JP6816703B2 - How to make mat seedlings - Google Patents

Description

The present invention belongs to the technical field of a method for producing mat seedlings such as paddy rice.

There is a technique to prepare the cultivation environment for seedlings such as paddy rice by laying the seedlings in the seedling box, sowing the seeds on the floor soil, and covering the seeds with the soil cover. This technology makes the specific gravity of the soil relatively light and adjusts the amount of fertilizer contained in the soil cover to promote the growth of the roots of the seedlings, prevent the seeds from overlapping during sowing, and increase the sowing density. (See Patent Document 1).

JP-A-2016-2209999

In a seedling box with an increased sowing density, the area occupied by the roots per seedling becomes smaller, so the roots collide with each other and grow slowly, the roots do not become entangled, and the roots move into the soil due to the growth of the seedlings. There is a problem that the strength of the mat seedlings formed by being stretched is reduced.

In addition, when mat seedlings are used in a transplanter, the soil cover falls into the seedling transport path due to vibration, which causes extra labor to be spent on the removal work, and the soil cover clogs the drive part of the transport path, making it impossible to transport the seedlings. There is a problem of stabilization.

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The present invention is, less likely to collapse is covered with soil even if vibration is applied to the mat seedlings, it is an object of the present invention to provide a process for the production of easy-to-use mat seedlings at the time of transplantation work.

In order to solve the above problems, the following technical measures were taken.

That is, in the invention according to claim 1, among the seedling raising soil (S) laid in the seedling box (120), the soil covering (C) covering the seeds contains 80% or more of the soil quality (Z) by weight. , Bentonite which is clayey (X) and coconut husk which is fibrous (Y) are contained in a weight ratio of 10% or more and less than 20% , and the soil (B) receiving seeds has a soil quality (Z) in weight ratio. Contains 80% or more of bentonite, which is clayey (X), 5% or more and less than 10% by weight, and coconut husk, which is fibrous (Y), 5% or more and less than 10% by weight, and zeolite. The method for producing mat seedlings is characterized in that (U) is contained in an amount of about 5% by weight and an acrylic acid-based polymer is added as a water absorbing material (A) .

Further, in the invention according to claim 2, the fibrous (Y) coconut husk is treated by immersing a log (L) in an aqueous solution of iron sulfide (FS) and treating the seeds mixed in the log (L). The method for producing mat seedlings according to claim 1, wherein a product processed into a chip shape is used .

Further, in the invention according to claim 3, the fertilizer added to the soil covering (C) contains a nitrogen component (N) as a fertilizer component (F), and the fertilizer added to the bed soil (B) is a fertilizer component. The method for producing mat seedlings according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method (F) contains a phosphate (P) and does not contain a nitrogen component (N) .

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According to the invention of claim 1, sand or stone constituting the soil (Z) by blending the clay (X) bentonite and the fibrous (Y) coconut husk with the soil (Z) of the soil covering (C). Can be attached to bentonite and entwined with coconut husks to put them together. It can be prevented from being scattered in the soil. As a result, it is possible to prevent the dropped soil (Z) from hindering the transportation of the seedlings and lowering the planting accuracy of the seedlings.
Further, by incorporating the porous zeolite (U) in the bed soil (B), water and the fertilizer component (F) dissolved in water can be retained, so that the fertilizer component (F) can be retained together with water. Is prevented from being washed away from the bottom of the seedling box (120), and poor growth due to lack of fertilizer is prevented.
Further, by adding the water-absorbing material (A) of the acrylic acid-based polymer only to the floor soil (B), a large amount of water can be retained for a long period of time, so that it extends into the floor soil (B). The roots easily absorb water and prevent poor growth due to lack of water.

According to the invention of claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1 , the log (L) is immersed in an aqueous solution of iron sulfide (FS) before the fibrous (Y) coconut husk is processed into chips. As a result, the seeds of the plant adhering to the log (L) can be washed away or killed, so that it is possible to prevent the growth of seedlings other than the crops cultivated from the soil (S) . As a result, it is not necessary to remove seedlings other than the grown crops, the working time and labor can be reduced, and the seedlings of the cultivated crops can be prevented from growing poorly due to lack of nutrients.
In addition, iron sulfide (FS) in the aqueous solution reacts with the salt remaining in the log (L) to generate a sulfuric acid component, so by mixing coconut husk containing the sulfuric acid component, the acidity of the soil (S) Can be neutral to weakly acidified. As a result, it is possible to adjust the acidity so that the cultivated crops can grow easily to promote the growth of seedlings, and to adjust the acidity so that the seeds of other alkalophilic crops do not germinate easily to prevent weeds from growing. it can.

According to the invention of claim 3, in addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1 or 2, a nitrogen component (N) is added to the soil covering (C), and a nitrogen component (N) is added to the bed soil (B). By not doing so, the root portion in the bed soil (B) can be extended toward the nitrogen component (N) that is transferred from the soil cover (C), so that the strength of the mat seedling (121) by the root can be improved. ..

Further, by containing the phosphate (P) in the bed soil (B), the root portion can be easily settled in the soil, so that the strength of the mat seedling (121) is further improved.
Further, by not containing the nitrogen component (N) in the bed soil (B) and adding the nitrogen component (N) to the soil covering (C), the growth of the root in the bed soil (B) was inhibited. It is difficult to entangle the roots with the earth and sand of the floor soil (B), and it is possible to form seedlings that easily settle in the field.

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Side view showing the seeder Plan view showing the seeder Top view showing the main part of the nursery box supply device Side view showing the main part of the nursery box supply device Perspective view showing the lower receiving plate, the upper receiving plate and the drop plate Side view of a main part showing a seeding feeding roller provided with a hole-drilling protrusion of a seeding device. Side view of a main part showing a seeding feeding roller provided with a hole-drilling protrusion of a seeding device of another configuration example. Cross-sectional view showing a seedling box filled with soil for raising seedlings (A) A table showing the proportions of the components that make up the clay-based hilling, (b) A table showing the proportions of the components that make up the clay-based hilling, (c) A clay-fiber mixed hilling Table showing the ratio of the components that make up Schematic diagram showing iron sulfide treatment when using coconut husk as a soil material Cross-sectional view showing a seedling box filled with soil for raising seedlings to which a water absorbing material has been added. Table showing the ratio of the components that make up the soil with the addition of water-absorbing material Cross-sectional view showing a seedling box filled with hilling soil for raising seedlings to which zeolite is added. Table showing the ratio of the components that make up the hilling to which zeolite is added Schematic diagram showing the work of immersing a seedling box in an aqueous solution of a viscous material Schematic diagram showing the work of supplying an aqueous solution of viscous material to the seedling box being created Cross-sectional view showing a seedling box containing lightweight soil and heavy soil Cross-sectional view showing a seedling box in which different amounts of nitrogen components are added to the bed soil and the soil cover. Table showing the amount of nitrogen component added to the bed soil and soil cover Cross-sectional view showing a seedling box in which phosphate is added to the bed soil and nitrogen component is added to the soil cover. Table showing the amount of phosphate added to the bed soil and the amount of nitrogen component added to the soil cover Cross-sectional view showing a seedling box with coated fertilizer added to the floor soil (A) A table showing the amount of coating fertilizer added to the soil when using lightweight soil for the soil and the amount of nitrogen component added to the soil cover, (b) To the soil when heavy soil is used for the soil. Table showing the amount of coating fertilizer added and the amount of nitrogen component added to the soil cover

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below. It should be noted that the following embodiments are merely embodiments and do not limit the scope of claims.

First, the sowing machine 1 that performs the work of filling the floor soil B, sowing, and covering the soil C will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.

The seeding machine 1 is provided with a transport path 3 for transporting the seedling raising box 2 in one direction, and is supported on the transport path 3 and is supported by the transport path 3 in order from the upper side of the transport path 3 to a plurality of sheets up and down. A seedling raising box supply device 4 that feeds the stacked seedling raising boxes 2 in order from the lower side and supplies them onto the transport path 3, a floor soil filling device 6 that fills the seedling raising box 2 with the floor soil B, and a seedling raising that is filled with the floor soil B. A irrigation device 29 for irrigating the box 2, a sowing device 7 for sowing the seedling raising box 2, and a soil covering device 8 for covering the seedling raising box 2 are provided.

The seedling raising box supply device 4, the floor soil filling device 6, the sowing device 7, and the soil covering device 8 are provided with a total of four legs 9, front, back, left, and right so that they can be installed independently of the other devices. It is supported by 10.

Further, wheels 12 that can be projected downward from the lower end of the leg 10 via an arm 11 that rotates up and down are attached to the left and right legs 10 on the front side of the soil covering device 8, respectively. The seeder 1 can be easily moved by projecting the seeding machine 1 downward and lifting the seeding machine 1 to lift the other legs 9 from the ground.

The transport path 3 is composed of left and right transport guides 15, and is configured to transport the seedling raising box 2 with the longitudinal direction oriented forward and backward between the left and right transport guides 15. In the transport path 3, the conveyors to be driven include a seedling box supply section transport conveyor 16 and a floor soil filling section transport conveyor 17, which are belt-type seedling box transport conveyors, and a seeding section transport conveyor, which is a roller-type seedling box transport conveyor. 18 and a soil-covered portion transport conveyor 28 are provided.

Then, as a non-driven, free-rotating roller-type conveyor, a pre-floor soil filling conveyor 62 is provided between the seedling raising box supply unit transport conveyor 16 and the floor soil filling section transport conveyor 17, and the floor soil filling section transport conveyor 17 and An irrigation section conveyor 63 is provided between the seeding section transfer conveyor 18, a soil cover pre-conveyor 64 is provided between the seed section transfer conveyor 18 and the soil cover section transfer conveyor 28, and a seedling raising box take-out conveyor 75 is provided behind the soil cover section transfer conveyor 28. Is provided.

The nursery box supply device 4 receives a lower receiving plate 34 that receives a plurality of seedling raising boxes stacked vertically from the lower side, and an upper receiving plate 34 that receives the second seedling raising box 2 from the bottom of the seedling raising box group from the lower side. A plate 35 and a drop plate 36 for forcibly dropping the lowest seedling raising box 2 of the seedling raising box group downward are provided, and the seedling raising box group supplied on the upper receiving plate 35 by hand or the like is first placed on the lower receiving plate 34. Taking over, with the upper receiving plate 35 supporting the second seedling raising box 2 from the bottom to the upper seedling raising box 2, the lower receiving plate 34 releases the support of the lowest seedling raising box 2 of the seedling raising box group. Then, in that state, the drop plate 36 pushes the lowermost nursery box 2 from the upper side to the lower side, separates it from the nursery box group, drops it, feeds it out, and supplies it onto the nursery box supply unit transport conveyor 16. By repeating the process, the seedling raising box 2 on the lower side of the nursery box group is supplied in order from the seedling raising box supply unit transport conveyor 16.

The lower receiving plate 34, the upper receiving plate 35, and the drop plate 36 are provided at four locations in the front, back, left, and right of the seedling raising box group so that the parts acting on the seedling raising box group do not overlap in the front-back direction. Acting from the left and right outside of the nursery box, in conjunction with the operation of the nursery box supply unit transport conveyor 16, there is a gap between the nursery box 2 supplied first and the nursery box 2 supplied next on the nursery box supply unit transfer conveyor 16. Operate so that it does not occur.

Explaining the transmission configuration, the seedling raising box is transmitted from the output sprocket 95 provided in the nursery box supply motor 94 to the transport transmission chain 96 and the drive sprocket 38, and is integrally rotated with the drive sprocket 38 via a roller 37 on the transport side. The supply unit transport conveyor 16 is driven.

Then, the drive sprocket 38 transmits to the first counter shaft 41 via the chain 39 and the driven sprocket 40, and the drive sprocket 42 integrally rotates with the first counter shaft 41 to the chain 43, the driven sprocket 44, and the one-way clutch. Is transmitted to the second counter shaft 45, and the left and right drop shafts 48 are driven to the opposite sides from the drive bevel gears 46 provided at both left and right ends of the second counter shaft 45 via the driven bevel gear 47. Rotate. The drop shaft 48 and the drop plate 36 rotate integrally, and the drop plate 36 rotates on the left and right inside in the direction of shifting downward.

Further, each receiving plate shaft 52 located above the dropping shaft 48 from the other end of the dropping shaft 48 via the arms 49, 51, the link 50, etc. is swung within a predetermined angle range to receive the receiving plate 48. The lower receiving plate 34 and the upper receiving plate 35 that rotate integrally with the plate shaft 52 are swung, and the lower receiving plate 34 and the upper receiving plate 35 act alternately on the seedling raising box group to sequentially lower the seedling raising box group. ..

Further, a manual supply lever 53 serving as a manual supply operation tool for manually rotating the second counter shaft 45 is provided, and the operator can arbitrarily use the manual supply lever 53 on the nursery box supply unit transfer conveyor 16. The nursery box 2 can be dropped and supplied.

The floor soil filling device 6 feeds the floor soil tank 54 for storing the soil S to be the floor soil B and the floor soil B in the floor soil tank 54 by feeding them out by a predetermined amount and dropping them into the seedling raising box 2. The floor soil feeding belt 55 as a feeding tool, the leveling brush 19 as a leveling tool for leveling the floor soil B overflowing on the seedling raising box 2, and the floor soil rushing into the seedling raising box 2 to suppress the floor soil B. It is equipped with a floor soil suppression roller 57 as a pressure reducing tool and a floor soil amount adjusting lever as a floor soil amount adjusting tool for changing and adjusting the feeding amount of the floor soil B by adjusting the gap on the floor soil feeding belt 55. The flat brush 19 is located on the lower side of the transfer of the floor soil B packing position on the transfer path 3 where the feeding belt 55 supplies the floor soil B, and the floor soil suppression roller 57 is located on the lower side of the transfer of the flat brush 19. ..

Explaining the transmission configuration of the floor soil filling device 6, the floor soil feeding belt 55 is driven by the floor soil feeding motor 20, and the leveling brush 19 is driven from the floor soil feeding belt 55 via the gear transmission mechanism. Further, the output sprocket 97 provided on the floor soil filling transfer motor 21 is transmitted to the drive sprocket 60 via the transfer transmission chain 59, and is integrally rotated with the drive sprocket 60. 17 is driven. The flat brush 19 and the floor soil feeding belt 55 are configured to rotate in opposite directions.

It should be noted that one of the floor soil feeding motor 20 and the floor soil filling transport motor 21 may be driven to transmit the soil to the floor soil feeding belt 55, the flat brush 19 and the floor soil filling portion transport conveyor 17.

As shown in FIG. 6, the sowing apparatus 7 is provided with an adjusting plate 68b at the bottom of the seed tank 68, feeds the seeds by a predetermined amount to the flow port, and feeds the seeds into the concave groove of the sowing feeding roller 69 that rotates counterclockwise. The structure is such that excess seeds adhering to the surface of the take-in and sowing and feeding roller 69 are dropped by the first brush 68d. On the outer peripheral edge of the sowing and feeding roller 69, perforated protrusions 69a ... In which seeds enter in contact with the floor soil B of the seedling tray 2 are provided at predetermined intervals in the left-right direction and at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. Is formed in. The predetermined intervals in the left-right direction and the predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction correspond to the predetermined intervals in the left-right direction and the predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of the plurality of seedling raising cells 121 constituting the seedling tray 2.

Then, a rotating brush 68e is elastically pressed against the upper part of the sowing feeding roller 69 by a spring to remove seeds overflowing from the concave groove of the sowing feeding roller 69 and collected in the seed storage tank 68f. The seedlings are sown in the floor soil B of the seedling tray 2 being transported from the concave groove rotated downward.

Further, a fixed falling brush 70 is provided between the sowing position of the sowing feeding roller 69 and the seed taking-in position, and the seeds that could not be sown are scraped off on the floor soil B of the seedling tray 2, improving the sowing accuracy and moistening. Improve the sowing accuracy of seeds.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, a second falling brush 68 g that rotates from the sowing position of the sowing feeding roller 69 to the seed uptake position is provided, and the outer peripheral portion of the second falling brush 68g is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the sowing feeding roller 69. In contact with each other, the seeds remaining after sowing may be dropped while rotating 68 g of the second falling brush by the sowing feeding roller 69.

Further, the sowing device 7 adjusts the gap at the outlet of the seed tank 68 facing the sowing feeding roller 69 to change and adjust the seed supply state to the sowing feeding roller 69. The seed supply adjusting handle 72 serves as a seed supply adjusting tool. Be prepared.

Therefore, seeds are supplied to the feeding groove of the sowing feeding roller 69 from the outlet of the seed tank 68 adjusted by the seed supply adjusting handle 72, and the feeding groove is moved upward by the rotation of the sowing feeding roller 69. A predetermined amount of seeds are transferred through the ditch, and seeds unsuitable for sowing such as seeds with ridges and shoots and seeds with overgrown buds are removed from the sowing groove, and the feeding groove is formed by rotation of the sowing feeding roller 69. The seeds are moved downward and the seeds are dropped and supplied to the seedling raising box 2 at the bottom dead point position (sowing position H).

In general, the feeding grooves of the seeding feeding roller 69 are long grooves in the left-right direction (direction of the rotation axis of the seeding feeding roller 69) and are arranged on the outer periphery of the seeding feeding roller 69. When sowing the seeds in the seedling raising box 2 with the same direction of the seeds so that the longitudinal direction (major axis) of the seeds faces the longitudinal direction of the seedling raising box 2, the feeding groove of the seeding feeding roller 69 is set in the front-rear direction (sowing feeding roller 69). If a plurality of seeds are arranged on the left and right with long grooves (in the direction of the outer circumference of rotation), the seeds can be sown in a desired direction along the direction of the feeding groove (front-back direction) in the longitudinal direction (major axis) of the seeds.

Further, when the seed paddy is lightly pressed against the floor soil B immediately after sowing, a pressing roller may be provided immediately after the sowing position H, and the seed paddy may be pressed by the pressing roller.

Explaining the transmission configuration of the seeding device 7, the output sprocket 66 provided in the seeding motor 65 is transmitted to the seeding and feeding roller 69 via the feeding transmission chain 67, and is transmitted from the output sprocket 66 to the first removing chain 73 and the second removing chain. It is transmitted to the removal brush 70 via the 74, is transmitted from the output sprocket 66 to the roller 75 on the lower transfer side of the seeding section transfer conveyor 18 via the transfer transmission chain 71, and the chain 77 is transmitted from the roller 75 on the lower transfer side. It is transmitted to the roller 76 on the upper side of the transport via. Between the roller 76 on the upper transport side and the roller 75 on the lower transport side, there is a sowing position H in which the sowing and feeding roller 69 feeds and supplies seeds. The removal brush 70, the seeding section transport conveyor 18, and the seeding feeding roller 69 are wound around the first removing chain 73 and the transport transmission chain 71 so as to intersect each other in a side view so as to rotate in opposite directions. A guide body is provided between the position of the removal brush 70 and the sowing position on the outer peripheral portion of the sowing and feeding roller 69 to cover the feeding groove so that the seeds do not fall out from the feeding groove.

The soil covering device 8 serves as a soil covering tank 84 for storing the soil covering S to be the soil covering C, and a soil covering feeding tool for feeding the soil covering C in the soil covering tank 84 by a predetermined amount and dropping it into the nursery box 2 to supply the soil covering position. The soil covering amount belt 85, the flat plate 86 serving as a flattening tool for leveling the soil covering C overflowing on the seedling raising box 2, and the soil covering amount adjustment for changing and adjusting the feeding amount of the soil covering C by adjusting the gap on the soil covering feeding belt 85. A flat plate 86 is located on the lower side of the soil covering position on the transport path 3 in which the soil covering C amount adjusting lever is provided as a tool and the soil covering feeding belt 85 supplies the soil covering C. Explaining the transmission configuration of the soil covering device 8, the soil covering feeding belt 85 is driven by the soil covering motor 78, and the roller on the lower side of the transport of the soil covering portion transport conveyor 28 from the output sprocket 79 provided in the soil covering motor 78 via the transport transmission chain 80. It is transmitted to the roller 81 on the lower side of the transfer, and is transmitted from the roller 81 on the lower side of the transfer to the roller 82 on the upper side of the transfer via the chain 98. There is a soil covering position between the roller 82 on the upper transport side and the roller 81 on the lower transport side. The soil-covered feeding belt 85 and the soil-covered portion transport conveyor 28 are wound around the transport transmission chain 80 so as to intersect each other in a side view so as to rotate in opposite directions.

A manual transfer handle 92, which is an operation tool for manually rotating the nursery box transfer conveyor, is held on the front leg 10 of the soil covering device 8 via a hook 93. With this manual transfer handle 92, when the sowing machine 1 is stopped due to a failure during sowing by the sowing device 7, or when the sowing machine 1 is stopped to finish the sowing work, the seedling raising box 2 is manually moved. The seedling raising box 2 can be easily taken out from the sowing machine 1 by transporting.

The irrigation device 29 is provided on the upper side of the irrigation section conveyor 63, is provided with left and right support frames 100 that rise from the left and right transport guides 15 of the irrigation section conveyor 63, and has a plurality of nozzles arranged on the left and right. The pipe 99 is supported by both left and right support frames 100. The irrigation pipe 99, that is, the irrigation position is arranged at a position closer to the transport of the irrigation section conveyor 63.

Each of the floor soil filling conveyor 62, the irrigation section conveyor 63, the soil covering pre-conveyor 64, and the seedling raising box extraction conveyor 75 fits into the upper and lower transport devices at the front and rear ends of the left and right transport guides 15. The compounding member 101 is provided independently and detachably from the seeding machine 1 main body. Therefore, by assembling the irrigation section conveyor 63 between the sowing device 7 and the soil covering device 8, the irrigation device 29 can be arranged between the sowing device 7 and the soil covering device 8. Alternatively, by assembling the irrigation section conveyor 63 to the rear side of the soil covering device 8, it is possible to irrigate after the soil covering C.

When arranging the irrigation device 29 between the sowing device 7 and the soil covering device 8, the soil covering device 64 is assembled to the rear side of the irrigation section conveyor 63 so that a sufficient distance between the irrigation device 29 and the soil covering device 8 can be obtained. Alternatively, it is desirable to replace the soil-covered pre-conveyor 64 assembled on the rear side of the irrigation device 29 with a long conveyor. As a result, even if the soil with poor water absorption is used for the soil B, the irrigation of the irrigation device 29 can permeate the soil B, and the soil can be covered with the water on the upper surface of the soil B. , The seeded paddy is less likely to become oxygen-deficient, and a stable germination rate can be obtained. Further, the soil-covering conveyor 64 may be configured to be configured by a non-driving roller, and the non-driving roller may be assembled at an arbitrary position so that the soil-covering conveyor 64 can be expanded and contracted. When arranging the irrigation device 29 between the floor soil filling device 6 and the sowing device 7, it is desirable to lengthen the conveyor between the irrigation device 29 and the sowing device 7 for the same reason as described above.

The opening at the upper end of the soil covering tank 84 is provided lower than the opening at the upper end of the seed tank 68, and the opening at the upper end of the floor soil tank 54 is provided lower than the opening at the upper end of the soil covering tank 84. As a result, the operator must frequently supply the floor soil B to the floor soil tank 54 with a shovel due to the large amount of use, but this floor soil supply work can be easily performed at a low level, and the soil covering tank with the next highest supply frequency. The soil cover supply work to 84 can be easily performed. Moreover, since the opening at the upper end of the seed tank 68 is high, it is possible to prevent accidentally supplying the floor soil B or the soil cover C to the seed tank 68 when performing the floor soil supply work or the soil cover supply work. Can be prevented from causing the seeding device 7 to break down by being supplied with.

The floor soil tank 54 is supported via a deformable rubber elastic body 113, and is configured to swing under the weight of the floor soil B each time the operator supplies the floor soil B. As a result, the bridging phenomenon of the floor soil B in the floor soil tank 54 can be prevented, and especially when the soil such as the soil of the paddy field where the bridging phenomenon is likely to occur is used as the floor soil B, the floor soil B can be properly fed out. .. The floor soil tank 54 can be shaken by the operator touching the floor soil tank 54 with a shovel or the like.

Further, when the seedling raising work is performed on the seedling raising box 110 whose left-right width is smaller than the left-right width of the conveyor (less than 30 cm), as shown in FIG. A guide 112 may be attached to regulate the left and right positions of the seedling raising box 110 on the conveyor. At this time, since the seeds fed by the sowing device 7 are wasted in the left and right one side portions, the receiving container 111 for receiving the seeds may be arranged at the left and right one side positions below the sowing device 7.

When paddy rice is cultivated in the seedling box 120, it is common to lay the bed soil B in the seedling box 120, sow the seeds of the paddy rice on the bed soil B, and then lay the soil cover C. Since it is necessary to consider the growth and upholstery of the roots growing from the seeds for the bed soil B, and it is necessary to consider the heat retention of the seeds and the permeability of water for the soil cover C, soils of different qualities are often used. In particular, the soil cover C may contain a large amount of sand in order to improve the permeability of water.

However, if the material of the soil covering C has a large amount of sand, the strength of the entire soil covering S is low and it easily collapses. There is no particular problem during raising seedlings of paddy rice where the seedling box 120 is raised on a flat surface and there is no opportunity for vibration to be applied. However, when the seedlings are loaded on a rice transplanter or a vegetable transplanter after raising the seedlings, the vibration of the machine causes the seedling box 120 to rise. There is a problem that the sand quality collapses and a large amount of sand and small stones fall on the seedling transport route, which hinders the transport of seedlings and lowers the planting accuracy of seedlings.

In order to solve this problem, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 (a), the ratio of soil Z including clay X and sand W among the raw materials of the soil S for raising seedlings is the weight ratio of all the materials. It is preferable that the ratio of clay X used for the soil covering C is 10 to 20% by weight.

As a result, it is possible to prevent sand and pebbles from being scattered during the planting work of paddy rice seedlings, so that the transportation of the seedlings is not hindered, and the planting accuracy and work efficiency of the seedlings are improved.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 (b), instead of clay X, the material for collecting sandy material expands to several times the original volume when it contains water, and components such as montmorillonite showing strong viscosity. Bentonite containing the above may be used. Since bentonite has a higher viscosity than general clay X, it is advisable to add an amount of 2 to 10% by weight to the soil cover C. It is advisable to increase the ratio of sandy or other materials by that amount to improve root tension and water absorption.

As described above, even if the soil used as the raw material of the hilling S has a small content of clay X depending on the environment of the collection site, the soil covering C can have a viscosity that does not easily collapse.

In the above method, the collapse of sand is suppressed by using clay X or a highly viscous material, but depending on the variety of paddy rice and the cultivation policy, it may not be possible to use clay X in large quantities. At this time, instead of clay X, plant-derived fiber Y such as peat moss and coconut husk may be contained in soil covering C at a weight ratio of 10 to 20%. By containing the fiber Y, the sand and pebbles are entangled with the fibers, so that it is possible to prevent the sand from falling from the soil cover C even if vibration is applied.

In addition, since the fiber Y has high water permeability, the water supplied during cultivation easily reaches the roots of paddy rice, and poor growth and dieback due to water shortage are prevented.

As shown in FIG. 9C, it is also conceivable to mix clay X and fibrous Y and add 10% or more and less than 20% by weight to the soil covering C. Clay X prevents water from moving to the floor soil B side too quickly, and fibrous Y can retain water, so water can be stably retained in the soil S and water is insufficient. Can be prevented from occurring. Regarding the mixing ratio of clay X and fiber Y, the worker selects an appropriate amount according to the variety of paddy rice to be cultivated and the time of cultivation.

The floor soil B to be laid in the seedling box 120 first is mixed with clay X in order to prevent the water and fertilizer component F necessary for cultivating paddy rice seedlings from immediately flowing down to the bottom.

However, if there is too much clay X, when the roots are not tight and the root pot is liable to collapse, the collapsed clay X adheres to the transport path of the seedlings of the rice transplanter or vegetable transplanter, which takes extra time for removal work. In addition to causing labor, there is a problem that the adhered clay X interferes with the transportation of seedlings and lowers the planting accuracy of seedlings.

In order to prevent this problem, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 (a) to 9 (c), the clay component of the floor soil B is 15% or less by weight. As a result, it is possible to delay the flow of water and fertilizer to be supplied and prevent the collapsed clay X from adhering to the transport path of the seedlings, so that the time and labor required for the removal work of the clay X can be reduced. , The planting accuracy of seedlings is improved.

When supplementing the water retention capacity of the floor soil B by the amount of the reduced clay X, it is preferable to include the fibrous Y such as peat moss and coconut husk. In particular, coconut husk is porous, has a high water-retaining capacity for each grain, and can retain water for a relatively long time, so that poor growth and dieback due to water shortage are prevented.

Of the above-mentioned fibrous Y, coconut, which is the raw material of coconut husk, has the property of sucking up salt in the soil. Therefore, before coconut husk is made into chips, the log L is exposed to the outdoors for several years (2 to 3 years). Desalting is performed to wash away salt with rainwater.

However, since seeds of other plants enter the soil while it is left outdoors, if this coconut husk is mixed in the soil S of the floor soil B or the soil covering C, the seeds of crops other than paddy rice will also be mixed into the soil S. , It causes weeds to grow on the mat seedlings 121 in the seedling box 120.

In order to prevent this problem, as shown in FIG. 10, it is preferable to use coconut husks after exposing the coconut log L to the outdoors or soaking it in an aqueous solution of iron sulfide FS without exposing it to the outdoors.

By immersing the log L in the aqueous solution, the seeds attached while the log L is exposed to the field can be shed or withered, so that the growth of weeds can be suppressed.

Further, the iron sulfide FS in the aqueous solution chemically reacts with the salt remaining in the log L to generate a sulfuric acid component. Since the acidity can be increased by mixing coconut husk containing a sulfuric acid component in the soil, the soil S can be neutralized to acidified. Since the root of paddy rice grows most easily at around pH 6.5 (neutral to weakly acidic), the strength of the mat seedling 121 can be increased more quickly.

The above pH adjustment is an ideal value for root growth of paddy rice, and weed seeds mixed in coconut husks are also easily activated at this pH. In particular, weed seeds have strong vitality, and even if they are immersed in an aqueous solution of iron sulfide FS, they are not always completely killed. However, in areas where palm log L is left outdoors for salt removal work, and seeds that easily adhere to palm log L are often alkaline, they do not germinate in somewhat strong acidic soil. Have. Therefore, the acidity of the soil S, especially the floor soil B, should be about pH 4.5.

As a result, even if the seeds of weeds are alive, the soil is strongly acidic to some extent, so that germination is not possible, the paddy rice does not deprive the nutrients to be used, and the growth of seedlings is stable.

However, although coconut husks have high water retention capacity when in contact with water, they have a wider space than soil, so water escapes from the gaps between coconut husks to the bottom of the seedling box 120, resulting in water shortage during seedling raising. Sometimes.

In order to solve this problem, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, it is advisable to add about 5 to 20 g of a water absorbing material A of an acrylic acid-based polymer such as sodium polyacrylate per 1 L of the soil S. This hilling S is on the floor soil B side, and when the root part extends into the floor soil B, sufficient water can be provided. If the soil covering material C contains the water absorbing material A, the water sprayed when the mat seedling 121 is prepared stays on the soil covering C side, and the water absorbing material A hardly moves to the floor soil B side. It is desirable that the soil covering C does not contain the water absorbing material A because there is a problem that the seedlings are weakened or withered due to lack of water even though the water content of the entire S is sufficient.

As a result, a large amount of water stays in the soil S, especially the floor soil B, in a state of being absorbed by the water absorbing material A, so that the roots of the seedlings can obtain water from the water absorbing material and prevent poor growth due to water shortage. Will be done.

Further, when boiling stones such as zeolite U are added to the soil by about 5% by weight, the fertilizer component F dissolved in water can be taken into the pores of the zeolite U, so that the fertilizer component F is contained in the seedling box 120. It is prevented from escaping with water from the bottom of the soil, and the occurrence of poor growth due to lack of fertilizer is prevented.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 15, in order to make the soil S viscous, the seedling box 120 after covering the seeds with the soil cover C may be immersed in an aqueous solution of a viscous material V such as sodium alginate, which is the source of the stickiness. In this aqueous solution, when the viscous material V is 1% by weight, the clay is 60 mPa · s or less, the soil is excessively sticky, and the growth of roots is not hindered.

As a result, the soil S is collected by the viscous substance, so that the soil S is prevented from collapsing due to the impact at the time of picking the seedlings and the vibration applied to the seedling box 120, and the seedlings can be reliably planted in the field.

When the seedling box 120 is immersed in an aqueous solution of the viscous material V, there is a problem that the work is increased accordingly. To solve this problem, as shown in FIG. 16, an aqueous solution of the viscous material V is pumped from the water tank 200 by the pump 201 into the seedling box, and water for growing seedlings is pumped from a sprinkler provided at one end of the hose 202. It is conceivable to supply with.

At this time, if an aqueous solution in which 0.5% of the viscous material V is dissolved in a weight ratio is used, the aqueous solution can permeate into the soil and exhibit viscosity, so that the strength of the entire soil S can be improved.

In paddy rice planting work, so-called sparse planting may be performed in which the interval between plants, that is, the interval between seedlings before and after planting is wider than that of the conventional one, and the required number of seedling boxes 120 per field is reduced. .. Sparse planting not only reduces the number of seedling boxes 120 used, but also widens the distance between the planted seedlings, which improves sunlight and ventilation, improves seedling growth, and allows the wind to cause pathogens and pests. It makes it harder to stay, so less things die during growth.

In addition, in sparse planting, the number of seedlings to be planted in the field is reduced, but the space in which each seedling can grow is widened, so that more seedlings can be tilled. Therefore, the yield of rice finally harvested is almost the same as that of the field where the conventional seedlings are planted.

Compared to this sparse planting, in order to further reduce the amount of seedlings used per unit area of the seedling box 120 and improve work efficiency, the number of seedlings grown in the seedling box 120 is increased and the density of seedlings is increased, so-called dense sowing. There is. In this dense sowing, when a general rectangular seedling box 120 (internal dimensions: length 580 mm, width 280 mm) is used, 180 g or more of dry paddy is sown per box, and at most 220 g of dry paddy.

In dense sowing, the number of seedlings per plant is large, so the tillers of seedlings are smaller than those of sparse planting, and the yield per unit area is smaller than that of sparse planting. However, since the number of seedling boxes 120 used can be reduced by 2 to 3 boxes per unit area, there is an effect of reducing work efficiency and agricultural costs.

When performing dense sowing, it is necessary to set the amount of seedlings to be taken at one time less than usual, but this will reduce the amount of bed soil B taken with the seedlings than usual, so when transplanting to paddy fields, The weight may be too light and the seedlings may float and flow, or the soil B of the scraped seedlings may collapse and some seedlings may fall apart. However, it is unlikely that the floor soil B will be made heavier by using the lightweight soil S, which is easy to mold the mat seedling 121, because the mat seedling 121 will be finished in stable quality.

Therefore, the soil S for raising seedlings of densely sown seedlings is formed as follows.

As shown in FIG. 17, the lightweight soil ZL is used so that the height of the floor soil B is 18 mm or less and the specific gravity of the floor soil B is 0.7 or less. Then, as the soil covering C, a weight hilling ZH having a specific gravity of 0.9 or more is used.

By making the soil cover C that covers the surface layer of the floor soil B heavier, the floor soil B can improve the rooting of the seedlings by using the lightweight soil ZL, and the seedlings to be planted can be planted in the field with the weight of the soil cover S of the soil cover C. Can be firmly fixed to.

In addition to the above, in order to improve the growth of seedlings during raising seedlings, it is desirable that the floor soil B does not contain an excessive amount of fertilizer component F. If the fertilizer concentration in the bed soil B is high, the seedlings can absorb nutrients without growing, so that the seedlings do not grow, the strength of the bed soil B decreases, and the seedlings tend to collapse during the planting work.

Further, if the fertilizer component F in the bed soil B is small, the seedlings run out of the fertilizer component F during the growth, and there is a problem that extra time is spent until the seedlings can be planted due to poor growth.

In order to solve this problem, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the amount of the nitrogen component N used in the fertilizer component F used for the bed soil B is set to less than 300 mg / L. On the other hand, of the fertilizer component F used for soil covering C, the amount of nitrogen component N used is 360 mg / L or more.

As a result, the fertilizer concentration around the root portion can be suppressed, so that the root portion can be sufficiently extended and the strength of the mat seedling 121 in the seedling box 120 can be improved.

Further, since the fertilizer component F can be stored on the surface layer side of the floor soil B away from the root, even if the fertilizer in the deep part of the hilling S is exhausted, the fertilizer in the surface layer can be used for growth. , The growth of seedlings does not stop, and seedlings can be planted as planned.

It is conceivable that the nitrogen component N is not added to the bed soil B because the root portion does not grow well when the nitrogen component N of the fertilizer component F is nearby. This is more effective if the soil and sand have a relatively low density and the roots are easily grown in multiple directions.

However, when raising seedlings of varieties that require the specific gravity of the bed soil B and the soil covering C constituting the hilling S to be around 1.0, the roots tend to grow in a fixed direction, and the roots that grow from a single paddy Since the occupied area is smaller than before, it may be difficult for the roots to take root in the soil.

In order to solve this problem, as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, no nitrogen component N was added to the bed soil B, and 1000 mg / L or more of water-soluble phosphate P was added to the bed soil B to cover the soil. A nitrogen component N of 600 mg / L or more is added to C.

Since a large amount of phosphate P that promotes root survival is contained on the bed soil B side, the roots are easily entangled with the soil, and the strength of the mat seedling 121 is deducted.

In addition, since the nitrogen component N is contained in the soil cover C, it permeates deeply by supplying water and is used when the root grows to the surface layer side, so that it is possible to promote the growth of the whole seedling while promoting the growth of the root. it can.

When raising seedlings of paddy rice by dense sowing, since the number of paddy is large, the consumption of fertilizer component F is faster than before. Therefore, there is a problem that poor growth is likely to occur due to running out of fertilizer.

In order to solve this problem, the nitrogen fertilizer uses ammonium sulfate, which is a fast-acting ammonia nitrogen, and is covered with a coating agent. After a predetermined time, the fertilizer component F begins to permeate into the soil S. Use a mixture of slow-release fertilizers.

When the lightweight soil ZL is used, as shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 (a), a fast-acting fertilizer of 360 mg / L or more is added to the soil cover C, and 100 to 500 mg of coated fertilizer FC is used for the floor soil B.

On the other hand, when using the normal weight hilling ZH, as shown in FIG. 23 (b), 300 to 600 mg / L of fast-acting fertilizer is added to the soil cover C, and 100 to 800 mg of coated fertilizer FC is added to the bed soil B. Is used.

As a result, the roots of the seedlings use the fertilizer component F that permeates from the soil cover C in the initial stage of growth and extends toward the fertilizer component F in the soil cover C, so that the roots are better stretched and the mat seedlings 121 The strength of the is improved. Then, since the coating agent is eliminated from the consumption of the fertilizer component F in the soil covering C, the fertilizer component F in the bed soil B can be used for the growth of the seedlings in the fully extended roots, so that the seedlings are fertilized. It prevents poor growth due to lack.

120 seedling box
A water absorbent material B bed soil C soil cover F Fertilizer Ingredients
FS iron sulfide
L Log N Nitrogen component P Phosphate S Cultivation soil
U zeolite X clay Y fibrous Z soil quality

Claims (3)

Of the seedling raising soil (S) laid in the seedling box (120), the soil covering (C) covering the seeds contains 80% or more of soil (Z) by weight and is clayey (X) with bentonite. It contains a mixture of fibrous (Y) coconut husks in an amount of 10% or more and less than 20% by weight .
The bed soil (B) that receives the seeds contains 80% or more of soil (Z) by weight, and contains 5% or more and less than 10% of bentonite, which is clay (X), and is fibrous (Y). A mat characterized by containing 5% or more and less than 10% by weight of coconut husk, zeolite (U) by about 5% by weight, and adding an acrylic acid-based polymer as a water-absorbing material (A). How to make seedlings. As the fibrous (Y) coconut husk, a log (L) is soaked in an aqueous solution of iron sulfide (FS), the seeds mixed in the log (L) are treated, and then processed into chips. The method for producing a mat seedling according to claim 1. The fertilizer added to the soil covering (C) contains a nitrogen component (N) as a fertilizer component (F), and contains
Claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the fertilizer added to the bed soil (B) contains a phosphate (P) as a fertilizer component (F) and does not contain a nitrogen component (N). The method for producing mat seedlings according to.