JP6775037B2 - 排ガス浄化用触媒 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化用触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6775037B2 JP6775037B2 JP2018568650A JP2018568650A JP6775037B2 JP 6775037 B2 JP6775037 B2 JP 6775037B2 JP 2018568650 A JP2018568650 A JP 2018568650A JP 2018568650 A JP2018568650 A JP 2018568650A JP 6775037 B2 JP6775037 B2 JP 6775037B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rare earth
- exhaust gas
- catalyst
- zeolite
- earth element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 179
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 124
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 233
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 116
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 109
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 90
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[La+3] YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 216
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 124
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 74
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 54
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 43
- XRWSZZJLZRKHHD-WVWIJVSJSA-N asunaprevir Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1C[C@H](CN1C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=NC=C(C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C21)OC)N[C@]1(C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2CC2)C[C@H]1C=C XRWSZZJLZRKHHD-WVWIJVSJSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229940125961 compound 24 Drugs 0.000 description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002422 La(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003921 particle size analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002800 Si–O–Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSUIQYOGTINQIN-UZFYAQMZSA-N 2-amino-9-[(1S,6R,8R,9S,10R,15R,17R,18R)-8-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-9,18-difluoro-3,12-dihydroxy-3,12-bis(sulfanylidene)-2,4,7,11,13,16-hexaoxa-3lambda5,12lambda5-diphosphatricyclo[13.2.1.06,10]octadecan-17-yl]-1H-purin-6-one Chemical compound NC1=NC2=C(N=CN2[C@@H]2O[C@@H]3COP(S)(=O)O[C@@H]4[C@@H](COP(S)(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]3F)O[C@H]([C@H]4F)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)C(=O)N1 YSUIQYOGTINQIN-UZFYAQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008051 Si-OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006358 Si—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 boroides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ce+3] UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFDKELMFCRQUSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Y] GFDKELMFCRQUSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/76—Iron group metals or copper
- B01J29/763—CHA-type, e.g. Chabazite, LZ-218
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/565—Nitrogen oxides by treating the gases with solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
-
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Description
なお、本出願は、2017年2月20日に出願された日本国特許出願特願2017−029297号および2017年11月22日に出願された日本国特許出願特願2017−224344号に基づく優先権を主張しており、その出願の全内容は本明細書中に参照として組み入れられている。
ここで開示される排ガス浄化用触媒は、基材と、該基材の表面に形成された触媒層とを備えている。
基材10としては、従来のこの種の用途に用いられる種々の素材及び形態のものを使用可能である。例えば、コージェライト、炭化ケイ素(SiC)等のセラミックス、または、ステンレス等の合金、から形成された基材を採用することができる。本実施形態において、基材10は、ハニカム構造を有するハニカム基材である。基材10は、排気ガスの流れ方向(図1および図2の矢印方向)に延び、全体の外形が筒状に形成されている。基材10は、基材全体の外形が円筒形状である。ただし、基材10の形状は特に限定されず、ハニカム形状の他に、例えばフォーム形状やペレット形状等であってもよい。また、基材全体の外形は、円筒形に代えて、例えば、楕円筒形、多角筒形等であってもよい。
ゼオライト粒子22は、基本骨格を構成する元素として、少なくともSiを含んでいる。典型的にはさらにアルミニウム(Al)を含んでいる。ゼオライト粒子22は、例えば多孔質な結晶性アルミノケイ酸塩である。ゼオライト粒子22は、例えば、ゼオライトのSiO4の四面体構造の骨格内に、Alやリン(P)等のカチオンが含有されたものであってもよい。また、ゼオライト粒子22は、例えば、基本骨格に、Si−O−AlやP−O−Al等の元素結合部分を有するものであってもよい。ゼオライト粒子22の具体例として、β型ゼオライト、シリコアルミノリン酸塩(SAPO)系ゼオライト等が例示される。
希土類元素含有化合物24は、典型的には、ランタン(La)、セリウム(Ce)、プラセオジム(Pr)、ネオジム(Nd)、サマリウム(Sm)、ユウロピウム(Eu)、ガドリニウム(Gd)、テルビウム(Tb)、ジスプロシウム(Dy)、ホルミウム(Ho)、エルビウム(Er)、ツリウム(Tm)、イッテルビウム(Yb)、ルテチウム(Lu)、イットリウム(Y)およびスカンジウム(Sc)のうちのいずれか1種または2種以上を含むことが好ましい。これらのうち、La、Ce、Pr、Yのうちのいずれかが好ましく、LaまたはCeがより好ましく、特にはLaが好ましい。
すなわち、基本骨格を構成する元素としてSiを含むゼオライト粒子22は、骨格構造の末端や表面欠陥等の端部にシラノール基(Si−OH)が多数存在する。シラノール基は親水性を示すため、ゼオライト粒子22の表面には水分が吸着しがちである。ゼオライト粒子22の表面に水分が吸着した状態で高温に晒されると、水分がゼオライトの骨格を攻撃する。そして、ゼオライト粒子22の骨格を構成するSi−O−Al等の元素結合部分が分解される。その結果、ゼオライトの骨格構造が崩壊することが考えられる。かかる骨格構造の崩壊は、触媒活性が低下する要因になると考えられる。
例えば、平均粒径が0.5μm未満の粒子については、ゼオライト粒子22の表面に対して粒子状の希土類元素含有化合物24を付着させる前の状態で、粒径の測定を行うとよい。具体的には、まず、測定対象の希土類元素含有化合物粒子24が分散しているゾル(希土類元素含有化合物濃度;10〜20%)を、適宜水で希釈し、試料を調製する。次いで、この試料にレーザ光を照射し、散乱光を検出することで粒径を測定する。言い換えれば、動的散乱法で、粒径を測定するとよい。この測定は、例えば、マルバーン製の型式「ゼータサイザー(登録商標)ナノS」を用いて行うことができる。
触媒層20を形成するにあたっては、希土類元素含有化合物24が付着したゼオライト粒子22と、適当な溶媒(例えば水)と、他の触媒層構成成分と、を含むスラリーを、基材10の表面に付与するとよい。このとき、基材10の表面とスラリーとの密着性を高める観点から、スラリーにはバインダ26を含有させてもよい。バインダとしては、例えばシリカゾルやアルミナゾル等が好ましい。スラリーの粘度は、スラリーが基材10のセル12内へ容易に流入し得るように適宜調整するとよい。基材10の表面に付与されたスラリーは、加熱乾燥の後、焼成される。このことにより、溶媒が除去される。乾燥条件は、基材10または担体の形状及び寸法により左右され得るが、概ね80〜300℃、例えば100〜250℃である。焼成条件は、概ね400〜1000℃、例えば500〜700℃である。
(1)排ガス浄化用触媒の作製
<例1>
純水251gとSiO2ゾル21gとLa2O3ゾル31gとを混合した溶液に、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)217gを混合して、15分間攪拌した。これにより、La2O3付着ゼオライト粒子のスラリーを調製した。La2O3ゾルは、ゼオライトに含まれるSiに対して、La2O3に含まれるLaの酸化物換算のモル比(La2O3/SiO2)が0.00113となる量を添加した。また、スラリーの水分量は、コージェライトハニカム基材に塗布可能なスラリー粘度となるように調整した。得られたスラリーを、Cuイオン交換ゼオライトのコート量(基材の容積1L当たりの質量)が焼成後に180g/Lとなるように、コージェライトハニカム基材に塗布した。そして、余分なスラリーを除去した後、この基材を100℃で乾燥し、500℃で1時間熱処理(焼成)した。これにより、基材の表面に触媒層を形成した。このようにして、本例に係る排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例1の純水を191g、SiO2ゾルを49g、La2O3ゾルを73g、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を208gに変更したこと以外は例1と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例1の純水を85g、SiO2ゾルを97g、La2O3ゾルを146g、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を192gに変更したこと以外は例1と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例1の純水を9.4g、SiO2ゾルを146g、La2O3ゾルを219g、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を149gに変更したこと以外は例1と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例1の純水を20g、SiO2ゾルを154g、La2O3ゾルを231g、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を115gに変更したこと以外は例1と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例1の純水を242g、La2O3ゾルを73g、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を205gに変更し、かつ、SiO2ゾルを用いなかったこと以外は例1と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例1のCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=15)に変更したこと以外は例1と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例2のCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=15)に変更したこと以外は例2と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例3のCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=15)に変更したこと以外は例3と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例4のCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=15)に変更したこと以外は例4と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例5のCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=15)に変更したこと以外は例5と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例2のCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(AEI、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)に変更したこと以外は例2と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例2のCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(AFX、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)に変更したこと以外は例2と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例1の純水を225g、SiO2ゾルを97g、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を197gに変更し、かつ、La2O3ゾルを用いなかったこと以外は例1と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例1の純水を225g、SiO2ゾルを97g、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=15)197gに変更し、かつ、La2O3ゾルを用いなかったこと以外は例1と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例14のCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(AEI、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)197gに変更したこと以外は例14と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例14のCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)を、Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(AFX、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=10)197gに変更したこと以外は例14と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
例2のLa2O3付着ゼオライト粒子の断面を、電界放出型電子線マイクロアナライザ(FE−EPMA)により測定し、各元素のマッピング分析を行った。結果を図4〜図7に示す。図4は二次電子像を、図5はSi元素のマッピング像を、図6はAl元素のマッピング像を、図7はLa元素のマッピング像を、それぞれ示す。図5に示すように、ゼオライト粒子の内部ほど、Si元素の検出量(濃度)が高かった。また、図6に示すように、ゼオライト粒子の表面と内部とで、Al元素の検出量(濃度)は概ね同等だった。これに対して、図7に示すように、例2のLa2O3付着ゼオライト粒子では、ゼオライト粒子の表面に存在するLa元素の検出量(濃度)が、該ゼオライト粒子の内部に存在するLa元素の検出量(濃度)よりも高かった。すなわち、La元素がゼオライト粒子の表面部分に偏在化していることが確認された。
例2のLa2O3付着ゼオライト粒子および例14のゼオライト粒子を、フーリエ変赤外分光光度計(FT−IR)で測定し、3750cm−1付近に観測されるシラノール基のピークを確認した。結果を図8に示す。図8に示すように、例2のLa2O3付着ゼオライト粒子は、例14のゼオライト粒子に比べて、シラノール基のピークが低減傾向を示した。この結果から、La2O3の添加によってゼオライト粒子の表面のシラノール基が減少傾向を示すことが確認された。
各例の排ガス浄化用触媒について水熱耐久性を評価した。水熱耐久性試験は、各例の排ガス浄化用触媒を10%のH2Oを含むガス雰囲気下にて750℃で30時間保持することにより行った。また、上記耐久性試験後の各排ガス浄化用触媒に対して、モデルガス(NH3=500ppm、NO=500ppm、O2=10%、H2O=5%、N2=残部)を温度200℃で流通させ、NOx浄化処理を行なった。SV(空間速度)は86000h−1とした。そして、触媒へ流入するガスのNOx濃度、および、触媒から流出するガスのNOx濃度を測定し、下記式からNOx浄化率を算出した。結果を表1、図9および図10に示す。図9は、例1〜6,14のNOx浄化率を対比するグラフである。図10は、例7〜11,15のNOx浄化率を対比するグラフである。
NOx浄化率(%)=[(触媒へ流入する総NOx量)−(触媒から流出した総NOx量)]/(触媒へ流入する総NOx量)
本例では、ゼオライト粒子の平均粒径D1および希土類元素含有化合物の平均粒径D2が浄化性能に与える影響を確認するため、以下の試験を行った。
純水216gとSiO2ゾル48gとLa2O3ゾル(La2O3含有量20%)36gとCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13)200gとを混合して、15分間攪拌した。これにより、La2O3付着ゼオライト粒子のスラリーを調製した。La2O3ゾルは、ゼオライトに含まれるSiに対して、La2O3に含まれるLaの酸化物換算のモル比(La2O3/SiO2)が0.00811となる量を添加した。また、スラリーの水分量は、コージェライトハニカム基材に塗布可能なスラリー粘度となるように調整した。得られたスラリーを、Cuイオン交換ゼオライトのコート量(基材の容積1L当たりの質量)が焼成後に180g/Lとなるように、コージェライトハニカム基材に塗布した。そして、余分なスラリーを除去した後、この基材を100℃で乾燥し、500℃で1時間熱処理(焼成)した。これにより、基材の表面に触媒層を形成した。なお、La2O3は、動的散乱法に基づく平均粒径D2が150nmのものを、ゼオライト粒子は、FE−SEMに基づく平均粒径D1が0.4μmのものを用いた。このようにして、本例に係る排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
純水180gとSiO2ゾル48gとLa2O3ゾル(La2O3含有量10%)72gとCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13)200gとを混合して15分間攪拌した。これにより、La2O3付着ゼオライト粒子のスラリーを調製した。なお、La2O3は、動的散乱法に基づく平均粒径D2が30nmのものを、ゼオライト粒子は、FE−SEMに基づく平均粒径D1が0.4μmのものを用いた。それ以外は、例18と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
純水233gとSiO2ゾル48gとLa(NO3)3・6H2O 3gとCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13)200gとを混合して15分間攪拌した。これにより、La(NO3)3付着ゼオライト粒子のスラリーを調製した。La(NO3)3・6H2Oの添加量は、焼成時にLa(NO3)3がLa2O3になると仮定した場合に、ゼオライトに含まれるSiに対して、La2O3に含まれるLaの酸化物換算のモル比(La2O3/SiO2)が0.00116となる量である。なお、La(NO3)3・6H2Oは、動的散乱法に基づく平均粒径D2が1.0nmのものを、ゼオライト粒子は、FE−SEMに基づく平均粒径D1が0.4μmのものを用いた。それ以外は、例18と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
純水233gとSiO2ゾル48gとLa(NO3)3・6H2O 10gとCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13)200gとを混合して15分間攪拌した。これにより、La(NO3)3付着ゼオライト粒子のスラリーを調製した。La(NO3)3・6H2Oの添加量は、焼成時にLa(NO3)3がLa2O3になると仮定した場合に、ゼオライトに含まれるSiに対して、La2O3に含まれるLaの酸化物換算のモル比(La2O3/SiO2)が0.00406となる量である。なお、La(NO3)3・6H2Oは、動的散乱法に基づく平均粒径D2が1.0nmのものを、ゼオライト粒子は、FE−SEMに基づく平均粒径D1が0.4μmのものを用いた。それ以外は、例18と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
本例では、例22に比べてLa(NO3)3・6H2Oの添加量が多かったため、焼成時にLa含有粒子の凝集が生じた。その結果、ゼオライト粒子に付着したLa含有粒子のFE−SEMに基づく平均粒径D2は、1.0μmとなった。
La2O3ゾルを添加しなかったこと以外は、例18と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13、平均粒径0.4μm)の代わりに、Feイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13、平均粒径0.4μm)を用いたこと以外は、例18と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13、平均粒径0.4μm)の代わりに、Feイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13、平均粒径0.4μm)を用いたこと以外は、例19と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13、平均粒径0.4μm)の代わりに、Feイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13、平均粒径0.4μm)を用いたこと以外は、例20と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13、平均粒径0.4μm)の代わりに、Feイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13、平均粒径0.4μm)を用いたこと以外は、例21と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
本例では、例25に比べてLa(NO3)3・6H2Oの添加量が多く、焼成時にLa含有粒子の凝集が生じた結果、ゼオライト粒子に付着したLa含有粒子のFE−SEMに基づく平均粒径D2は1.0μmとなった。
Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13、平均粒径0.4μm)の代わりに、Feイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=13、平均粒径0.4μm)を用いたこと以外は、例22と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
NOx浄化率(%)=[(触媒へ流入する総NOx量)−(触媒から流出した総NOx量)]/(触媒へ流入する総NOx量)
本例では、Alを多く含むゼオライト(SiO2/Al2O3=7.5)において、希土類元素含有化合物の添加量が浄化性能に与える影響を確認するため、以下の試験を行った。
純水175gとSiO2ゾル66gとLa2O3ゾル(La2O3含有量10%)26gとCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=7.5)175gとを混合して、15分間撹拌した。これにより、La2O3付着Cuゼオライト粒子のスラリーを調製した。La2O3ゾルの添加量は、ゼオライトに含まれるSiに対して、La2O3に含まれるLaの酸化物換算のモル比(La2O3/SiO2)が0.00368となる量である。また、スラリーの水分量は、コージェライトハニカム基材に塗布可能なスラリー粘度となるように調整した。得られたスラリーを、Cuイオン交換ゼオライトのコート量(基材容積1L当たりの質量)が焼成後に180g/Lとなるように、コージェライトハニカム基材に塗布した。そして、余分なスラリーを除去した後、この基材を100℃で乾燥し、500℃で1時間熱処理(焼成)した。これにより、基材の表面に触媒層を形成した。なお、La2O3は、動的散乱法に基づく平均粒径D2が40nmのものを、ゼオライト粒子は、FE−SEMに基づく平均粒径D1が0.37μmのものを用いた。このようにして、本例に係る排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
純水222gとSiO2ゾル42gとLa2O3ゾル(La2O3含有量10%)61gと Cuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=7.5)175gとを混合して、15分間撹拌した。これにより、La2O3付着Cuゼオライト粒子のスラリーを調製した。La2O3ゾルの添加量は、ゼオライトに含まれるSiに対して、La2O3に含まれるLaの酸化物換算のモル比(La2O3/SiO2)が0.00858となる量である。それ以外は例28と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
純水134gとSiO2ゾル70gとLa2O3ゾル(La2O3含有量10%)102gとCuイオン交換ゼオライト(CHA構造、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比=7.5)180gとを混合して、15分間撹拌した。これにより、La2O3付着Cuゼオライト粒子のスラリーを調製した。La2O3ゾルの添加量は、ゼオライトに含まれるSiに対して、La2O3に含まれるLaの酸化物換算のモル比(La2O3/SiO2)が0.01384となる量である。それ以外は例28と同じ手順で排ガス浄化用触媒を作製した。
La2O3ゾルを添加しなかったこと以外は、例28と同じ手順で排カ゛ス浄化用触媒を作製した。
NOx浄化率(%)=[(触媒へ流入する総NOx量)−(触媒から流出した総NOx量)]/(触媒へ流入する総NOx量)
また、試験例1の例1〜4、6〜10と試験例3の例28〜30との比較から、ゼオライトのSiO2/Al2O3のモル比を7〜10とした例28〜30では、耐久後のNOx浄化率でより良好な結果が得られていた。この理由としては、例えば、Cuの担持量が多くなったことで触媒としての活性点が増えたことや、アンモニアの吸着量が増えたことが考えられる。
20 触媒層
22 ゼオライト粒子
24 希土類元素含有化合物
26 バインダ
100 排ガス浄化用触媒
Claims (9)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に配置され、前記内燃機関から排出される排ガスを浄化する排ガス浄化用触媒であって、
基材と、前記基材の表面に形成された触媒層と、を備え、
前記触媒層は、金属を担持したゼオライト粒子と、希土類元素を含む希土類元素含有化合物と、を含み、
前記希土類元素含有化合物は、前記ゼオライト粒子の表面に付着しており、
前記希土類元素含有化合物の含有量は、前記ゼオライト粒子に含まれるSiに対する前記希土類元素のモル比が、酸化物換算で、0.001〜0.014となる量であり、
前記ゼオライト粒子の平均粒径D1と、前記希土類元素含有化合物の平均粒径D2との関係が、次式:0.005<(D2/D1)<0.5;を満たす、
排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記希土類元素含有化合物の平均粒径D2が、100nm以下である、
請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 電子線マイクロアナライザ(EPMA:Electron Probe Micro Analyzer)で、前記ゼオライト粒子の断面における前記希土類元素の量を測定したときに、前記ゼオライト粒子の表面に存在する前記希土類元素の量が、前記ゼオライト粒子の内部に存在する前記希土類元素の量よりも多い、
請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記希土類元素含有化合物が、酸化ランタンおよび水酸化ランタンのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、
請求項1〜3の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記ゼオライト粒子に担持された金属が、CuまたはFeである、
請求項1〜4の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記ゼオライト粒子は、SiとAlとの酸化物換算のモル比(SiO2/Al2O3)が、5以上20以下である、
請求項1〜5の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記ゼオライト粒子が、国際ゼオライト学会(IZA:International Zeolite Association)の定める構造コードで、CHA、AFX、AEI、LTAおよびBEAのうちの少なくとも1種のゼオライトを含む、
請求項1〜6の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 請求項1〜7の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒と、
前記排ガス浄化用触媒よりも前記排気通路の上流側で、アンモニアを生成するための還元剤を、前記排ガスに対して供給する還元剤供給機構と、
を備えた、排ガス浄化装置。 - 排ガス浄化用触媒に用いられる触媒体であって、
金属を担持したゼオライト粒子と、希土類元素を含む希土類元素含有化合物と、を含み、
前記希土類元素含有化合物は、前記ゼオライト粒子の表面に付着しており、
前記希土類元素含有化合物の含有量は、前記ゼオライト粒子に含まれるSiに対する前記希土類元素のモル比が、酸化物換算で、0.001〜0.014となる量であり、
前記ゼオライト粒子の平均粒径D1と、前記希土類元素含有化合物の平均粒径D2との関係が、次式:0.005<(D2/D1)<0.5;を満たす、触媒体。
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US11202991B2 (en) | 2021-12-21 |
US20220040635A1 (en) | 2022-02-10 |
US11701615B2 (en) | 2023-07-18 |
EP3574995A1 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
US20220040636A1 (en) | 2022-02-10 |
EP3574995A4 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
US20200047119A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
WO2018151289A1 (ja) | 2018-08-23 |
EP3574995B1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
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