JP6780666B2 - 窒素電池、燃料合成装置及び燃料合成方法 - Google Patents
窒素電池、燃料合成装置及び燃料合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6780666B2 JP6780666B2 JP2018029276A JP2018029276A JP6780666B2 JP 6780666 B2 JP6780666 B2 JP 6780666B2 JP 2018029276 A JP2018029276 A JP 2018029276A JP 2018029276 A JP2018029276 A JP 2018029276A JP 6780666 B2 JP6780666 B2 JP 6780666B2
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- positive electrode
- nitrogen
- negative electrode
- nitrogen battery
- silane compound
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 105
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- -1 silane compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- RCYJPSGNXVLIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenetitanium Chemical compound [S].[Ti] RCYJPSGNXVLIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007039 two-step reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Description
窒素を正極活物質とする正極と、
負極と、
シラン化合物を含有し、アルカリ金属イオンを伝導するイオン伝導媒体と、
を備えたものである。
上述した窒素電池を用いた燃料合成装置であって、
前記窒素電池の作動後に得られるシリルアミンを水で処理することにより生成するアンモニアを燃料として得るものである。
上述した窒素電池を用いた燃料合成方法であって、
前記窒素電池の作動後に得られるシリルアミンを水で処理することにより生成するアンモニアを燃料として得るものである。
正極:N2+6e-+6Me3SiCl→2N(SiMe3)3+6Cl- …式4
負極:6M→6M++6e- …式5
Me3SiCl+e-→Me3SiCl-→Me3Si・+Cl- …式6
カーボンペーパー(東レ製、TGP−H−060)を3.14cm2となるように切り取ったものを作用極(正極)とし、直径10mm、厚さ500μmのリチウム金属箔(本城金属社製)を対極(負極)として用いた。これらを用いて図4に示した窒素電池(電気化学評価セル)20Bを作製した。まず、SUS製のケーシング29に負極21を設置し、正極22との間にはリチウム伝導性の固体電解質25(OHARA製)を設置した。負極21と固体電解質25との間には、負極側イオン伝導媒体26(電解液A)を5mL注入した。電解液Aには、1Mのリチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(LiTFSI)を支持電解質とし、テトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(TEGDME)を溶媒として含む非水電解液を用いた。また、電解液Aに、更に添加剤としてのクロロトリメチルシラン(TMSCl)を1.0Mとなるように加えたものを正極側イオン伝導媒体27(電解液B)とした。固体電解質25と正極22の間に電解液Bを200μL注入した。正極22上からガスが流通可能な押さえ部材31で押し付けることにより、セルを固定した。正極22の上部には、窒素を導入可能な空間であるガス導入部28が形成されている。このようにして、正極側の非水電解液に添加剤であるTMSClを含む実験例1のリチウム窒素電池を得た。なお、図示しないが、ケーシング29は正極22と接触する上部と負極21と接触する下部とに分離可能であり、上部と下部との間に絶縁樹脂が介在している。これより、正極22と負極21とは電気的に絶縁されている。
このようにして得られた電気化学評価セルを、アスカ電子製の充放電装置(型名5V/100MA)にセットし、20℃の温度環境下において、正極と負極との間で0.063mA(20μA/cm2)の電流を流して放電電位が1.3Vとなるまで放電した。実験例1〜6、9〜11は、正極のガス導入部に窒素を導入し、実験例7、8、12〜15は、ガス導入部にArを導入し、放電を行った。
カーボンブラック(ライオン製ケッチェンブラック)と、結着材としてのポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)とを質量比で90:10で混合し、シート状に成形し、2.54cm2の面積に打ち抜いた円板状の正極を用い、負極の面積を正極と合わせた以外は、実験例1と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例2とした。放電試験は、20℃の温度条件下において、0.063mAの電流を流して放電電位が2.0Vとなるまで行った。
電極触媒としての1,3,5−ベンゼントリカルボン酸鉄(Fe2(BTD)2;アルドリッチ製BasoliteF300)と、上記カーボンブラックと、PTFEとを質量比で10:81:9で混合し、シート状に成形し、2.54cm2の面積に打ち抜いた円板状の正極を用いた以外は、実験例2と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例3とした。実験例3は、実験例2と同じ放電試験を行った。
支持電解質であるLiTFSIを0.5Mとなるように添加して作製した非水電解液を用いた以外は、実験例3と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例4とした。実験例4は、実験例3と同じ放電試験を行った。
添加剤であるTMSClを2.0Mとなるように添加して作製した非水電解液を用いた以外は、実験例4と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例5とした。実験例5は、実験例3と同じ放電試験を行った。
正極側の非水電解液に添加剤であるTMSClを加えない非水電解液を用いた以外は、実験例1と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例6とした。実験例6は、実験例1と同じ放電試験を行った。
正極側に導入するガスをArとした以外は、実験例6と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例7とした。正極側に導入するガスをArとした以外は、実験例1と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例8とした。実験例7、8は、実験例1と同様の放電試験を行った。
正極側の非水電解液に触媒としてのジクロロペンタジエニル鉄(フェロセン,東京化成製)を0.02Mとなるように添加した以外は、実験例1と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例9とした。
正極側の非水電解液にTMSClを含まないものとした以外は、実験例2と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例10とした。正極側の非水電解液にTMSClを含まないものとした以外は、実験例3と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例11とした。正極側に導入するガスをArとした以外は、実験例2と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例12とした。正極側に導入するガスをArとした以外は、実験例3と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例13とした。正極側に導入するガスをArとした以外は、実験例4と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例14とした。正極側に導入するガスをArとした以外は、実験例5と同様の構成の電気化学評価セルを実験例15とした。
図5〜13は、実験例1〜15の放電時の電圧と電池容量の変化を表すグラフである。表1に、実験例1〜15の作用極(正極)の構成、セルに導入したガス成分、正極側の非水電解液に添加した添加剤、金属触媒、電解質の濃度、放電終了電位における放電容量をまとめて示した。図5に示すように、Li非水電解液のみの実験例6、7では、放電開始電圧が1Vであり、非特許文献1で示されたものと同様の結果が得られた。一方、正極側の非水電解液にシラン化合物を添加した実験例1では、図6に示すように、放電電圧が1.5Vを超えた高い電圧で放電することができることがわかった。また、実験例1では、導入ガスをArとした実験例8に比して高い放電容量を示したため、以下の式に示す、クロロトリメチルシラン(TMSCl)の放電反応(還元反応)によるラジカル体(Me3Si・)の生成と、その後の窒素の放電反応が進行したものと推察された。
Me3SiCl+e-→Me3SiCl-→Me3Si・+Cl-
N2+6e-+6Me3SiCl→2N(SiMe3)3+6Cl-
Claims (11)
- 窒素を正極活物質とする正極と、
負極と、
シラン化合物を含有し、アルカリ金属イオンを伝導するイオン伝導媒体と、
を備えた窒素電池。 - 前記イオン伝導媒体は、前記シラン化合物としてトリアルキルシラン化合物を含有する、請求項1に記載の窒素電池。
- 前記イオン伝導媒体は、前記シラン化合物を0.5mol/L以上7.5mol/L以下の範囲で含む非水電解液である、請求項1又は2に記載の窒素電池。
- 前記正極には、遷移金属のイオンが固定化された電極触媒を有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の窒素電池。
- 前記電極触媒は、遷移金属と有機化合物とを含む金属有機構造体であり、該有機構造体は、式(1)〜(3)のいずれか1以上の構造を含む、請求項4に記載の窒素電池。
- 前記正極は、気体である窒素と前記イオン伝導媒体とが均一になる界面を有する多孔質電極である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の窒素電池。
- 前記正極は、炭素多孔質電極であり、
前記シラン化合物は、クロロトリメチルシランである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の窒素電池。 - 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の窒素電池であって、
前記アルカリ金属イオンを伝導し、前記イオン伝導媒体とは別に前記正極と前記負極との間に存在して正極側と負極側とに分割する固体電解質、を備え、
前記イオン伝導媒体には、前記正極側に存在し前記正極に接触する正極側イオン伝導媒体と、前記負極側に存在し前記負極に接触する負極側イオン伝導媒体とが含まれ、
前記正極側イオン伝導媒体に少なくとも前記シラン化合物が含まれている、窒素電池。 - 前記負極は、リチウムを吸蔵放出する前記負極活物質を有し、
前記イオン伝導媒体は、リチウムイオンを伝導する、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の窒素電池。 - 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の窒素電池を用いた燃料合成装置であって、
前記窒素電池の作動後に得られるシリルアミンを水で処理することにより生成するアンモニアを燃料として得る、燃料合成装置。 - 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の窒素電池を用いた燃料合成方法であって、
前記窒素電池の作動後に得られるシリルアミンを水で処理することにより生成するアンモニアを燃料として得る、燃料合成方法。
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