na]+(C54H75N13NaO16S)
6’−((3−マレイミドプロパンアミド)−Val−Ala−PAB)−α−アマニチン(HDP 30.1699)
MS(ESI+) found:1345.48; calc.:1345.55 [MH]+(C61H81N14O19S)
found:1368.17; calc.:1367.53 [M+Na]+(C61H80N14NaO19S)
6´−O−[((N−α−マレイミド)−L−2,3−ジアミノプロパンアミド)−Val−Ala−PAB] −α−アマニチン(HDP 30.1957)
MS(ESI+) found:1345.48; calc.:1360,56(C61H82N15O19S)
6’−((2−ブロモアセトアミド)−Val−Ala−PAB)−α−アマニチン(HDP 30.1704)
MS(ESI+) found:1314.28; calc.:1314.45 [M+H]+(C56H77N13O17S)
found:1336.39; calc.:1336.43 [M+Na]+(C56H76N13NaO17S)
6’−((6−(4−(5−(メチルスルホニル)−1,2,4−オキサジアゾール−2−イル)−フェニルオキシ)ヘキシルアミノカルボニル)−Val−Ala−PAB)−α−アマニチン(HDP 30.1917)
MS(ESI+) found:802.63 calc.:802.30 [M+2Na]2+(C70H94N16Na2O21S2)
6’−((6−(4−(5−(メチルスルホニル)−1,2,4−オキサジアゾール−2−イル)−フェニルオキシ)ヘキシルアミノカルボニル)−Ahx−Val−Ala−PAB)−α−アマニチン(HDP 30.1930)
MS(ESI+) found:859.02; calc.:858.85 [M+2Na]2+(C76H105N17Na2O22S2)
6´−O−[3−(5−ニトロ−ピリジン−2−イルジスルファニル)プロピル)]−α−アマニチン HDP 30.0951
ステップ1:6´−O−(3−S−トリチルスルファニル−プロピル)−α−アマニチン HDP 30.0517
MS(ESI+)1234.8 [M+H]+, 1257.3 [M+Na]+
MS(ESI+)1146.97 [M+H]+, 1169.17 [M+Na]+
図5〜14に至る実験設定
BrdU取り込みに基づく細胞生存率アッセイ(図11、12、13)
抗原発現腫瘍細胞株に対する化合物の影響を評価するために、2500細胞/ウェルを90μlの培地に播種した。翌日、異なる濃度の抗体−薬物コンジュゲートを含む10μlの培地を加えた。BrdU取り込みアッセイ(Cell Proliferation ELISA、BrdU、Roche)を、薬物曝露の72時間又は96時間後に実施した。化学発光を、FLUOstar Optima化学発光計(BMG LABtech)を使用して測定した。各化合物についてのEC50値を、Graphpad Prism 4.0ソフトウェアを用いたシグモイド用量反応曲線分析によって決定した。
Fcg−受容体発現THP−1細胞に対する化合物の影響を評価するために、2500細胞/ウェルを90μlの培地に播種した。翌日、異なる濃度の抗体−薬物コンジュゲートを含む10μlの培地を加えた。薬物適用の96時間後、10μlの細胞増殖剤WST−1(Roche)を各ウェルに加えた。さらに4時間〜24時間のインキュベーション後、440nm/660nmでの吸光度を、FLUOstar Optima化学発光計(BMG LABtech)を使用して決定した。各化合物のEC50値を、Graphpad Prism 4.0ソフトウェアを使用してシグモイド用量反応曲線分析によって決定した。
1x106抗原発現腫瘍細胞を含むPBS中の100μlの細胞懸濁液を、0.1〜50μg/mlの抗体又は抗体−薬物コンジュゲートと共に、又はそれらを含まずに、30分間4℃でインキュベートした。検出のために、ヤギ抗ヒトIgG(H+L)−Alexa Fluor 488 F(ab’)2−フラグメント(Dianova)を使用した。固定した染色細胞を、BD FACScan装置でFACSによって分析した。試料の平均蛍光強度をBD CellQuest Proソフトウェアを使用して計算し、対照試料値を差し引いた際のIgG濃度に対してプロットして、結合曲線を得た。
抗体及び抗体−薬物コンジュゲートを、標準的な方法に従ってアマニチンペイロード(payload)の還元及び非還元SDS−PAGE、次いでクマシーブルー染色、又はウェスタンブロット検出によって分析した。検出のために、タンパク質にコンジュゲートしたアマニチン及びアマニチン−リンカー化合物の検出を可能にする、ポリクローナルウサギ血清を使用した。
10%を超えない個々の体重減少を引き起こす用量として定義される、最大耐用量(MTD)を、抗体−薬物コンジュゲートの単一静脈内用量について評価した。異種移植モデルについて、240μlの培地に懸濁した5x106個の腫瘍細胞(早期継代数)を、7〜8週齢の雌NMRIヌードマウス(Janvier)の右脇腹に皮下注射した。腫瘍が100〜200mm3の平均体積に達したら、動物を、1つの群当たり8匹の動物の処置群に無作為に割り当てた。単回静脈内投与処置を全ての動物に適用した。エンドトキシン濃度<1EU(エンドトキシン単位)/mgタンパク質を、Endosafe−PTSシステム(Charles River)を使用することによってイン・ビボの実験に使用した全てのバッチについて実証した。適用量は10ml/kg体重であり、PBSをビヒクル対照として使用した。腫瘍増殖をキャリパー(caliper)で測定し、腫瘍体積を以下の式を用いて計算した。
Tvol=(大径(larger diameter)×(小径(smaller diameter))2×0.5)
マウスを、瀕死状態の時又は示された時点で、CO2吸入によって屠殺した。全ての動物実験は、ドイツの動物福祉基準(German animal welfare standards)(GV−SOLAS)に従って行われ、責任ある委員会(Regierungsprasidium Karlsruhe、Referat 35)によって承認されている。統計分析をPrismソフトウェア(GraphPad Software、Inc.)及び1−Way ANOVAを使用して行った。
非ヒト霊長類(NHP)の毒性試験を、雌のカニクイザル(cynomolgus monkeys)で行った。全ての試験プロトコルは、試験施設動物実験委員会(Animal Care and Use Committee)によって承認された。非GLP単回投与毒性試験を3週間間隔で漸増用量の静脈内(IV)注射を用いて行った。身体検査、体重、摂食量、行動、臨床化学、尿検査および血液学を含む各試験で、総合的な毒性パラメータを評価した。血液試料を様々な時点で採取した。忍容性の例として、血液中のパラメータLDHの経時変化を以下について示す(A)Her2−30.0643;(B)Her2−30.1465;(C)Her2−A118C−30.0880;(D)Her2−D265C−30.0880。用量は以下のとおりである(i)0.3mg/kg;(ii)1mg/kg;(iii)3mg/kg;(iv)10mg/kg。
MS分析の前に、抗体及び抗体薬物コンジュゲートを標準的なプロトコルを用いて脱グリコシル化及び還元した。したがって、PNGase Fによる脱グリコシル化及び透析後、抗体及び抗体薬物コンジュゲート溶液をアセトニトリルの添加によって沈殿させ、遠心分離して、沈殿物を6M塩酸グアニジニウム溶液中に再構成した。軽鎖及び重鎖分析のために、再構成した溶液を20mMのジチオトレイトールを用いて30分間56℃で還元した。次に、脱グリコシル化並びに還元された抗体及び抗体薬物コンジュゲートを、LTQ Orbitrap Elite.イオントラップ質量分析計(Thermo Fisher Scientific)を用いてナノLC−MSによって分析した。方法を分析前にインタクトかつ還元された抗体のために最適化した。最後に得られた質量スペクトルを、データ解析に適切なソフトウェア(ProMass、Thermo Fisher Scientific)によってデコンボリューションした。
Claims (10)
- 以下の一般式のコンジュゲート:
(Ama−L−X−S) n −Ab
(式中、Amaはアマトキシンであり、Lはリンカーであり、Xはチオール反応性基へのチオール基のカップリングから生じる部分であり、Sはシステインアミノ酸残基の硫黄原子であり、並びに、Abは当該システイン残基を含む抗体配列又は機能的抗体フラグメントであって、ここで、当該システイン残基は、EUナンバリングシステムによる重鎖265Cysであり、ここで、nは、1及び1〜4の値から選択される)。 - 前記リンカーが、安定なリンカー及び切断可能なリンカーから選択される、請求項1に記載のコンジュゲート。
- 前記チオール反応性基が、ブロモアセトアミド、ヨードアセトアミド、4,6−ジクロロ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イルアミノ、4−[5−(メチルスルホニル)−1H−テトラゾール−1−イル]フェニル、2−(メチルスルホニル)−ベンゾ[d]チアゾール−5−イル、4−[5−(メチルスルホニル)−1,3,4−オキサジアゾール−2−イル]−フェニル、2−ピリジルジチオ−,2−(5−ニトロ−ピリジル)ジチオ−,メチルチオスルホニル(methylthiosulfonyl)及びマレイミド、特にマレイミドから選択される、請求項1又は2に記載のコンジュゲート。
- nが2である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のコンジュゲート。
- 以下の一般式のコンジュゲート:
(Ama−L−X−S) n −Ab
を合成するための方法であって、
化合物Ama−L−X’(式中、Amaはアマトキシンであり、Lはリンカーであり、Xはチオール反応性基X’へのチオール基のカップリングから生じる部分である)と、
抗体又は機能的抗体フラグメント、Ab−SH(式中、基−SHはシステインアミノ酸残基のチオールであり、そしてAbは当該システイン残基を含む抗体配列又は機能的抗体フラグメントの配列であって、ここで、当該システイン残基は、EUナンバリングシステムによる重鎖265Cysであり、ここで、nは、1及び1〜4の値から選択される)とを、
反応させることによる、方法。 - nが2である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- (i)化合物Ama−L−X’(式中、Amaはアマトキシンであり、Lはリンカーであり、X’はチオール反応性基である)、並びに
(ii)抗体又は機能的抗体フラグメント、Ab−SH(式中、基−SHはシステインアミノ酸残基のチオールであり、そしてAbは当該システイン残基を含む抗体配列又は機能的抗体フラグメントの配列であって、ここで、当該システイン残基は、EUナンバリングシステムによる重鎖265Cysである)、
を含む、キット。 - 化合物Ama−L−X’を合成するためのステップをさらに含む、請求項5に記載の方法であって、
式中、Amaはアマトキシンであり、Lはリンカーであり、X’はマレイミド基であり、
前記方法が、
(a)求核基を含むアマトキシンと、
化合物Y−L−X’’
(式中、
Yは脱離基であり、そして
X’’は保護されたマレイミド基である)とを、
反応させるステップを含む、方法。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のコンジュゲートを含有する、医薬組成物。
- 標的を提示する細胞に関連する疾患の治療に使用するための、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物であって、
前記抗体又は機能的抗体フラグメントが当該標的に特異的である、医薬組成物。
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