JP6694108B2 - メタンの二酸化炭素改質用カプセル化触媒、及びそれを用いた合成ガスの製造方法 - Google Patents
メタンの二酸化炭素改質用カプセル化触媒、及びそれを用いた合成ガスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 174
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 165
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 150
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 82
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 82
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 title description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 69
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910019993 S1-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDRIEERWEFJUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;methane Chemical compound C.O=C=O KDRIEERWEFJUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].O[N+]([O-])=O UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012690 zeolite precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/03—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves not having base-exchange properties
- B01J29/035—Microporous crystalline materials not having base exchange properties, such as silica polymorphs, e.g. silicalites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J33/00—Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Description
この反応により生成される気体は、H2/CO比が1.0であり、FT反応に適している。その一方で、この反応は吸熱反応であり外部から大きなエネルギーが必要になる。また、原料となるメタン及び二酸化炭素はともに炭素を含むため、反応過程で触媒表面に炭素が析出する。触媒上に析出する炭素は徐々に蓄積して触媒活性を低下させる。また、担体に金属粒子を分散させた金属触媒の場合、金属粒子が高温で凝集(シンタリング)を起こし、触媒活性が低下する。
CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2O ΔH298K=-213kJmol-1 (3)
CH4+H2O→CO+3H2 ΔH298K=206kJmol-1 (4)
式(2)と式(3)の反応はどちらも発熱反応であり、式(1)と式(4)の反応に熱を利用することができるため、必要な外部エネルギーが小さくなる。また、式(3)の反応により生成した二酸化炭素とスチームは、式(1)と式(4)の反応の原料となる。また、触媒表面に析出する炭素が酸素と燃焼して少なくなり、触媒の高寿命化に資する。
酸化物担体としては、シリカペレット(富士シリシア化学(株)製「CARiACT Q−10」、平均粒径:0.5mm、細孔容積:1.18mL/g)を用いた。硝酸ニッケル六水和物を、Ni/SiO2触媒での金属(Ni)担持量が9質量%となるように測りとり、シリカペレットの細孔容積に対して同じ体積のイオン交換水に溶解させた。得られたNi水溶液を、超音波のもとIW(Incipient Wetness)法で、シリカペレットに含浸した。この時の溶液のpHはおよそ5であった。その後さらに30分超音波を当て続け、1時間の減圧処理を行い、120℃で一晩乾燥した後、350℃での焼成を行った。焼成の際は、2℃/分で昇温し、空気中で2時間350℃を保持した。これにより、コアとなるNi/SiO2触媒を得た。
上記で得られたNi/SiO2触媒にシリカライト1 ゼオライト膜の被覆を行った。用いた試薬は、テトラプロピルアンモニウム水酸化物(TPAOH)とエタノール(EtOH)と水とテトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)と硝酸(HNO3)とを混合してなる前駆体溶液であり、そのモル比はTPAOH:EtOH:H2O:TEOS:HNO3=0.48:8:120:2:0.24とし、4時間攪拌して調製した。
上記で得られた実施例のカプセル化触媒(Pt/S1−Ni/SiO2)と、比較例に係るシリカ担持ニッケル触媒(Ni/SiO2)を用いて、メタンの二酸化炭素改質を行って合成ガスを生成した。比較例のシリカ担持ニッケル触媒としては、上記「Ni/SiO2触媒の調製」により調製した、外皮のないNi/SiO2触媒をそのままを用いた。
触媒試験1と同様に、実施例のカプセル化触媒(Pt/S1−Ni/SiO2)と、比較例のシリカ担持ニッケル触媒(Ni/SiO2)を用いて、メタンの二酸化炭素改質を行い、その時の触媒床の温度分布を調べた。温度は、触媒床内部の実際の温度を測定するために、反応管の内部に熱電対用内管(さや管)を挿入し、さや管内に熱電対を入れて、反応管の長手方向に沿って熱電対を移動させ、反応管の各位置での実際の温度を測定した。
実施例のカプセル化触媒(Pt/S1−Ni/SiO2)を用いて、触媒試験1と同様のメタンの二酸化炭素改質を行った。触媒試験3では、原料ガスとしてメタン:二酸化炭素:酸素の混合比(モル比)が8:8:0、8:6:1、8:4:2、8:2:3の4種類を用い、反応開始から10時間までのメタン及び二酸化炭素の転化率と、生成ガス中の水素と一酸化炭素のモル比を1時間毎に測定した。その他は触媒試験1と同様に行った。
触媒試験1と同様に、実施例のカプセル化触媒(Pt/S1−Ni/SiO2)と、比較例のシリカ担持ニッケル触媒(Ni/SiO2)を用いて、メタンの二酸化炭素改質を行った。触媒試験4では、原料ガスとしてメタン:二酸化炭素:酸素=8:2:3(モル比)を用い、反応開始から100時間までのメタン及び二酸化炭素の転化率と、生成ガス中の水素と一酸化炭素のモル比を測定した。その他は触媒試験1と同様に行った。
Claims (5)
- 二酸化炭素によりメタンを改質する触媒活性を持つ触媒金属を酸化物担体に担持させた金属担持触媒と、
前記金属担持触媒の表面を被覆するゼオライトからなる外皮であって、当該ゼオライトに白金を担持させた外皮と、
を備える、メタンの二酸化炭素改質用カプセル化触媒。 - 前記金属担持触媒が、酸化物担体にニッケルを担持したニッケル担持触媒である、
請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素改質用カプセル化触媒。 - 前記金属担持触媒が、シリカ担体にニッケルを担持したNi/SiO2触媒である、
請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素改質用カプセル化触媒。 - 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の二酸化炭素改質用カプセル化触媒の存在下、メタンと二酸化炭素を反応させて水素と一酸化炭素を含む合成ガスを製造する、
合成ガスの製造方法。 - 前記二酸化炭素改質用カプセル化触媒に、メタン及び二酸化炭素とともに酸素を供給する、
請求項4に記載の合成ガスの製造方法。
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US4460704A (en) * | 1980-06-15 | 1984-07-17 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Catalyst for the production of hydrogen |
JPH1147607A (ja) * | 1997-08-07 | 1999-02-23 | Nissan Gaadoraa Shokubai Kk | 二酸化炭素による炭化水素改質触媒、その製造法、及び水素,一酸化炭素の分離製造法 |
JP2003112052A (ja) * | 2001-10-03 | 2003-04-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | 水素生成触媒 |
JP2005144402A (ja) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-06-09 | Sangaku Renkei Kiko Kyushu:Kk | 炭化水素の部分酸化用触媒およびそれを用いた合成ガスの製造法 |
JP2006167501A (ja) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-06-29 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 改質触媒、水素生成装置および燃料電池システム |
JP4889307B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-30 | 2012-03-07 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | カプセル触媒を用いた液体燃料の製造方法 |
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