JP6736470B2 - 重金属リサイクルプロセスおよびこのようなプロセスに有用な材料 - Google Patents
重金属リサイクルプロセスおよびこのようなプロセスに有用な材料 Download PDFInfo
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- NGUZTADMUGRNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold;dicyanide Chemical compound [Au].N#[C-].N#[C-] NGUZTADMUGRNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1615—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of natural origin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
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- B01D39/1692—Other shaped material, e.g. perforated or porous sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/18—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being cellulose or derivatives thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2055—Carbonaceous material
- B01D39/2058—Carbonaceous material the material being particulate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2239/08—Special characteristics of binders
- B01D2239/086—Binders between particles or fibres
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Description
本発明は、図面を参照することによりさらによく理解されよう。
本明細書で使用される場合、本発明(特に、請求項の文脈において)を記載する文脈において使用される「a」、「an」、「the」および類似の用語は、別段の指示がない限り、または文脈と明らかに矛盾することがない限り、単数形および複数形の両方を包含すると解釈されるものとする。
1.1 複合材料の調製
0.5gの活性炭と、0.5mlの2重量%β−ラクトグロブリンpH2タンパク質フィブリル溶液(国際出願第PCT/CH2014/000014号を参照)とを室温で混合する。この溶液を0.22マイクロメートルセルロースフィルター膜を使って真空濾過する。タンパク質の顕著な接着性と堅さにより、活性炭のフィブリル中への組み込みが可能となる。こうして得られたコーティングされたセルロースフィルターは次のステップで使用される。
50mlの産業廃水(30mg/lのAu(Au(CN)4−として存在、AASにより測定)を含有)を真空濾過を使用し、ステップ1.1のフィルターを通して濾過した。フィルターを単回通過後、この時点で精製水は0.105mg/lのAu(同じAAS法により測定)を含む。これは、99.65%の減少に対応し、本発明の複合材料の極めて高い吸収速度を示す。
増量した複合材料を750℃で3時間、炉中に入れる。室温まで冷却した後に、試料の色が黒から赤に変化した。これは、ナノ粒子材料の形成を示す。活性炭は灰分に変換された。
前ステップで得られた材料を、蒸留水と混合し、100Hzで15分間、超音波処理した。金粒子が底に沈降し、灰分は浮遊した。灰分を除去し、超音波処理−除去サイクルを繰り返した。得られた粒子は、AASで確認して、元素状金を含み、実質上非毒性であり、さらなる用途に使用することができる。
前のステップから得られた材料を0.2重量%のβ−ラクトグロブリンフィブリル溶液と組み合わせる。図1は、そのAFM像である。本材料を0.01Mの塩化金酸と混合し、60℃で12時間加熱し、伝導性金単結晶を作製する。こうして得られた金結晶は、六方晶の三角形で、多面体の構造を有する。図2を参照されたい。
2.1 複合材料の調製
ハイブリッド複合材料フィルター膜を調製し、有毒性の重金属汚染物質を吸収させる。最初に、5mlの10重量%活性炭溶液を、0.5mlの2重量%β−ラクトグロブリン(pH2)タンパク質フィブリル溶液と混合する。1mlの上記溶液を0.22マイクロメートルセルロースフィルター膜を使って真空濾過する。タンパク質フィブリルの顕著な接着性と堅さの挙動により、活性炭の均質の複合材料濾過膜中への組み込みが可能となる。これらの濾過膜は、重金属イオン汚染物質の吸収ならびに環境汚染物質からの高価な重金属の回収に極めて有用である。
このタンパク質フィブリルおよび活性炭を含む複合材料フィルター膜の調製後、真空濾過法を使用して、50mlの有毒性重金属溶液に、この複合膜を通過させる。
塩化水銀溶液(pH4)を濾過した。AAS測定により、水銀原子濃度は、初期の84ppmから濾過後の0.4ppm未満まで減少することが推定された。
Claims (18)
- (a)アミロイドフィブリルと、
(b)活性炭とを含み、
前記アミロイドフィブリルと前記活性炭とが混合されて接触している、
水及び/または水性組成物から金属を除去及び/又は減らすための複合材料。 - 前記複合材料が(c)支持材料を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 前記アミロイドフィブリルが、10nm以下の直径、1μm以上の長さ、および/または電気泳動易動度がpH4で2μm・cm/V・sであるフィブリルから選択される、請求項1又は2に記載の複合材料。
- (c)支持材料が、多孔性支持材料から選択される、請求項2に記載の複合材料。
- (a)アミロイドフィブリルと、(b)活性炭と、(c)支持材料を含むフィルター膜;または、
(a)アミロイドフィブリルと、(b)活性炭を含むが、支持材料を含まない粒子状材料、から選択される、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料。 - 比率(a)アミロイドフィブリル/(b)活性炭が、1/1〜1/100(w/w)である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料を含むフィルター。
- 水、アミロイドフィブリルおよび活性炭を混合して懸濁液を得るステップと、
前記懸濁液を多孔性支持材料を通して濾過するステップと、を含む、請求項4に記載の複合材料を製造する方法。 - 水処理および/または金属の回収のための、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料、または請求項7に記載のフィルターの使用。
- 前記水処理が、水中の金属含量の低減化を含み;および/または
前記水処理の水が、都市の廃水および産業廃水を含む、請求項9に記載の使用。 - 前記金属が、Au、Pd、Pt、Rh、Ru、Ir、Hg、Pbから選択される、請求項9又は10に記載の使用。
- 水処理方法であって、
(a)請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料、および、廃水又は金属イオンを含む水溶液を用意するステップと、
(b)前記廃水又は金属イオンを含む水溶液を前記複合材料と接触させることにより、精製水と、前記廃水又は金属イオンを含む水溶液中の金属が吸着して増量した複合材料を得るステップと、
(c)前記増量した複合材料から前記精製水を分離するステップと、を含む方法。 - (d)前記増量した複合材料を600〜1200℃の温度範囲で酸化して、元素金属および灰分を得るステップと、
(e)前記灰分から前記元素金属を分離するステップと、をさらに含む、
請求項12に記載の方法。 - ステップ(a)で、前記複合材料がフィルターの形で用意され、
ステップ(b)およびステップ(c)が、前記廃水又は金属イオンを含む水溶液を前記フィルターを通して濾過することにより行われる、請求項12に記載の方法。 - ステップ(a)で、前記複合材料が、粒子状材料の形で用意され、
ステップ(b)で、前記廃水又は金属イオンを含む水溶液、および前記複合材料が、5〜95℃の温度範囲で、20秒〜24時間、撹拌しながら、接触させられ、および/または
ステップ(c)で、前記増量した複合材料が、濾過、遠心処理または沈降により分離される、請求項12に記載の方法。 - ステップ(b)および(c)が繰り返される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- ステップ(d)で、前記酸化が、炉中で行われる、請求項13に記載の方法。
- ステップ(e)で、分離が、超音波を使用して、浮上分離法または空気浮上分離法で行われる、請求項17に記載の方法。
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