RU2462862C2 - Device for making vitaminised feed mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely, the hydroponic cultivation of green fodder, and is intended for making low-compound vitaminised food mixture consisting of chopped straw and grains sprouted on it. The device for preparation of vitaminised food mixture comprises a loading device, conveyor-germinator and a humidification system. The device on the loading site of the conveyor-germinator is equipped with a screw dosing straw chopper, which is a horizontal cylindrical housing with two screw working bodies placed in it. Screw working bodies have the opposite direction of winding and rotation, one of which is made with a solid screw and is set inside another screw working body with a belt conveyor. The level of grinding and dispensing is regulated by butterfly valve, which changes the size of the output window. Loading the device with straw is carried out with a flight conveyer.

EFFECT: improving the quality of the final product due to a more even distribution of the chopped straw to the width of the conveyor-germinator belt, and reducing the number of support operations in the manufacturing process.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to hydroponic cultivation of green feed, and is intended for the preparation of a small component fortified feed mixture consisting of crushed straw and grain sprouted on it.

Closest to the claimed invention is a device for preparing a fortified feed mixture (patent RU 2286050 C2, published October 27, 2006, bull. No. 30), including a loading device, a conveyor-germinator and a humidification system, in which the loading device has a belt feeder-metering grain with a lateral location of the discharge window, under which a receiving chamber for straw is installed, the ratio of the input and output windows of which is 3: 1.

The disadvantages of this device are the uneven distribution of the straw layer across the width of the conveyor belt of the germinator in thickness, the presence of a large number of additional transport, transshipment and auxiliary operations, requiring specialized equipment and leading to excessive growth in energy consumption.

The aim of the invention is to reduce energy and labor costs for the preparation of fortified feed mixture by reducing the number of auxiliary operations, reducing energy consumption for chopping straw and improving the quality of the final product due to a more even distribution of the straw layer on the conveyor belt.

This problem is solved by replacing in a known device, including a loading device, a conveyor-germinator and a humidification system, a receiving chamber for straw, the ratio of the input and output windows of which is 3: 1, with a straw chopper-metering straw.

The auger chopper-straw dispenser is a horizontal cylindrical body with auger working bodies located in it. One screw working element is made with a continuous screw and installed inside another screw working element with a tape screw. Screw working bodies have opposite directions of winding and rotation.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the installation for the preparation of fortified feed mixture; figure 2 shows a horizontal longitudinal section of a straw chopper-dispenser; figure 3 is a vertical cross section of a straw chopper-dispenser.

The installation contains a bucket elevator 1 (Fig. 1), the discharge window of which is located above the storage hopper 2. Unloading of grain from the storage hopper is carried out in a belt feeder-dispenser of grain with a lateral location of the discharge window 3. Under the belt feeder-dispenser of grain 3 in the bath is perforated sprouting conveyor 4. For soaking the grain and additionally moistening the mixture, the installation is equipped with several boom sprayers with deflector tips located along the entire length of the conveyor- germinator. The feed mixture is unloaded by a device made on the principle of a drum-finger pick-up 7. For additional lighting, the installation is equipped with fluorescent lamps 5. To prevent flooding of the straw layer with water in the bath, there is an overflow pipe 8.

At the loading section of the conveyor-germinator, the installation is equipped with a screw straw chopper-dispenser 9, the loading of which is carried out by a scraper conveyor 10. The screw chopper-straw dispenser is a horizontal cylindrical body (Fig. 2) with screw working bodies located in it. One screw working element is made with a continuous screw 15 and installed inside another screw working element with a belt screw 16. The screw working bodies have opposite directions of winding and rotation. The drive shaft 14 of the tape auger working body is made hollow and rotates on the shaft 13 of the working body with a solid screw. The rotation of the working bodies is transmitted from the electric motor (not shown) through the belt drive 11. The counter direction of rotation of the working bodies is provided by a bevel gear having a common pinion gear 12 transmitting movement to the bevel wheels fixed on the shafts of both working bodies. The loading of the chopper-dispenser is carried out through the loading device 17 (Fig.3). The degree of chopping and dosing of straw is regulated by a rotary damper 18 located under the discharge window along the entire length of the chopper-dispenser.

The installation works as follows. Grain with a belt bucket elevator 1 (Fig. 1) is fed into the hopper 2. The conveyor-sprouting machine 4 is launched. The straw is scraper conveyor 10 is fed into the chopper-dispenser, where during the oncoming rotation of the screw working bodies it is crushed in the gap between them and distributed along the entire length of the body . The degree of grinding depends on the grinding time and is regulated by a rotary damper 18 (Fig. 3), which changes the size of the discharge window. She also regulates the performance of the chopper-dispenser and the degree of dosing.

The crushed straw is fed with a uniform thickness layer onto the conveyor belt of the germinator along its entire width. Grain is fed to the straw layer from the hopper with a tape feeder-dispenser 3 (Fig. 1) and is evenly distributed over the straw layer. After filling the mixture components along the entire length of the conveyor-germinator 4 stops. Using boom sprayers 6, the grain is soaked for 10 ... 15 minutes (barley and oats) or for 1 ... 2 hours (rye, wheat and peas).

The development of plants takes place with additional illumination with fluorescent lamps 5 and with the use of capillary-backed water from the bathtub with the roots. The prepared mixture is removed by a drum-finger unloading device 7 with the conveyor-germinator turned on.

The experiments showed that the use of a chopper-dispenser ensures the chopping of straw along and across the fibers to sizes of 10 ... 50 mm and uniform distribution of the straw layer 120 ... 150 mm thick along the conveyor belt of the germinator, which creates all the conditions necessary for the full development of plants.

Claims (1)

A plant for preparing a fortified feed mixture, including a loading device, a conveyor-germinator and a humidification system, characterized in that the installation on the loading section of the conveyor-germinator is equipped with a straw chopper-metering screw, which is a horizontal cylindrical body with two screw working bodies located in it, having opposite directions of winding and rotation, one of which is made with a solid screw and installed inside another screw working body with a tape screw, while the degree of grinding and dosing is regulated by a rotary damper that changes the size of the output window, and the installation of the straw is carried out by a scraper conveyor.

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