JP6444854B2 - Light-weight granular soil for paddy rice - Google Patents
Light-weight granular soil for paddy rice Download PDFInfo
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- JP6444854B2 JP6444854B2 JP2015256919A JP2015256919A JP6444854B2 JP 6444854 B2 JP6444854 B2 JP 6444854B2 JP 2015256919 A JP2015256919 A JP 2015256919A JP 2015256919 A JP2015256919 A JP 2015256919A JP 6444854 B2 JP6444854 B2 JP 6444854B2
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims description 76
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 29
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 29
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015250 liver sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238413 Octopus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218998 Salicaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005332 obsidian Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Description
本発明は、水稲に用いられる軽量培土の改良に関する。 The present invention relates to an improved lightweight soil used for paddy rice.
田植え前の水稲の播種及び育苗は、外側のサイズが６００×３００×３０ｍｍ、内側のサイズが５８０×２８０×３０ｍｍ程度の育苗箱に床土を敷き、種籾を播種後、覆土で覆い、これを苗代田に並べた状態で、或いは育苗器を用いて、所定の大きさまで成長させることにより行われる。その後、苗代田から取り出した水稲の苗は、育苗箱ごと田植機に載せられ、水田に植え付けられる。水稲の成長には所定の厚みの土（培土）が必要とされ、通常、育苗箱１つあたり、床土が約２〜２．５ｋｇ、覆土が約１〜１．２ｋｇ程度（熟練者の場合でも、合計で最低３ｋｇ程度）必要である。床土の敷設、種籾の播種及び覆土は播種機を用いて行われる。 Before paddy rice planting, seeding and raising seedlings are laid on a seedling box with an outer size of 600 x 300 x 30 mm and an inner size of about 580 x 280 x 30 mm. It is performed by growing to a predetermined size in a state where they are arranged in Nashiroda or using a nursery device. After that, the rice seedlings taken out from Nashiroda are put together with the nursery box on the rice transplanter and planted in the paddy field. For the growth of paddy rice, soil (culture soil) of a predetermined thickness is required. Usually, about 2 to 2.5 kg of floor soil and about 1 to 1.2 kg of covering soil are used per nursery box (in the case of a skilled worker) However, a minimum of about 3 kg is necessary). Laying of floor soil, sowing of seed potato and covering soil are carried out using a seeder.
育苗箱の播種機への積み降ろし、苗代田への運搬、田植機への載置等の作業は人力で行われるが、育苗箱１つ当たり４ｋｇ程度の重さがあるため、肉体的負担の大きな作業である。また、広く用いられている山土等の培土は、比重が１程度あるため、運搬や播種機のホッパーへの装入等の作業も肉体的負担が大きい。農業従事者人口の減少や農業従事者の高齢化等の事情に鑑みて、軽量な培土が求められている。 Work such as loading and unloading of seedling boxes on seeding machines, transportation to Nashiroda, and placement on rice transplanters is done manually, but the weight of the seedling boxes is about 4 kg, so there is a physical burden. It is a big work. In addition, since the cultivation soil such as mountain soil, which has been widely used, has a specific gravity of about 1, work such as transportation and insertion of a seeder into a hopper has a heavy physical burden. In light of the decrease in the population of farmers and the aging of farmers, there is a need for lightweight soil cultivation.
運搬等の負担の少ない培土として、ピートモス等の軽質のものが市販されている。しかしながら、ピートモスを含む粉末状の培土を水稲用の培土として用いる場合には、播種機の土ホッパー上で滞留しやすいため、連続供給に適しないという播種機への適応性の課題がある。また、荷重をかけると圧縮され、体積が減少するので保管時に段重ねすることができない上に、長期保管が困難であるという課題もある。そのため、在庫が困難であり、需要のピーク時に集中的に生産を行う必要があると共に、生産設備の稼働率が低くなってしまうという課題もある。また、覆土として用いた場合に、発芽時に持ち上がりが生じたり、それに伴い根上がりが生じたりしやすいという課題もある。このような場合、覆土用に比重のより大きな培土を用意する必要があり、作業性が低下するという課題も生じる。さらには、有機質を多く含むため、熱殺菌時に燃焼するおそれもある。 Light soils such as peat moss are commercially available as cultivating soils that are less burdensome to transport. However, when powdery soil containing peat moss is used as the soil for paddy rice, it tends to stay on the soil hopper of the seeder, so that there is a problem of adaptability to the seeder that it is not suitable for continuous supply. In addition, since it is compressed when a load is applied and its volume decreases, it cannot be stacked at the time of storage, and there is also a problem that long-term storage is difficult. Therefore, it is difficult to stock, and it is necessary to perform production intensively at the peak of demand, and there is a problem that the operation rate of the production facility is lowered. In addition, when used as cover soil, there is also a problem that lifting occurs at the time of germination and rooting tends to occur accordingly. In such a case, it is necessary to prepare soil having a higher specific gravity for covering soil, which causes a problem that workability is reduced. Furthermore, since it contains a lot of organic matter, it may burn during thermal sterilization.
例えば、特許文献１には、持ち運び作業が容易に行え、かつ流亡しづらく播種機械への適応性を具備し、さらに健全な育苗を可能とする水稲育苗培土として、ガラス質発泡体および少なくとも１種の他の資材を含むものが提案されており、他の資材の一例として、造粒培土、ピートモス、ココピート、バーミキュライト、パーライト、籾殻薫炭、活性炭及び木炭等の軽量資材が挙げられている。 For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a glassy foam and at least one kind as a paddy rice raising seedling soil that can be easily carried and is adaptable to a sowing machine that is not easily washed away and that enables healthy seedling raising. Other materials are proposed, and examples of other materials include lightweight materials such as granulated soil, peat moss, coco pate, vermiculite, perlite, rice husk charcoal, activated carbon, and charcoal.
作業性や、保水性、透水性及び保存性の観点から、粒状の培土が好ましい場合がある。しかしながら、バーミキュライト、ピートモス等の軽量資材を含む培土を、低い比重を保ちつつ造粒することは困難であった。 From the viewpoint of workability, water retention, water permeability, and storage stability, a granular soil may be preferable. However, it has been difficult to granulate soil containing light-weight materials such as vermiculite and peat moss while maintaining a low specific gravity.
本発明はかかる事情に鑑みてなされたもので、比重が低く、播種機への適応性にも優れ、保存性も良好であり、水稲の生育もよい水稲用の軽量粒状培土を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, a low specific gravity, excellent adaptability to sowing machine, a good storage property, to provide a lightweight granular soil for even better rice growing water rice With the goal.
前記目的に沿う本発明は、（ａ）土と、（ｂ）バーミキュライトと、（ｃ）燻炭、活性炭及びココピートからなる群より選択される１又は複数とを、それぞれ、（ａ）３０〜６０容積％、（ｂ）１０〜３０容積％、（ｃ）１０〜４０容積％の割合で含む原料混合物を、水及び水溶性高分子と混合及び造粒し、粒径１〜４．５ｍｍの粒状に成形することにより得られ、比重が０．５〜０．８であることを特徴とする水稲用の軽量粒状培土を提供することにより上記課題を解決するものである。 The present invention that meets the above-described object comprises (a) 30 to 60, (a) soil, (b) vermiculite, and (c) one or more selected from the group consisting of charcoal, activated carbon, and cocopyate, respectively. A raw material mixture containing volume%, (b) 10 to 30 volume%, and (c) 10 to 40 volume% is mixed and granulated with water and a water-soluble polymer to form particles having a particle diameter of 1 to 4.5 mm. The above-mentioned problems are solved by providing a light-weight granular soil for paddy rice, which is obtained by molding into a pad and has a specific gravity of 0.5 to 0.8.
本発明の水稲用の軽量粒状培土において、前記（ｃ）がココピートを含み、かつ界面活性剤を更に含んでいてもよい。 In the light-weight granular soil for paddy rice of the present invention, the (c) may contain a cocopyate and may further contain a surfactant.
本発明の水稲用の軽量粒状培土は、比重が低く軽量であるため運搬等が容易であり、播種機への適応性に優れ、床土にも覆土にも良好に用いられるので２種類の培土を用意する必要もない。また、本発明の水稲用の軽量粒状培土は、長期保存が可能であるため、年間を通して生産量を平準化できると共に、生産設備の稼働率を向上できる。また、本発明の水稲用の軽量粒状培土は、段重ねが可能なため、保管場所を取らない。さらに、本発明の水稲用の軽量粒状培土は保水性、透水性（排水性）のバランスがよく、種苗の生育が良好である。 The light-weight granular soil for paddy rice of the present invention has low specific gravity and is light, so it is easy to transport, etc., and is excellent in adaptability to a seeding machine, and can be used well for both floor soil and cover soil. There is no need to prepare. Moreover, since the lightweight granular soil for paddy rice of the present invention can be stored for a long period of time, the production amount can be leveled throughout the year and the operating rate of the production facility can be improved. Moreover , since the lightweight granular culture material for paddy rice of this invention can be stacked, it does not take a storage place. Furthermore, the light-weight granular soil for paddy rice of the present invention has a good balance of water retention and water permeability (drainage), and seedlings grow well.
続いて、本発明を具体化した実施の形態につき説明し、本発明の理解に供する。本発明の一実施の形態に係る水稲用の軽量粒状培土（以下、単に「軽量粒状培土」と称することがある。）は、（ａ）土（以下、「成分ａ」と称する場合がある。）と、（ｂ）バーミキュライト（以下、「成分ｂ」と称する場合がある。）と、（ｃ）燻炭、活性炭及びココピートからなる群より選択される１又は複数（以下、「成分ｃ」と称する場合がある。）とを、それぞれ、（ａ）３０〜６０容積％、（ｂ）１０〜３０容積％、（ｃ）１０〜４０容積％の割合で含む原料混合物を、水及び水溶性高分子と混合及び造粒し、粒径１〜４．５ｍｍの粒状に成形することにより得られるものであり、その比重は、０．５〜０．８である。以下、各成分、製造方法、使用方法等について説明する。 Subsequently, an embodiment of the present invention will be described to provide an understanding of the present invention. The light-weight granular soil for paddy rice according to an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “light-weight granular soil”) may be referred to as (a) soil (hereinafter referred to as “component a”). ), (B) vermiculite (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “component b”), and (c) one or more (hereinafter referred to as “component c”) selected from the group consisting of charcoal, activated carbon, and cocopyate. sometimes referred to.) and a, respectively, (a) 30 to 60 volume%, (b) 10 to 30 volume%, (c) a raw material mixture in a proportion of 10 to 40 volume%, water and a water-soluble high It is obtained by mixing and granulating with molecules and forming into granules having a particle size of 1 to 4.5 mm, and the specific gravity is 0.5 to 0.8. Hereinafter, each component, a manufacturing method, a usage method, etc. are demonstrated.
１．土（成分ａ）
軽量粒状培土の製造には、培土の製造に用いられる任意の土を特に制限なく用いることができる。軽量粒状培土の製造に用いることができる土の具体例としては、真砂土、黒ボク、赤土、褐色堆積土等が挙げられる。原料混合物に配合される成分ａ〜ｃの容積の合計に対する土の容積割合は、３０〜６０容積％であり、用いられる土の種類や粒径、他の資材の物性等に応じて前記範囲内で適宜調節される。
1. Soil (component a)
For the production of a light-weight granular soil, any soil used for the production of the soil can be used without particular limitation. Specific examples of the soil that can be used for the production of the light-weight granular cultivated soil include true sand soil, black boku, red soil, brown sedimentary soil, and the like. The volume ratio of the soil to the total volume of the components a to c blended in the raw material mixture is 30 to 60% by volume, and is within the above range depending on the kind and particle size of the soil used, the physical properties of other materials, etc. To adjust as appropriate.
２．バーミキュライト（成分ｂ）
バーミキュライトは、蛭石を加熱風化処理し、体積を１０倍以上に膨張させた多孔質の鉱物である。軽量粒状培土の製造には、任意の産地のものを特に制限なく用いることができる。原料混合物に配合される成分ａ〜ｃの容積の合計に対するバーミキュライトの容積割合は、１０〜３０容積％であり、用いられるバーミキュライトの産地や粒径、比重等の物性、他の資材の物性等に応じて前記範囲内で適宜調節される。
2. Vermiculite (component b)
Vermiculite is a porous mineral obtained by heating and weathering a meteorite and expanding the volume by 10 times or more. In the production of a light-weight granular cultivated soil, those from any production area can be used without particular limitation. The volume ratio of vermiculite with respect to the total volume of components a to c blended in the raw material mixture is 10 to 30% by volume, and the properties of vermiculite used, such as the production area, particle size, specific gravity, and other materials, etc. Accordingly, it is appropriately adjusted within the above range.
３．成分ｃ
土及びバーミキュライト以外の成分ｃとして、軽量粒状培土は、燻炭、活性炭、ピートモス、パーライト及びココピートからなる群より選択される１又は複数を、任意の組み合わせ及び割合で含んでいる。原料混合物に配合される成分ａ〜ｃの容積の合計に対する成分ｃの容積割合は、１０〜４０容積％であり、用いられるバーミキュライトの産地や粒径、比重等の物性、他の資材の物性等に応じて前記範囲内で適宜調節される。
3. Component c
As a component c other than soil and vermiculite, the light-weight granular soil contains one or more selected from the group consisting of charcoal, activated carbon, peat moss, pearlite, and cocopyte in any combination and proportion. The volume ratio of the component c to the total volume of the components a to c blended in the raw material mixture is 10 to 40 % by volume, the properties of the vermiculite used, the physical properties such as particle size and specific gravity, the physical properties of other materials, etc. Depending on the above, it is appropriately adjusted within the above range.
燻炭の具体例としては、籾殻燻炭が挙げられるが、他の炭素質原料から製造される燻炭であってもよい。活性炭の具体例としては、ヤシ殻活性炭が挙げられるが、任意の原料から製造されたものを特に制限なく、上記の容積比の範囲内で用いることができる。燻炭や活性炭以外に、粉状の木炭、竹炭等を用いることもできる。 As a specific example of firewood, rice husk firewood is mentioned, but firewood produced from other carbonaceous raw materials may be used. Specific examples of the activated carbon include coconut shell activated carbon, but those produced from any raw material can be used within the range of the above volume ratio without any particular limitation. Besides charcoal and activated carbon, powdered charcoal, bamboo charcoal and the like can also be used.
パーライトは、真珠岩、黒曜石等の原石を高温で熱処理して得られる発泡体で、軽量粒状培土の製造には、任意の原料のものを、上記の容積比の範囲内で特に制限なく用いることができる。 Perlite is a foam obtained by heat-treating raw stones such as pearlite and obsidian at high temperature. For the production of lightweight granular soil, any raw material should be used without any limitation within the above volume ratio range. Can do.
ピートモスは、蘚苔類やヤナギ等の植物が堆積し腐植化した泥炭を脱水、粉砕して得られる軽量の用土である。ココピートは、ココナッツの果実の殻に含まれる繊維を堆積及び発酵させて得られる軽量資材である。軽量粒状培土の製造には、任意の産地のピートモス及びココピートを特に制限なく、上記の容積比の範囲内で用いることができるが、ピートモス及びココピートは撥水性を有する場合があり、軽量粒状培土の保水性の低下等の原因になる場合があるが、界面活性剤を添加することにより撥水性を低下させることができる。界面活性剤としては、任意のものを特に制限なく用いることができる。 Peat moss is a lightweight soil obtained by dehydrating and pulverizing peat that has been humified by depositing plants such as bryophytes and willows. Cocopaste is a lightweight material obtained by depositing and fermenting fibers contained in coconut fruit shells. For production of lightweight granular culture, peat moss and coco pate of any production area can be used within the above range of volume ratio without particular limitation, but peat moss and coco peat may have water repellency. Although it may cause a decrease in water retention, the water repellency can be reduced by adding a surfactant. Any surfactant can be used without particular limitation.
上記の成分ａ〜ｃ以外に、軽量粒状培土の製造には、造粒時のバインダーとして水溶性高分子が用いられる。用いられる水溶性高分子の具体例としては、デンプン、ポリビニルアルコール（ＰＶＡ）等の任意の天然又は合成高分子材料が挙げられる。任意の２以上の水溶性高分子を任意の割合で混合して用いてもよい。水溶性高分子の種類、分子量、配合量等は、用いられる成分ａ〜ｃの物性等に応じ、粒状軽量培土が、栽培する植物の根張りを阻害しない程度の硬さになるよう、前記範囲内で適宜調節される。 In addition to the above components a to c, a water-soluble polymer is used as a binder during granulation for the production of a light-weight granular culture. Specific examples of the water-soluble polymer to be used include any natural or synthetic polymer material such as starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Any two or more water-soluble polymers may be mixed at an arbitrary ratio. The type, molecular weight, blending amount, and the like of the water-soluble polymer are in the above range so that the granular light-weight soil has a hardness that does not inhibit the rooting of the plant to be cultivated, depending on the physical properties of the components a to c used. Is adjusted accordingly.
その他、軽量粒状培土には、培土に用いられる任意の成分を任意の割合で用いることができる。他の成分の具体例としては、肥料、硫酸第一鉄、有機又は無機の土壌改良材等が挙げられる。 In addition, arbitrary components used for cultivation can be used in lightweight granular cultivation soil in arbitrary ratios. Specific examples of other components include fertilizer, ferrous sulfate, organic or inorganic soil conditioner, and the like.
軽量粒状培土の製造は、上記の原料に水を加え、混合して得られる原料混合物を、造粒し、熱処理（殺菌、乾燥）後冷却し、篩で粒径１〜４．５ｍｍのものを選別し、包装することにより行われる。各工程は、任意の公知の方法及び装置を用いて行うことができるが、混合及び造粒については、バーミキュライトやパーライトを破砕することのないよう、用いられる成分ａ〜ｃの物性等に応じて適宜条件を設定することが重要である。 For the production of lightweight granular soil, water is added to the above raw material, and the raw material mixture obtained by mixing is granulated, heat treated (sterilized, dried), cooled, and sieved with a particle size of 1 to 4.5 mm. This is done by sorting and packaging. Each step can be performed using any known method and apparatus, but for mixing and granulation, depending on the physical properties of the components a to c used so that vermiculite and pearlite are not crushed. It is important to set conditions appropriately.
この様にして得られた粒状軽量培土は、１〜４．５ｍｍのサイズを有する、略球状又は楕円球状等の任意の形状を有する粒状を呈しており、その比重は、０．５〜０．８である。「比重」は、かさ比重を意味し、例えば、所定の体積の容器に軽量粒状培土を取り、３回程度タッピングして充填した状態で即して得られる、質量と体積の測定値より算出される。 The granular light-weight soil thus obtained has a size of 1 to 4.5 mm and has an arbitrary shape such as a substantially spherical shape or an elliptical spherical shape, and its specific gravity is 0.5 to 0.00. 8. “Specific gravity” means bulk specific gravity. For example, it is calculated from measured values of mass and volume obtained in a state where a light granular granular soil is taken into a container of a predetermined volume and tapped about 3 times. The
軽量粒状培土は、水稲をはじめとする農業用及び園芸用植物の培土として、単独で、或いは他の資材と組み合わせて用いることができる。水稲の育苗用の培土として、育苗箱に入れた状態で用いる場合、床土及び覆土の両方に使用可能であり、その場合、合計量が２〜２．５ｋｇで、必要な容積を確保できるため、従来の培土よりも軽量である。したがって、作業性に優れている。また、稲の育成も従来の培土よりも優れている。更に、粒状に加工されているため、保存時に段重ねしても圧縮されて比重が変化することは殆どなく、ピートモス等を含む従来品よりも長期保存が可能である。 The lightweight granular soil can be used alone or in combination with other materials as a soil for agricultural and horticultural plants including paddy rice. As soil for raising rice seedlings, when used in a seedling box, it can be used for both floor soil and covering soil, and in that case, the total amount is 2 to 2.5 kg, so the necessary volume can be secured. It is lighter than conventional soil. Therefore, it is excellent in workability. Rice cultivation is also superior to conventional cultivation. Furthermore, since it is processed into a granular shape, even if it is stacked at the time of storage, it is hardly compressed and the specific gravity does not change, and it can be stored for a longer time than conventional products including peat moss.
次に、本発明の作用効果を確認するために行った実施例について説明する。
実施例１：軽量粒状培土の製造
下記の表１に示した容積比で、土（黒ボク土）、バーミキュライト、成分ｃ（籾殻燻炭、ココピート）、ポリビニルアルコール、硫酸第一鉄を配合し、水を加え混合機で混合後、得られた混合物を、パン造粒機で造粒し、篩（目開き１．５〜４．０ｍｍ）で、粒径１〜４．５ｍｍのものを分級し、１２５℃で５０分間加熱乾燥後、室温まで自然放冷した。このようにして、軽量粒状培土Ｎｏ．１〜４を得た。
Next, examples carried out for confirming the effects of the present invention will be described.
Example 1: Manufacture of lightweight granular soil In the volume ratio shown in Table 1 below, soil (black box soil), vermiculite, component c (rice husk charcoal, coco pate ), polyvinyl alcohol, and ferrous sulfate are blended. After adding water and mixing with a mixer, the resulting mixture is granulated with a bread granulator, and classified with a sieve (aperture 1.5 to 4.0 mm) with a particle size of 1 to 4.5 mm. The mixture was heated and dried at 125 ° C. for 50 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature. In this way, lightweight granular soil No. 1-4 were obtained.
実施例２：水稲の育苗試験
上記実施例１で得られた軽量粒状培土を用いて、水稲（こしひかり）の育苗試験を行った。播種機を用いて育苗箱に床土として１４００ｇの軽量粒状培土を入れ、灌水（１０００ｍＬ）後１９０ｇの種籾を播種した。その後覆土として１０００ｇの軽量粒状培土を加え、灌水（５００ｍＬ：ダコニール６００倍液）した。
Example 2: Rice seedling raising test Using the light-weight granular soil obtained in Example 1 above, a rice seedling raising test was conducted. Using a seeder, 1400 g of light granular soil was placed as a floor soil in a seedling box, and after irrigation (1000 mL), 190 g of seed meal was seeded. Thereafter, 1000 g of a light-weight granular soil was added as a covering soil, and irrigated (500 mL: Daconil 600 times solution).
灌水テストを行い、軽量粒状培土の保持水率を求めたところ、いずれについても９０％以上の高い値が得られた。そのため、育苗中の灌水頻度を減らすことができた。 An irrigation test was conducted and the water retention rate of the light-weight granular soil was determined. As a result, a high value of 90% or more was obtained in all cases. Therefore, the frequency of irrigation during raising seedlings could be reduced.
出芽時の検査では、籾及び覆土の持ち上がりやタコ足は殆ど発生していなかった。二葉期以降に、水稲の生育状況を目視で検査したが、葉の高さや根張りについても、従来品と同等以上の結果が得られた。 In the inspection at the time of emergence, there was almost no lifting of cocoons and covering soil or octopus feet. After the two-leaf stage, the growth of rice was visually inspected, and the leaf height and rooting were the same as or better than the conventional products.
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