RU2286050C2 - Apparatus for preparing of vitaminized feed mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, soil-free growing of fodder crops, in particular, preparing of low-component vitaminized feed mixture consisting of ground straw and grain germinated therein.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has charging device, germinating conveyor, and moistening system. Charging device has belt-type feeding and dosing unit with lateral arrangement of discharge window for feeding of grain. Feeding chamber for straw is positioned under discharge window. Height ratio of charging and discharge windows is 3:1. Moistening system has boom-type sprayers with deflector tips arranged above germinating conveyor over the entire length thereof. Drum-finger pickup positioned at the end of germinating conveyor is adapted for discharge of ready feed mixture.

EFFECT: improved water, air and heat modes for root medium, and increased volume of feeds which do not require additional processing.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to hydroponic cultivation of green feed, and is intended for the preparation of a small-component fortified feed mixture for cattle, consisting of crushed straw and grain sprouted on it.

A device is known, developed by the All-Union Institute of Agricultural Engineering, which is a horizontal belt conveyor with a perforated tape (see Korbut V., Yu. Lipov. Industrial hydroponics of green fodder cultivation. M., Selkhozmashinostroyenie, 1966, p. 81-82). From the seed receiver, the noria feeds the seed under the bactericidal lamp, from where the seeds come through a vibrating ramp to the seeder. From the hopper, the seed material enters a special equalizer, and then onto the conveyor belt. Ready food at the end of the conveyor, at the fold of the tape, exfoliates with a special puller.

The known technical solution does not provide sufficient aeration of the roots, as well as complete removal of feed from the conveyor, which leads to the loss of roots sprouted through the perforation.

Closest to the claimed invention is a device for growing green fodder from seeds on production lines (Seed bed operation in hydroponic systems, US patent No. 2971290, Cl. 47-59, publ. 02.14.1961). The production line is a conveyor with a drive drum. Perforated paper, the holes of which are smaller than the size of the seeds, is automatically placed on the bottom of the pallet, unwinding from a roll. Seeds are sown on paper from the hopper and moistened from the tank. The conveyor periodically moves on a signal from the command apparatus. The horizontal position of the flexible branch is provided by two tension rollers. A tray is mounted under the surface of the flexible tray into which the solution enters. The solution level in the pan is supported by a siphon. The grown green forage leaves the conveyor on the driven drum in the discharge hopper. Feed is removed along with perforated paper.

However, this device also does not provide sufficient aeration of the roots, which are forced to develop under anaerobic conditions, which leads to the development of algae and mold. Since the time of soaking the grain is one of the determining technological parameters, the process of soaking the grain is not well developed. In addition, due to the impossibility of separating the roots from the perforated paper, the finished product has to be fed along with it.

The objective of the invention is to improve the water, air and thermal conditions of the root habitat, as well as increasing the amount of feeding of roughage without additional treatments.

This problem is solved by a device for preparing a small-component fortified feed mixture by germinating grain on a layer of chopped straw, followed by mixing them. The main working body of the device is a conveyor-germinator mounted inside the bath. The loading device of the conveyor-germinator with chopped straw is carried out by the feeder. Grain distribution on the surface of the straw is carried out by a tape feeder-dispenser with a lateral location of the discharge window. To soak the grain, a mixture moistening system is used, including boom sprayers with deflector tips located over the germinating conveyor along its entire length. The daylight hours of 14-16 hours per day are achieved using fluorescent lamps. Unloading of the finished feed mixture from the end of the conveyor is carried out by a device made according to the principle of a drum-finger pick-up. When implementing the claimed invention can be obtained high-quality feed mixture that meets all zootechnical requirements and allows you to increase the amount of feeding of roughage without additional processing. In addition, the use of straw as a substrate improves the water and air conditions of the environment in which the roots develop, which allows to increase the yield and quality of green fodder.

The drawings show diagrams of a device for preparing a fortified feed mixture and a belt feeder-dispenser of grain, where Fig. 1 is a process diagram of an apparatus for preparing a fortified feed mixture; figure 2 is a process diagram of a tape feeder-dispenser of grain.

The device contains a bucket elevator 1, the discharge window of which is located above the storage hopper 2. Unloading of grain from the storage hopper is carried out in a belt feeder-dispenser of grain 3. Under the belt feeder-dispenser 3 in the bath there is a perforated conveyor-germinator 4. Perforation is provided using a polypropylene conveyor belt with round holes.

The bathtub is made of concrete and processed on the inside with bituminous mastics.

The width of the conveyor is taken equal to 2 m. The length of the conveyor is 10 m.

The duration of daylight hours 14-16 hours a day is achieved using fluorescent lamps 5.

To soak the grain and additionally moisten the mixture, the installation is equipped with several boom sprayers with deflector tips 6 located above the conveyor-germinator along its entire length.

Unloading of the finished feed mixture from the end of the conveyor is carried out by a device made according to the principle of a drum-finger pick-up 7. To prevent flooding of the straw layer with water on the bath, there is an overflow nozzle 8 mounted at the height of the conveyor belt of the germination conveyor 4.

The spreader conveyor in the straw loading section has a receiving chamber 9, the ratio of the height of the input and output windows of which is 3: 1. This ratio of the height of the windows makes it possible to obtain a straw layer of a given thickness and density to provide the necessary water-air regime. The output window of the receiving chamber 9 is located strictly under the discharge window 13 of the tape feeder-dispenser of grain 3.

The tape feeder-dispenser is made with a lateral variant of unloading by using one of the sides 10 as a plow unloader. The unloading board 10 is installed with some clearance from the surface of the tape 12 to divert the main part of the transported cargo from it. The edge of the bead is equipped with a rubber strip 11, which, leaning on the surface of the tape 12, shifts the remaining part of the load from it.

The installation works as follows. Grain belt bucket elevator 1 is fed into the hopper 2.

The conveyor-germinator 4 is launched and the conveyor-germinator is loaded with chopped straw. The straw passing through the receiving chamber 9 is compacted and distributed on the surface of the conveyor belt in a uniform layer.

The grain is fed from the receiving chamber and evenly distributed on the straw layer with a tape feeder-dispenser 3 with the length of the discharge window equal to the width of the perforated conveyor.

The tape feeder-dispenser is made with a lateral variant of unloading by using one of the sides 10 as a plow unloader. The unloading board 10 is installed with some clearance from the surface of the tape 12 to divert the main part of the transported cargo from it. The edge of the bead is equipped with a rubber strip 11, which, leaning on the surface of the tape 12, shifts the remaining part of the load from it. To prevent the accumulation of cargo on the vertical plane of the unloading side 10 of the tape feeder-dispenser 3, pouring through it and to maintain the layer height constant, the upper part of the feeder-dispenser is closed. To straighten the tape in the place of unloading, a support table is made of smooth steel sheet. The feeder has two operating modes to ensure compliance with the seeding rate, which is different for legumes and cereals, which is provided by changing the speed of the belt.

After filling the mixture along the entire length of the conveyor-germinator 4 stops.

Using boom sprayers 6, the grain is soaked for 10-15 minutes (barley and oats) or for 1-2 hours (rye, wheat and peas).

The process of germination of grain lasts 3 days with regular watering and without lighting. During this period, plants use capillary-suspended moisture in the straw layer.

Further development of the plants takes place with additional illumination with fluorescent lamps 5 and with the use of capillary-backed water coming from the bathtub with the roots.

After the mixture is prepared, the conveyor-germinator 4 is launched, while the discharge device 7 is turned on.

The experiments showed that straw, crushed to a size of 10-50 mm and distributed by a layer of 120-150 mm, with a density of 150-180 kg / m ³ creates all the conditions necessary for the full development of plants.

Claims (3)

1. A device for preparing a fortified feed mixture, including a loading device, a conveyor-germinator and a humidification system, in which the loading device has a belt feeder-dispenser of grain with a lateral discharge window for feeding grain, under which a receiving chamber for straw is installed, the input height ratio and the output window is 3: 1. 2. The device according to claim 1, in which the humidification system has a rod sprayer with deflector tips located above the conveyor-germinator along its entire length. 3. The device according to claim 1, in which at the end of the conveyor-germinator is installed a drum-finger picker for unloading the finished feed mixture.

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