JP2023125418A - Seedling-raising culture soil - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a seedling-raising culture soil that can secure the strength of a root ball necessary in a transplantation work while sufficiently securing a space between grains of culture soil in which a root part of a seedling grows.SOLUTION: Provided is a seedling-raising culture soil in which culture soil S is laid in a seedling-raising container 2, and root parts of a seedling to be raised are allowed to run throughout the culture soil S to form a root ball. In the culture soil S, original soil M sterilized by heating by 40% on a weight ratio and a secondary material Am blended so as to balance water holding ability and draining ability by 60% on a weight ratio are blended, the specific gravity of the culture soil S is set to 0.55 to 0.65, the seedling-raising container 2 using the culture soil S has 448 cells, and the culture soil S is used by 0.85 to 1 kg on the weight and 1.5 to 1.65 liters on the volume for one seedling-raising container 2.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

This invention belongs to the technical field of soil for raising seedlings.

500 to 1000 mg of slow-release nitrogen is added per liter to the soil used to grow thin seedlings such as onions, and the seedling container filled with this soil is placed away from the floor, allowing the roots to hang down below the container. There is a technique for cultivating seedlings in which the roots are allowed to grow and the elongated roots are removed before transplanting (see Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2021-52690

By allowing the roots of the seedlings to hang down from the seedling container, the roots of the seedlings are less susceptible to stress and can grow stronger.

In addition, by cutting off the elongated roots immediately before transplanting, when planting the seedlings using a transplanter, it is possible to prevent planting errors such as the elongated seedlings getting caught in the planting hopper.

Furthermore, by adding a slow-release nitrogen component to the soil, it is possible to prepare the nitrogen component that provides nutrition for the growth of the seedlings once the seedlings have grown to a certain extent, thereby stabilizing the growth of the seedlings.

However, depending on the ingredients that make up the soil, if the spacing between the particles in the soil is narrow, or if a small amount of soil is compacted, the roots will not be able to spread their roots freely within the soil. It may grow in a curling manner. When such so-called root curling occurs, the strength of the root ball becomes uneven, which may cause the root ball to collapse during transplanting, making it impossible to plant.

Also, if the amount of soil is large and soft, the roots will grow freely and enter the soil of adjacent seedlings, causing the roots to become intertwined with each other, making it necessary to tear the roots apart when transplanting. , causing unnecessary damage and stress to the seedlings before transplanting, which may adversely affect growth.

An object of the present invention is to provide a seedling growing soil that can secure enough space between the particles of the soil in which the roots of the seedlings grow, and at the same time ensure the strength of the root ball required during transplanting work.

In order to solve the above problem, the following technical measures were taken.

The invention according to claim 1 is a seedling raising soil in which a soil (S) is laid in a seedling raising container (2) and the roots of the seedlings are spread within the soil (S), wherein the said cultivation soil (S) is made of raw soil (M). 40% by weight, and 60% by weight of auxiliary material (Am), which is blended to balance water retention and drainage, and the specific gravity of the soil (S) is 0.55 to 0.65. This is a seedling growing soil with the following characteristics.

In the invention according to claim 2, the seedling growing container (2) using the cultivation soil (S) has 448 cells, and the cultivation soil (S) has a weight of 0.85 to 1 kg and a volume of 448 cells. The seedling growing soil according to claim 1, characterized in that 1.5 to 1.65 liters is used.

The invention according to claim 3 is a seedling raising soil in which a soil (S) is laid in a seedling raising container (2) and the roots of the seedlings are spread within the soil (S), wherein the said cultivation soil (S) is made of raw soil (M). 10 to 20% by weight, peat moss (Pm) as an auxiliary material (Am) 50 to 70% by weight, and vermiculite (Vc), perlite (Pl) and sizing agent (G) by weight. The seedling growing soil is characterized by containing 10 to 40% of the soil and having a specific gravity of 0.25 to 0.35.

The invention according to claim 4 is a seedling raising soil in which a soil (S) is laid in a seedling raising container (2) and the roots of the seedlings are spread within the soil (S), wherein the said cultivation soil (S) is an auxiliary material (Am). 50% by weight of peat moss (Pm), 5 to 20% by weight of collected dust (Vp), and raw soil (M), perlite (Pl) as auxiliary material (Am), etc. The seedling growing soil is characterized by containing 30 to 45% by weight, adding 5 to 10 g of zeolite (Zr) per liter of volume, and adding 500 to 1000 mg of nitrogen liquid fertilizer (N) per liter of volume. .

According to the invention of claim 1, by increasing the blending ratio of the auxiliary material (AM) that is lighter than the base soil (M) and setting the specific gravity of the soil (S) to 0.55 to 0.65, the soil (S) Since there is a space within the container for the roots to grow downwards in the seedling container (2), there is no possibility of root curling within the soil (S) or entanglement of the roots with seedlings grown in adjacent cells, resulting in a single plant. This prevents the seedlings from becoming difficult to remove.

According to the invention of claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, the seedling growing container (2) having 448 cells has a weight of 0.85 to 1 kg and a volume of 1.5 to 1.65. When liters of soil (S) are evenly poured into each cell, the supply amount of soil (S) is suitable for the growth of one seedling.

According to the invention of claim 3, by adding 50 to 70% by weight of peat moss (Pm), which is lightweight and has many voids, the roots can be kept within the soil (S) even if the glue (G) is added to the soil. Since the seedlings can easily grow downward in the seedling raising container (2), it is possible to prevent root curling or floating seedlings from occurring during seedling raising, which would prevent negative effects during transplanting.

According to the invention of claim 4, by using the collected dust (Vp) generated when refining the material for the soil (S), the soil (S) can be made lighter and waste materials can be used. The manufacturing cost of the soil (S) is reduced.

In addition, by adding zeolite (Zr), the surfactant effect prevents the glue (G) from clumping and unevenly existing in the soil (S), making the soil (S) less likely to hinder root elongation. ).

Furthermore, by adding nitrogen liquid fertilizer (N), the nutrients absorbed from the roots when the seedlings grow in the soil (S) increase, so that the growth of the seedlings becomes stable.

Side view showing the seeding machine Plan view showing the seeding machine Plan view showing the main parts of the seedling box supply device Side view showing the main parts of the seedling box supply device Perspective view showing the lower support plate, upper support plate, and drop plate Main part side view showing a seeding delivery roller equipped with a hole punching protrusion of the seeding device A side view of a main part showing a seeding delivery roller equipped with a hole punching protrusion of a seeding device of another configuration example Graph showing the ratio of the constituent materials of the soil Side view showing the position of spreading organic fertilizer during transportation of seedling boxes Graph showing the ratio of the constituent materials of the soil in different configuration examples Graph showing the ratio of the constituent materials of the soil in different configuration examples

One embodiment of this invention will be described below. Note that the following embodiment is just one embodiment, and does not limit the scope of the claims.

First, a seeding machine 1 that performs soil filling, sowing, and covering with soil will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.

The seeding machine 1 is equipped with a conveyance path 3 that conveys seedling raising boxes 2 in one direction, and is supported on the conveyance path 3 and sequentially feeds seedling boxes 2 upward and downward into a plurality of sheets along the conveyance path 3 from the upper side of the conveyance path 3. A seedling box feeding device 4 that sequentially feeds the stacked seedling growing boxes 2 from the bottom and feeding them onto the transport path 3, a bed soil filling device 6 that fills the seedling growing boxes 2 with bed soil, and a seedling growing box 2 filled with bed soil. A watering device 29 for watering, a sowing device 7 for sowing seeds in the seedling growing box 2, and a soil covering device 8 for covering the seedling growing box 2 with soil are provided.

Each of the seedling box feeding device 4, the bed soil packing device 6, the seeding device 7, and the soil covering device 8 is equipped with four legs 9, front, rear, left, and right so that it can be installed independently from other devices. 10 is supported.

Furthermore, wheels 12 that can be projected downward from the lower ends of the legs 10 are attached to the left and right legs 10 on the front side of the soil covering device 8 via arms 11 that rotate up and down. By protruding downward to lift the seeding machine 1 and lifting the other leg part 9 off the ground, the seeding machine 1 can be easily moved.

The conveyance path 3 is composed of left and right conveyance guides 15, and is configured to convey the seedling growing box 2 with its longitudinal direction directed forward and backward between the left and right conveyance guides 15. The conveyor path 3 includes, as conveyors to be driven, a seedling box supply section conveyor 16, which is a belt-type seedling box conveyor, a bed filling section conveyor 17, and a seeding section conveyor, which is a roller-type seedling box conveyor. 18 and a soil covering section conveyor 28.

As a roller-type conveyor that rotates freely without being driven, a pre-bed filling conveyor 62 is provided between the seedling box supply section conveyor 16 and the bed soil packing section conveyor 17. An irrigation section conveyor 63 is provided between the section conveyor 18, a pre-covering conveyor 64 is provided between the sowing section conveyor 18 and the soil covering section conveyor 28, and a seedling box takeout conveyor 75 is provided behind the soil covering section conveyor 28. It is set up.

The seedling raising box feeding device 4 includes a lower receiving plate 34 that receives from below a group of seedling raising boxes stacked vertically in a plurality of sheets, and an upper receiving plate 34 that receives the second seedling raising box 2 from the bottom of the group of seedling raising boxes from below. It is equipped with a plate 35 and a dropping plate 36 that forcefully drops the lowest seedling growing box 2 of the group of seedling growing boxes, and the group of seedling growing boxes that have been manually supplied onto the upper receiving plate 35 are first placed on the lower receiving plate 34. Taking over, while supporting the upper seedling growing box 2 from the second seedling growing box 2 from the bottom of the seedling growing box group with the upper support plate 35, release the support of the lowest seedling growing box 2 of the seedling growing box group by the lower support plate 34. In this state, the dropping plate 36 pushes the lowest seedling box 2 downward from the top to separate it from the group of seedling boxes, drop it, and feed it onto the seedling box supply section transport conveyor 16. This operation process will be described below. By repeating this process, the seedling growing boxes 2 on the lower side of the group of seedling growing boxes are sequentially supplied onto the conveyor 16 of the seedling growing box supply section.

The lower receiving plate 34, the upper receiving plate 35, and the dropping plate 36 are each provided at four locations on the front, rear, left, and right sides of the seedling box group so that the parts that act on the seedling box group do not overlap in the front and rear directions. It acts from the left and right outside of the seedling box supply section and is linked to the operation of the seedling box supply section transport conveyor 16, so that a gap is created between the first supplied seedling box 2 and the next supplied seedling box 2 on the seedling box supply section transport conveyor 16. It operates to prevent this from occurring.

To explain the transmission structure, power is transmitted from an output sprocket 95 provided on the seedling box supply motor 94 to a conveyance transmission chain 96 and a drive sprocket 38, and is transmitted to the seedling box via a roller 37 on the upper side of the conveyance side that rotates integrally with the drive sprocket 38. The supply section conveyor 16 is driven.

Then, power is transmitted from the drive sprocket 38 to the first counter shaft 41 via the chain 39 and the driven sprocket 40, and from the drive sprocket 42 that rotates integrally with the first counter shaft 41, to the chain 43, the driven sprocket 44, and the one-way clutch. is transmitted to the second counter shaft 45 via the drive bevel gear 46 provided at both left and right ends of the second counter shaft 45, and drives the left and right drop shafts 48 in opposite directions through the driven bevel gear 47. Rotate. The drop shaft 48 and the drop plate 36 rotate together, and the drop plate 36 rotates in a direction that moves downward on the left and right sides.

Further, each receiving plate shaft 52 located above the dropping shaft 48 is swung within a predetermined angle range from the other end of the dropping shaft 48 via the arms 49, 51, links 50, etc. The lower receiving plate 34 and the upper receiving plate 35 that rotate integrally with the board shaft 52 are swung, and the lower receiving plate 34 and the upper receiving plate 35 are made to act alternately on the seedling-growing box group, so that the seedling-growing box group is sequentially lowered. .

In addition, a manual supply lever 53 is provided as a manual supply operation tool for manually rotating the second counter shaft 45, and the manual supply lever 53 allows the operator to arbitrarily place the seedling box supply section on the transport conveyor 16. The seedling raising box 2 can be dropped and supplied.

The bed soil filling device 6 includes a bed soil tank 54 that stores the soil S serving as the bed soil, and a bed soil delivery tool that dispenses a predetermined amount of the bed soil in the bed soil tank 54 and drops it into the seedling growing box 2. A leveling brush 19 serves as a leveling tool for leveling the bed soil overflowing on the seedling raising box 2, and a bed soil compacting tool penetrates into the seedling raising box 2 and compacts the bed soil. It is equipped with a bed soil compaction roller 57 and a bed soil amount adjustment lever that is a bed soil amount adjuster that adjusts the gap on the bed soil delivery belt 55 to change and adjust the amount of bed soil delivered. A leveling brush 19 is located on the transporting side of the bed filling position on the transport path 3 that supplies soil, and a bed soil pressing roller 57 is located on the transporting side of the leveling brush 19.

To explain the transmission structure of the soil filling device 6, a soil dispensing belt 55 is driven by the soil dispensing motor 20, and a leveling brush 19 is driven from the soil dispensing belt 55 via a gear transmission mechanism. In addition, power is transmitted from an output sprocket 97 provided on the floor filling conveyance motor 21 to a drive sprocket 60 via a conveyance transmission chain 59, and a roller 61 on the lower side of conveyance that rotates integrally with the drive sprocket 60 drives the floor earth filling section conveyor. 17. Note that the leveling brush 19 and the soil delivery belt 55 are configured to rotate in opposite directions.

Note that a configuration may be adopted in which the drive of either the bed soil delivery motor 20 or the bed soil filling conveyance motor 21 transmits the power to the bed soil delivery belt 55, the leveling brush 19, and the bed soil filling portion transport conveyor 17.

As shown in FIG. 6, the seeding device 7 includes a regulating plate 68b provided at the bottom of the seed tank 68, and feeds out a predetermined amount of seeds to the outlet, and then feeds the seeds into the grooves of the seeding feed roller 69, which rotates counterclockwise. Excess seeds adhering to the surface of the seeding and feeding roller 69 are dropped by the first brush 68d. On the outer peripheral edge of the seeding feed roller 69, hole protrusions 69a, into which the seeds enter by contacting the soil of the seedling tray 2, are provided at predetermined intervals in the left-right direction and at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. It is formed. The predetermined intervals in the left-right direction and the predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction correspond to the predetermined intervals in the left-right direction and the predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of the plurality of seedling growing cells 121 that constitute the seedling tray 2.

A rotary brush 68e is elastically pressed against the upper part of the sowing roller 69 by a spring, and seeds overflowing from the groove of the sowing roller 69 are removed and collected in the seed storage tank 68f. Seeds are sown from the downwardly rotated concave groove into the bed soil of the seedling tray 2 being transported.

In addition, a fixed falling brush 70 is provided between the sowing position of the sowing feed roller 69 and the seed take-in position to scrape off seeds that could not be sown onto the soil floor of the seedling tray 2, thereby improving sowing accuracy and reducing moisture. Aim to improve seed sowing accuracy.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, a second falling brush 68g that rotates between the seeding position and the seed taking-in position of the seeding feed roller 69 is provided, and the outer periphery of the second falling brush 68g is attached to the outer periphery of the seeding feeding roller 69. The second falling brush 68g may be rotated by the sowing roller 69 in contact with the second falling brush 68g, and the remaining seeds may be dropped.

The seeding device 7 also includes a seed supply adjustment handle 72 that serves as a seed supply adjustment device that adjusts the gap at the exit of the seed tank 68 facing the sowing delivery roller 69 to change and adjust the state of supply of seeds to the seeding delivery roller 69. Be prepared.

Therefore, seeds are supplied from the outlet of the seed tank 68 adjusted by the seed supply adjustment handle 72 to the feeding groove of the seeding feeding roller 69, and the feeding groove is moved upward by the rotation of the seeding feeding roller 69, thereby causing the feeding. A predetermined amount of seeds are transferred in the groove, and seeds unsuitable for sowing, such as seeds with awns and stems, and seeds with overly elongated buds, are removed from the feeding groove. It is configured to move downward and drop and supply seeds to the seedling nursery box 2 at the bottom dead center position (sowing position H).

Generally, the feeding grooves of the seed feeding roller 69 are long grooves in the left-right direction (in the direction of the rotational axis of the seed feeding roller 69), and are arranged in plural on the outer periphery of the seed feeding roller 69. When sowing seeds into the seedling raising box 2 with the rice seeds in the same direction so that the longitudinal direction (longer diameter part) of the seed rice faces the longitudinal direction of the seedling raising box 2, the feeding groove of the seeding feeding roller 69 should be aligned in the front-rear direction (seeding feeding roller 69). If the configuration is such that a plurality of long grooves are arranged on the left and right in the direction of the outer circumferential rotation of the seed rice, the longitudinal direction (longer diameter portion) of the seed rice is along the direction of the feeding groove (front-back direction), and the seed rice can be sown in a desired direction.

In addition, when lightly pressing the rice seed against the bed soil immediately after sowing, a configuration may be adopted in which a pressing roller is provided immediately after the seeding position H and the pressing roller presses the seed rice.

To explain the transmission structure of the seeding device 7, power is transmitted from an output sprocket 66 provided on the seeding motor 65 to a seeding delivery roller 69 via a delivery transmission chain 67, and from the output sprocket 66 to a first removal chain 73 and a second removal chain. 74 to the removing brush 70, and from the output sprocket 66 to the conveyance transmission chain 71 to the roller 75 on the lower conveyance side of the seeding section conveyor 18, and from the roller 75 on the lower conveyance side to the chain 77. The transmission is then transmitted to the roller 76 on the upper side of the conveyor. Note that there is a sowing position H between the roller 76 on the upper side of conveyance and the roller 75 on the lower side of conveyance, where the sowing feed roller 69 feeds and supplies seeds. Note that the first removal chain 73 and the conveying power transmission chain 71 are wound so as to intersect with each other in a side view so that the removing brush 70, the seeding unit conveyor 18, and the seeding delivery roller 69 rotate in opposite directions. Note that a guide body is provided between the position of the removal brush 70 and the sowing position on the outer peripheral portion of the seed-feeding roller 69 to cover the feed-out groove so that the seeds do not fall out from the feed-out groove.

The soil covering device 8 includes a soil covering tank 84 that stores the soil S serving as the covering soil, and a covering soil feeder that serves as a covering soil feeding device that feeds out a predetermined amount of the covering soil in the soil covering tank 84 and drops it into the seedling raising box 2 at the soil covering position. A belt 85, a leveling plate 86 that serves as a leveling tool for leveling the covering soil overflowing on the seedling raising box 2, and a covering soil that serves as a covering soil amount adjusting device that adjusts the gap on the covering soil delivery belt 85 to change and adjust the amount of covering soil delivered. A leveling plate 86 is provided with a quantity adjustment lever, and is located on the conveying side of the soil covering position on the conveying path 3 where the soil covering belt 85 supplies the covering soil. To explain the transmission structure of the soil-covering device 8, a soil-covering motor 78 drives a soil-covering belt 85, and a roller on the lower conveyance side of the soil-covering portion conveyor 28 is transmitted from an output sprocket 79 provided on the soil-covering motor 78 via a conveyance transmission chain 80. 81, and is transmitted from the roller 81 on the lower side of conveyance to the roller 82 on the upper side of conveyance via chain 98. Note that there is a soil-covering position between the roller 82 on the upper side of conveyance and the roller 81 on the lower side of conveyance. In order to rotate the soil covering conveyor belt 85 and the soil covering conveyor 28 in opposite directions, the conveyance transmission chain 80 is wound so as to intersect with each other when viewed from the side.

A manual conveyance handle 92 serving as an operating tool for manually rotating the seedling box conveyor is held on the front leg portion 10 of the soil covering device 8 via a hook 93. With this manual transport handle 92, when the sowing machine 1 stops due to a failure during sowing with the sowing device 7, or when the sowing machine 1 is stopped to finish the sowing work, the seedling raising box 2 can be manually moved. The seedling raising box 2 can be easily taken out from the seeding machine 1 by transport.

The irrigation device 29 is provided above the irrigation section conveyor 63, is provided with left and right support frames 100 rising from the left and right conveyance guides 15 of the irrigation section conveyor 63, and has a plurality of nozzles arranged on the left and right, and is an irrigation system extending left and right. A pipe 99 is supported on both sides by left and right support frames 100. The irrigation pipe 99, that is, the irrigation position, is arranged at a position near the top of the transportation section of the irrigation section conveyor 63.

Each of the pre-bed soil filling conveyor 62, the irrigation section conveyor 63, the pre-covering conveyor 64, and the seedling box removal conveyor 75 has a fitting that fits into the upper and lower conveyance devices at the front and rear ends of the left and right conveyance guides 15. The mating member 101 is provided so that it can be independently attached to and detached from the main body of the seeding machine 1. Therefore, by assembling the irrigation section conveyor 63 between the seeding device 7 and the soil covering device 8, the irrigation device 29 can be arranged between the seeding device 7 and the soil covering device 8. Alternatively, by assembling the irrigation unit conveyor 63 to the rear side of the soil covering device 8, watering can be performed after covering the soil.

When disposing the irrigation device 29 between the seeding device 7 and the soil covering device 8, the pre-soil covering conveyor 64 is assembled to the rear side of the irrigation section conveyor 63 so that a sufficient distance between the irrigation device 29 and the soil covering device 8 is obtained. Alternatively, it is desirable to replace the pre-covering conveyor 64 installed at the rear of the irrigation device 29 with a longer conveyor. As a result, even if rice soil with poor water absorption is used for the bedding soil, the water from the irrigation device 29 can penetrate into the bedding soil, and the soil can be covered with the water on the top of the bedding soil, so that the sown rice seeds can be covered with soil. is less likely to suffer from oxygen deficiency, resulting in a stable germination rate. Furthermore, the pre-soil-covering conveyor 64 may be configured to be extendable and retractable by comprising a non-driving roller and having a structure in which the non-driving roller can be assembled at any position. In addition, when arranging the irrigation device 29 between the bed filling device 6 and the seeding device 7, it is desirable to lengthen the conveyor between the irrigation device 29 and the seeding device 7 for the same reason as mentioned above.

The opening at the upper end of the soil covering tank 84 is located lower than the opening at the upper end of the seed tank 68, and the opening at the upper end of the bed soil tank 54 is located lower than the opening at the upper end of the soil covering tank 84. As a result, the worker must frequently supply bed soil to the bed soil tank 54 with a shovel due to the large amount used, but this work of supplying bed soil can be easily done at a low level, and the covering tank 84, which is supplied with the second highest frequency, This makes it easy to supply soil to the area. Moreover, since the opening at the upper end of the seed tank 68 is located at a high level, when performing bedding soil supply work or covering soil supply work, it is possible to prevent the bed soil or covering soil from being accidentally supplied to the seed tank 68, and the soil is By doing so, it is possible to prevent the seeding device 7 from breaking down.

The soil tank 54 is supported via a deformable elastic body 113 made of rubber, and is configured to sway under its weight each time an operator supplies soil. Thereby, the bridging phenomenon of the bed soil in the bed soil tank 54 can be prevented, and the bed soil can be paid out appropriately, especially when soil that is likely to cause the bridging phenomenon, such as paddy field soil, is used as the bed soil. Note that the worker can also shake the soil tank 54 by touching it with a shovel or the like.

In addition, when sowing in the seedling box 110 whose left and right width is smaller than the left and right width of the conveyor (less than 30 cm), as shown in FIG. A guide 112 may be attached to regulate the left and right position of the seedling growing box 110 on the conveyor. At this time, the seeds fed out by the sowing device 7 are wasted on the one side of the left and right sides, so a receiving container 111 for receiving the seeds may be placed below the sowing device 7 at a position on the one side of the left and right sides.

For small-diameter seedlings such as onions, the roots do not spread sufficiently into the soil even when the appropriate time for transplanting is reached, and the strength of the root ball is not suitable for planting with a seedling transplanter. If you try to do this, the root ball may collapse, causing problems such as the seedling not being able to be planted, or the planted seedling falling over.

One way to increase the strength of the root ball of onion seedlings is to increase the hardness of the soil itself by mixing a highly viscous soil adhesive such as sodium polyacrylate or alginic acid into the soil S when forming the soil. is possible.

However, when raising onion seedlings, if the amount of soil S put into each cell of the seedling raising container 2 is small, the roots will grow along the inner wall surface of the cells, and it is desirable that they grow straight downward. The roots may grow into the root ball.

If the roots grow so as to wrap around the inside of the root ball, the diameter of the root ball becomes undefined, and when planting with a seedling transplanter, it may get caught in a planting hopper or the like, making it impossible to plant.

On the other hand, if the amount of soil packed is increased to avoid a shortage of soil, the density of the soil will be high, making it difficult for roots to grow downwards, and so-called floating roots, which grow upwards and toward the outer periphery, will be more likely to occur. A problem arises in that the roots of the seedlings penetrate into the soil S of adjacent cells, and the roots of the seedlings eventually become intertwined.

If the roots of the seedlings are intertwined, when the seedlings are taken out from the seedling growing container 2, unnecessary seedlings are also taken out, resulting in two seedlings being planted in one place. Workers can separate seedlings before planting, but if the tangled roots are torn apart, the seedlings will be stressed, which can lead to poor growth or damping off.

To solve this problem, the soil S, which does not use soil adhesive, is made by mixing 40% by weight of raw soil M, which is made by heating and sterilizing soil collected from mountains, fields, riverbeds, etc., with an average particle size of less than 3 mm, and peat moss. It is prepared by blending auxiliary material Am, which is a blend of Pm, vermiculite Vc, and perlite Pl so as to balance water retention and drainage properties, at a weight ratio of 60%. Since the weight of the raw soil M is heavier than the auxiliary material Am, the specific gravity of the soil S created by mixing is set to 0.55 to 0.65, and the roots and leaves of the onion pass through the gaps in the soil S and elongate. Make it easier.

This soil S is assumed to have a weight of 0.85 to 1 kg and a volume of 1.5 to 1.65 liters per one seedling growing container 2 having 448 holes, that is, 448 cells.

As a result, by evenly filling the lightweight cultivating soil S into the seedling growing container 2, there is no shortage of soil to the extent that root curling occurs, and there is no excess supply of soil to the extent that floating roots occur. It is possible to stably grow seedlings suitable for transplantation using a seedling transplanter.

When cultivating different crops or varieties, the above-mentioned culture soil S may be too light and may cause root curling or floating roots. Therefore, when cultivating crops or varieties with a large number of roots, stems, and leaves, it is necessary to change the composition ratio of the soil S.

This soil S is a mixture of 55 to 60% by weight of raw soil M and 40 to 45% of auxiliary material Am, which is a mixture of peat moss Pm, vermiculite Vc, and perlite PL to balance water retention and drainage. Create it. The specific gravity of the soil S prepared by the above mixing is 0.7 to 0.75.

This culturing soil S shall be used in a weight of 1 to 1.1 kg and a volume of 1.4 to 1.5 liters per one seedling growing container 2 having 448 cells.

This makes it possible to prevent root curling and floating roots from occurring even when cultivating crops or varieties that have a large number of roots, stems, and leaves.

The above-mentioned cultivation soil S does not require the use of a soil adhesive, especially if the soil quality of the raw soil M is suitable for cultivating onion seedlings. In other words, depending on the soil quality of the original soil M, the addition of a soil adhesive becomes essential. In addition, if soil adhesives are made with naturally derived ingredients extracted from seaweed, such as alginic acid, or synthetic ingredients that are biodegradable, they will have less of an effect on the crops being cultivated, so there are no problems when using them. There isn't.

The above-mentioned cultivation soil S consists of 10 to 20% by weight of raw soil M, 50 to 70% by weight of peat moss Pm as an auxiliary material Am, and a total of 10 to 40% by weight of vermiculite Vc, perlite PL, and glue G. The specific gravity of the soil S prepared by the above mixing is 0.25 to 0.35.

If the glue G is a biodegradable polylactic acid soil adhesive, the root ball can be made lightweight and strong enough for transplanting using a seedling transplanter.

Moreover, when creating the soil S, after adding the glue G to the peat moss Pm and stirring it, it is produced by mixing materials such as the raw soil M.

As a result, the glue G is evenly attached to the fibers of the peat moss Pm, making it easier for the soil M etc. to stick to the glue G, strengthening the overall strength of the soil S, and making seedlings more suitable for transplanting. You can raise seedlings.

If only the above-mentioned sizing agent G is added, there is a risk that the sizing agent G will adhere unevenly to the peat moss Pm, so if a mixture of sizing agent G and surfactant Z is used, the sizing agent G may become lumps. This prevents the sizing agent G from adhering widely to the surface area of the peat moss Pm.

The above-mentioned cultivation soil S is lightweight, and has the advantage that it is easy to transport the seedling growing containers 2 in large quantities, and even when it is mounted on a seedling transplanter, the weight of the machine is less likely to increase, and the running and planting accuracy are less likely to deteriorate.

On the other hand, depending on the difference in crops and varieties, the specific gravity of the soil S may need to be heavy. When creating soil S with heavy specific gravity, the above soil S should be made of 20 to 40% by weight of raw soil M, and 40 to 60% by weight of peat moss Pm as an auxiliary material Am, in total by weight. It is prepared by mixing 0 to 40% of vermiculite Vc, perlite Pl, and glue G. The specific gravity of the soil S prepared by the above mixing is 0.5 to 0.8.

Note that among the materials other than the raw soil M and the peat moss Pm, the sizing agent G is preferably added in a weight ratio of 1 to 3%.

If the glue G is a biodegradable polylactic acid soil adhesive, the root ball can be made lightweight and strong enough for transplanting using a seedling transplanter.

Moreover, when creating the soil S, after adding the glue G to the peat moss Pm and stirring it, it is produced by mixing materials such as the raw soil M. Further, as described above, a surfactant may be mixed with the glue G to make it less likely to form lumps.

Seedlings, such as onion seedlings, which are generally raised by floating, in which the seedling container 2 is spaced upward from the floor surface and the roots are extended below the seedling container 2, contain ingredients that easily absorb moisture, such as glue G. If the seeds are soaked, water will be taken away from them and it will be difficult for them to germinate. In particular, when raising seedlings by floating, the volume of each cell is made small to prevent the soil S from falling from below, which limits the moisture content and tends to cause dryness during germination. , there is a problem of lower germination rate.

In order to prevent this problem from occurring, the seedling raising container 2 is filled with bedding soil, and after the seeds are sown on the bedding soil, the soil S used as the covering soil is used to cover the seeds, such as glue G or No surfactant shall be added. This prevents the seeds from being unable to absorb water due to the water supplied to the covering soil being absorbed by the glue G, thereby suppressing a decrease in germination rate.

In the above example, if the soil S has a highly permeable composition, the supplied water may easily pass through the soil cover layer and flow into the bed soil side containing the glue G. When the soil S has a highly permeable composition, it is preferable to use only vermiculite Vc as the covering soil, or separately prepare and use the soil S having a vermiculite Vc ratio of 80% or more.

Vermiculite Vc itself has many voids and can hold a large amount of water when moisture is low, and can suppress water penetration into the bed soil.

Alternatively, raw soil M that does not contain glue G or the like may be used for the covering soil. Since the original soil M has appropriate viscosity, nutrients, and water retention, it can promote seed germination.

Instead of using the glue G described above, a method may be used in which the soil S is filled with fine particles to increase the density of the soil S and increase the strength of the root ball.

Vermiculite Vc is produced by firing vermiculite, but in the process, fine powder, so-called collected dust Vp, is generated, and this collected dust Vp is disposed of as waste. However, the collected dust Vp also has the same component as the vermiculite Vc, and by mixing it into the soil S, water retention can be improved.

The soil S made using this collected dust powder Vp contains peat moss Pm at a weight ratio of 50% or more, dust collection powder Vp at a weight ratio of 5 to 20%, and a mixture of raw soil M, perlite Pl, etc. at a weight ratio of 30% or more. Produce by mixing ~45%. In addition, 5 to 10 g of zeolite Zr per liter of volume is added to this soil S to improve the strength of the roots and the strength of the root ball.

Furthermore, by adding 500 to 1000 mg of liquid nitrogen fertilizer N containing nitrogen components per liter of volume, the seedlings will not run out of nitrogen components from germination to the early stages of growth, and the growth of the seedlings will be stabilized.

2 Seedling raising container Am Auxiliary materials G Gluing agent M Soil Pl Perlite Pm Peat moss S Cultivating soil Vc Vermiculite Vp Dust collection powder Zr Zeolite

Claims (4)

In the seedling growing soil, in which a growing soil (S) is laid in a seedling growing container (2) and the roots of the seedlings are spread within the growing soil (S),
The above-mentioned cultivation soil (S) contains 40% by weight of the original soil (M) and 60% by weight of auxiliary materials (Am) which are blended to balance water retention and drainage properties. A seedling growing soil characterized by having a specific gravity of 0.55 to 0.65. The seedling growing container (2) using the cultivation soil (S) has 448 cells, and the cultivation soil (S) has a weight of 0.85 to 1 kg and a volume of 1.5 to 1.65 liters. The seedling growing soil according to claim 1, wherein the soil is used for raising seedlings. In the seedling growing soil, in which a growing soil (S) is laid in a seedling growing container (2) and the roots of the seedlings are spread within the growing soil (S),
The cultivation soil (S) contains 10 to 20% by weight of raw soil (M), 50 to 70% by weight of peat moss (Pm) as an auxiliary material (Am), and contains vermiculite (Vc) and perlite ( Pl) and sizing agent (G) are blended in a weight ratio of 10 to 40%,
A seedling cultivation soil characterized by having a specific gravity of the cultivation soil (S) of 0.25 to 0.35. In the seedling growing soil, in which a growing soil (S) is laid in a seedling growing container (2) and the roots of the seedlings are spread within the growing soil (S),
The cultivation soil (S) contains 50% by weight of peat moss (Pm) as an auxiliary material (Am), 5 to 20% by weight of collected dust (Vp), and contains raw soil (M), Contains 30 to 45% by weight of perlite (Pl) as an auxiliary material (Am),
A seedling raising soil characterized by adding 5 to 10 g of zeolite (Zr) per liter of volume and 500 to 1000 mg of nitrogen liquid fertilizer (N) per liter of volume.