JP6755315B2 - 高コンシステンシーの酵素フィブリル化ナノセルロースからフィルムを製造する方法 - Google Patents
高コンシステンシーの酵素フィブリル化ナノセルロースからフィルムを製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6755315B2 JP6755315B2 JP2018532240A JP2018532240A JP6755315B2 JP 6755315 B2 JP6755315 B2 JP 6755315B2 JP 2018532240 A JP2018532240 A JP 2018532240A JP 2018532240 A JP2018532240 A JP 2018532240A JP 6755315 B2 JP6755315 B2 JP 6755315B2
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- 229920001046 Nanocellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims description 16
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 title claims description 11
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 206010061592 cardiac fibrillation Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002600 fibrillogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920013724 bio-based polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004100 electronic packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009778 extrusion testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009996 mechanical pre-treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000807 solvent casting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
- D21C5/005—Treatment of cellulose-containing material with microorganisms or enzymes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/18—Highly hydrated, swollen or fibrillatable fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/20—Chemically or biochemically modified fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/25—Cellulose
- D21H17/26—Ethers thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/31—Gums
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/36—Polyalkenyalcohols; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/16—Applications used for films
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
原材料と添加剤とを混合し、繊維ウェブを形成する;
繊維ウェブを金属基材上に置く;
金属基材上の繊維ウェブを乾燥させ、フィルム材料を形成する;
フィルム材料を金属基材から離層させる;
ロール上にフィルム材料を巻き直す;および
フィルム材料をロールからカレンダー加工し、所望の厚さを有するフィルムを形成する。
漂白針葉樹パルプを原材料として使用して、フィブリル化セルロースを特許出願WO2015/092146に記載されているように25%のコンシステンシーで酵素的に調製した。フィブリル化後、酵素活性を、温度を90℃まで20分間上昇させることによって阻害した。その後、前記材料を濾過し、脱イオン水で完全に洗浄した。洗浄後、フィブリル化セルロースのコンシステンシーは典型的には20%から24%であった。
漂白針葉樹パルプを原材料として使用して、フィブリル化セルロースを特許出願WO2015/092146に記載されているように25%のコンシステンシーで酵素的に調製した。フィブリル化後、酵素活性を、温度を90℃まで20分間上昇させることによって阻害した。その後、前記材料を濾過し、脱イオン水で完全に洗浄した。洗浄後、フィブリル化セルロースのコンシステンシーは典型的には20%から24%であった。フィルム形態への押出しに適したフィブリル化セルロース材料を得るために、様々なバイオベースの添加剤を試験した。これらは以下を含む:
カルボキシメチル化セルロース(CMC)
カラギーナン
ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)
TEMPO-酸化セルロースナノフィブリル(TCNF)
押出試験は、実施例2に記載した改質セルロース材料について、1本のシャフト(図1)およびありつぎのオリフィスを備えたブラベンダー社の押出機を用いて行った。押出しは、25℃および101/分の回転速度で行った。押出しの間、改質フィブリル化セルロースの固形分濃度は、典型的には19%から20%であった。
実施例1に記載した手順に従って調製したキャストしたフィルムを、酸素水蒸気透過特性および引張強さ、伸びおよび弾性係数等の力学的特性に関して評価した。
Claims (5)
- 酵素フィブリル化ナノセルロース原材料からフィルムを製造する方法であって、以下の単位操作:
前記原材料と添加剤とを混合し、繊維ウェブを形成する;
ここで、前記添加剤は、前記繊維ウェブの総重量の1%から30%のTEMPO-酸化セルロースナノフィブリルであり、
前記繊維ウェブを押出しによって金属基材上に置く;
前記金属基材上の前記繊維ウェブを乾燥させ、フィルム材料を形成する;
前記フィルム材料を前記金属基材から離層させる;
ロール上に前記フィルム材料を巻き直す;および
前記フィルム材料を前記ロールからカレンダー加工し、所望の厚さを有するフィルムを形成する、からなり、
前記フィルムが15%から40%のコンシステンシーを有する酵素フィブリル化セルロース原材料懸濁液から作られることを特徴とする、方法。 - 前記酵素フィブリル化ナノセルロース原材料が、20%から30%のコンシステンシーを有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フィルムの厚さを20μmから500μmに調整することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 連続的であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の方法によって製造された、羽毛様形態のナノセルロースフィブリルを含み、20μmから500μmの厚さと100nm未満の表面粗さを有する半透明フィルム材料。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20156042 | 2015-12-31 | ||
FI20156042 | 2015-12-31 | ||
PCT/FI2016/050940 WO2017115020A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 | 2016-12-30 | Method of producing films from high consistency enzyme fibrillated nanocellulose |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2019501255A JP2019501255A (ja) | 2019-01-17 |
JP6755315B2 true JP6755315B2 (ja) | 2020-09-16 |
Family
ID=59224657
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2018532240A Expired - Fee Related JP6755315B2 (ja) | 2015-12-31 | 2016-12-30 | 高コンシステンシーの酵素フィブリル化ナノセルロースからフィルムを製造する方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10865280B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3397676A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6755315B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN108350198A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA3002729C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2017115020A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI127716B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2018-12-31 | Upm Kymmene Corp | Method of manufacturing fibrillated cellulose |
FI127590B (en) | 2016-07-04 | 2018-09-28 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Cellulose-based film structure and process for making the same |
SE542193C2 (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2020-03-10 | Stora Enso Oyj | A method for producing a film having good barrier properties and a film having good barrier properties |
SE543618C2 (en) | 2018-11-22 | 2021-04-20 | Stora Enso Oyj | Gas barrier film for a paper or paperboard based packaging material comprising microfibrillated cellulose surface grafted with a fatty acid halide and a thermoplastic polymer layer |
US20220185975A1 (en) * | 2019-04-05 | 2022-06-16 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Method for manufacturing films of high consistency nanocellulose suspensions |
FI129375B (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2022-01-14 | Aabo Akademi | Process for the production of nanocellulose films |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2308161A (en) * | 1941-04-19 | 1943-01-12 | Du Pont | Drying |
US6152345A (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-11-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method for controlling width-wise expansion of a conveyed web |
JP4352592B2 (ja) * | 2000-07-11 | 2009-10-28 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | セルロースエステルドープ組成物、セルロースエステルフィルムの製造方法、セルロースエステルフィルム及びそれを用いた偏光板 |
JP4687162B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-07 | 2011-05-25 | コニカミノルタオプト株式会社 | セルロースエステルフィルム及びその製造方法、光学フィルム、偏光板、液晶表示装置 |
JP4882793B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-26 | 2012-02-22 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | 光学フィルムの製造方法、光学フィルム、及びそれを用いた偏光板、液晶ディスプレイ |
SE0950534A1 (sv) * | 2009-07-07 | 2010-10-12 | Stora Enso Oyj | Metod för framställning av mikrofibrillär cellulosa |
JP2011053645A (ja) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-03-17 | Konica Minolta Opto Inc | セルロースアセテートフィルム、偏光板及び液晶表示装置 |
SE0950819A1 (sv) | 2009-11-03 | 2011-05-04 | Stora Enso Oyj | Ett bestruket substrat, en process för tillverkning av ett bestruket substrat, en förpackning och en dispersionsbestrykning |
FI122145B (fi) * | 2009-12-31 | 2011-09-15 | Upm Kymmene Corp | Menetelmä ja järjestelmä kuitupitoisen tuotteen valmistamiseksi |
JP2011158746A (ja) | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-18 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | セルロース繊維の製造方法、セルロース繊維、成形体および表示素子用基板 |
ES2796249T3 (es) * | 2010-05-27 | 2020-11-26 | Kemira Oyj | Composición de barrera celulósica que comprende polímero aniónico |
GB201019288D0 (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2010-12-29 | Imerys Minerals Ltd | Compositions |
JP5699862B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-26 | 2015-04-15 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 光学フィルムの製造方法及び該光学フィルムを用いた素子用基板 |
CN103796830B (zh) * | 2011-08-31 | 2016-04-27 | 柯尼卡美能达株式会社 | 气体阻隔性膜及其制造方法、以及使用了其的电子元件用基板 |
FI123630B (fi) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-08-30 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt | Menetelmä NFC-kalvojen valmistamiseksi alustoille |
JP6035498B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-25 | 2016-11-30 | 王子ホールディングス株式会社 | 微細セルロース繊維含有シートの製造方法 |
SE537517C2 (sv) * | 2012-12-14 | 2015-05-26 | Stora Enso Oyj | Våtlagt arkmaterial innefattande mikrofibrillerad cellulosasamt förfarande för tillverkning därav |
DK2971347T3 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-10-01 | Fiberlean Tech Ltd | PROCESS FOR TREATING MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE |
FI126698B (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2017-04-13 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Currently for the production of fibrillated cellulose material |
FI129421B (fi) * | 2014-03-12 | 2022-02-15 | Maelkki Yrjoe | Nanoselluloosan ja sen esiasteiden valmistus ja käyttö |
FI127716B (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2018-12-31 | Upm Kymmene Corp | Method of manufacturing fibrillated cellulose |
WO2016072230A1 (ja) | 2014-11-06 | 2016-05-12 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 耐水性セルロースシートおよび耐水性セルロースシートの製造方法 |
SE539771C2 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-11-28 | Stora Enso Oyj | Method for manufacturing surface sized dense films comprising microfibrillated cellulose |
-
2016
- 2016-12-30 CA CA3002729A patent/CA3002729C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-12-30 JP JP2018532240A patent/JP6755315B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-12-30 EP EP16881332.7A patent/EP3397676A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-12-30 WO PCT/FI2016/050940 patent/WO2017115020A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-12-30 US US16/066,687 patent/US10865280B2/en active Active
- 2016-12-30 CN CN201680066476.2A patent/CN108350198A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA3002729C (en) | 2020-12-29 |
CN108350198A (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
EP3397676A4 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
US20190002658A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
EP3397676A1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
US10865280B2 (en) | 2020-12-15 |
CA3002729A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
WO2017115020A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
JP2019501255A (ja) | 2019-01-17 |
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