JP6675697B1 - 生分解性樹脂組成物及び成形品 - Google Patents
生分解性樹脂組成物及び成形品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6675697B1 JP6675697B1 JP2019130196A JP2019130196A JP6675697B1 JP 6675697 B1 JP6675697 B1 JP 6675697B1 JP 2019130196 A JP2019130196 A JP 2019130196A JP 2019130196 A JP2019130196 A JP 2019130196A JP 6675697 B1 JP6675697 B1 JP 6675697B1
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- biodegradable resin
- acid
- resin composition
- inorganic substance
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- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
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- 238000007666 vacuum forming Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound OCCCC(O)=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound CC(O)CC(O)=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical class C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical group [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
なお、環境下における分解性が極めて良好であることは、乳酸と例えばヒドロキシ酪酸に代表されるその他ポリヒドロキシアルカン酸とを共重合体化することで使用するポリマー自体の生分解性が、例えばポリ乳酸と比べて良好となるということもあるが、生分解性樹脂に対し配合する無機物質粉末として、重質炭酸カルシウム粒子、すなわち、石灰石などCaCO3を主成分とする天然原料を機械的に粉砕分級して得られる炭酸カルシウム粒子を使用し、これを組成物全体の30質量%以上配合することが大いに貢献していることが判明した。この様な生分解性樹脂組成物を用いて成形した成形品においては、重質炭酸カルシウム粒子がその製造履歴に由来して不定形等の形状であり高い比表面積を有するため、マトリックスを構成する生分解性樹脂である多元ヒドロキシアルカン酸コポリマーと重質炭酸カルシウム粒子との界面においては、成形時に特に延伸等の処理を加えなくとも、成形品の成形当初から、生分解性樹脂が重質炭酸カルシウム粒子表面に未接着で微細な空隙を多数形成している、乃至は接着が非常に弱い部分が多数存在する。もちろん、延伸処理を加えるとその特徴はより顕著となる。結果的に得られる成形品においては、生分解性樹脂の表面積が非常に高いものとなり、酵素の作用による成形品の分解の場が飛躍的に向上すること、さらに、重質炭酸カルシウムの存在により、生分解性の効率が高まったものと考えられる。
本発明にかかる無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物は、生分解性樹脂と無機物質粉末とを質量比10:90〜70:30の割合で含有するものであって、前記生分解性樹脂が乳酸とポリヒドロキシアルカン酸とを含む多元ヒドロキシアルカン酸コポリマーであり、無機物質粉末が重質炭酸カルシウムであることを特徴とするものである。以下、生分解性樹脂組成物を構成する各成分につき、それぞれ詳細に説明する。
本発明において用いられる生分解性樹脂は、コモノマーとして、乳酸とその他のヒドロキシアルカン酸とを含む多元ヒドロキシアルカン酸コポリマーである。
より具体的に説明すると、木本類由来のバイオマスとしては、広葉樹、針葉樹の木部、樹皮、枝、葉等、林地残材、間伐材、廃材等のチップ又は樹皮、製材工場等から発生するおが屑、街路樹の剪定枝葉、建築廃材等が挙げられる。また、草本類由来のバイオマス原料としては、ケナフ、麻、バガス、イネ、稲藁、麦わら、コーンコブ等(農産廃棄物も含む)、油用作物やゴム用作物等の工芸作物の残渣及び廃棄物、草本系エネルギー作物のエリアンサス、ミスカンサスやネピアグラス等のバイオマスを用いることも可能である。また、工芸作物の残渣及び廃棄物として、例えば、EFB(Empty Fruit Bunch)等を用いることもできる。これらのバイオマスの中で木本類由来のバイオマスを用いるのが好ましく、広葉樹、針葉樹の木部等のリグノセルロース系バイオマスを用いるのが特に好ましい。
本発明に係る生分解性樹脂成形品を形成する生分解性樹脂組成物中には、前記した様に、乳酸とヒドロキシアルカン酸とを含む多元ヒドロキシアルカン酸コポリマーと共に、無機物質粉末として重質炭酸カルシウム粒子が配合される。この重質炭酸カルシウムとは、以下に示す天然炭酸カルシウムを機械的に粉砕・加工して得られるものであって、化学的沈殿反応等によって製造される合成炭酸カルシウムとは明確に区別されるものである。
PM=2πr (1)
であり、粒子の投影周囲長と同一周囲長を持つ円の面積を(B)とすると、
B=πr2 (2)
である。(1)式を変形すると、r=PM/2π (3)
となるから、(2)式に(3)式を代入すると、
B=π×(PM/2π)2 (4)
となり、真円度=A/B=A×4π/(PM)2
となる。測定する粒子は、粉末の粒度分布を代表する様に、サンプリングを行う。測定粒子の数が多い程、測定値の信頼性は増すが、測定時間も考慮して、一般に100個程度の粒子の平均値で表すものとされており、本明細書においても100個の粒子の平均値とした。これらの測定は走査型顕微鏡や実体顕微鏡などで得られる各粒子の投影図を一般に商用されている画像解析ソフトによって真円度を求めることが可能である。
本発明に係る無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物には、必要に応じて、その他の熱可塑性樹脂を配合することは可能であるが、その他の熱可塑性樹脂の配合量は、本発明に係る無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物の生分解性に実質的に影響を与えない様に、樹脂成分全体に対し、20質量%以下とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは10質量%以下であり、特に好ましくは、その他の熱可塑性樹脂は配合しない態様である。熱可塑性樹脂としては、ポリエチレン系樹脂、ポリプロピレン系樹脂、ポリメチル−1−ペンテン、エチレン−環状オレフィン共重合体等のポリオレフィン系樹脂;エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−メタクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−メタクリル酸共重合体の金属塩(アイオノマー)、エチレン−アクリル酸アルキルエステル共重合体、エチレン−メタクリル酸アルキルエステル共重合体、マレイン酸変性ポリエチレン、マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン等の官能基含有ポリオレフィン系樹脂;ナイロン−6、ナイロン−6,6、ナイロン−6,10、ナイロン−6,12等のポリアミド系樹脂;ポリエチレンテレフタレート及びその共重合体、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート等の芳香族ポリエステル系樹脂、例えば、ポリL−乳酸、ポリD−乳酸、ポリDL−乳酸などのポリ乳酸、ポリ3−ヒドロキシ酪酸、ポリ3−ヒドロキシ吉草酸、ポリ3−ヒドロキシヘキサン酸、ポリ3−ヒドロキシブチレート−コ−3−ヒドロキシヘキサノエート、ポリ3−ヒドロキシオクタン酸、ポリ3−ヒドロキシデカン酸、ポリ4−ヒドロキシ酪酸、ポリ4−ヒドロキシ吉草酸、ポリブチレンサクシネート等の脂肪族ポリエステル系樹脂等の熱可塑性ポリエステル系樹脂;芳香族ポリカーボネート、脂肪族ポリカーボネート等のポリカーボネート樹脂;アタクティックポリスチレン、シンジオタクティックポリスチレン、アクリロニトリル−スチレン(AS)共重合体、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン(ABS)共重合体等のポリスチレン系樹脂;ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン等のポリ塩化ビニル系樹脂;ポリフェニレンスルフィド;ポリエーテルスルフォン、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン等のポリエーテル系樹脂等が挙げられる。
本発明に係る成形品は、上記した重質炭酸カルシウム粒子を配合した多元ヒドロキシアルカン酸コポリマーからなる無機物質粉末含有生解性樹脂組成物を用いて成形された成形品である。
本発明に係る無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物により得られる成形品の製造方法としては、通常の方法を使用することができ、例えば、射出成形法、発泡射出成形法、射出圧縮成形法、押出成形法、ブロー成形法、インフレーション成形法、プレス成形法、カレンダー成形法、真空成形法、さらに、インモールド成形法、ガスプレス成形法、2色乃至多色成形法、サンドイッチ成形法など公知の任意の成形方法を採用することができる。さらに、本発明に係る無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物が発泡剤を含有し、発泡体である態様の成形品を得る場合においても、所望の形状に成形できるものであれば発泡体の成形方法として従来公知の、例えば、射出発泡,押出発泡,発泡ブロー等の液相発泡、あるいは、ビーズ発泡,バッチ発泡,プレス発泡,常圧二次発泡等の固相発泡の何れを用いることも可能である。
以下の実施例、参考例及び比較例においての各物性値はそれぞれ以下の方法により評価されたものである。
マイクロトラック・ベル社製、BELSORP−miniを用い、窒素ガス吸着法によって求めた。
島津製作所社製の比表面積測定装置SS−100型を用い、JIS M−8511に準じた空気透過法による比表面積の測定結果から計算した。
粉末の粒度分布を代表する様に、100個の粒子のサンプリングを行い、光学顕微鏡を用いて得たこれらの各粒子の画像を市販の画像解析ソフトを用いて画像解析することによって真円度を求めた。測定原理としては、粒子の投影面積と粒子の投影周囲長とを測定し、各々(A)と(PM)とし、粒子の投影周囲長と同一周囲長を持つ円の半径を(r)とすると、
PM=2πr (1)
であり、粒子の投影周囲長と同一周囲長を持つ円の面積を(B)とすると、
B=πr2 (2)
である。(1)式を変形すると、r=PM/2π (3)
となるから、(2)式に(3)式を代入すると、
B=π×(PM/2π)2 (4)
となり、真円度=A/B=A×4π/(PM)2
を求めるものである。
シートの引張試験は、(株)東洋精機製作所製、ストログラフを用いて、23℃の温度で行った。試験片の形状としては、JIS K6251:2017のダンベル状3号形試験片を用いた。延伸速度は200mm/分であった。
得られた応力−歪曲線より、引張弾性率及び伸びを測定した。
各実施例及び比較例で作製されたフィルム乃至シート(30mm×30mm)を、室温(25℃±5℃)下に汲み置きした海水10mlとともに25mlのバイアル瓶内に入れ、1月間放置した後に、フィルム乃至シートの状態観察を目視にて行い、以下の評価基準によって評価した。
〇:フィルム乃至シートが分解されている。
△:フィルム乃至シートが部分的に分解されている。
×:フィルム乃至シートに変化は見られない。
以下の実施例及び比較例において使用した成分はそれぞれ以下のものであった。
P1:P(LA−co−3HB)(乳酸分率80モル%)
P2:P(LA−co−3HB)(乳酸分率70モル%)
P3:P(LA−co−3HB)(乳酸分率50モル%)
P4:P(LA−co−3HB)(乳酸分率30モル%)
P5:P(LA−co−3HB)(乳酸分率20モル%)
Pa:ポリL−乳酸
Pb:ポリ3−ヒドロキシ酪酸
・炭酸カルシウム(I)
I1:重質炭酸カルシウム粒子 平均粒径:2.2μm、BET比表面積:1.0m2/g、真円度:0.85
I2:重質炭酸カルシウム粒子 平均粒径:1.1μm、BET比表面積:3.2m2/g、真円度:0.55
I3:重質炭酸カルシウム粒子 平均粒径:3.6μm、BET比表面積:0.6m2/g、真円度:0.90
Ia:軽質炭酸カルシウム粒子 平均粒径:1.5μm、BET比表面積:0.1m2/g、真円度:1.00
樹脂中における乳酸分率が異なる樹脂P1〜P5並びにPa及びPbをそれぞれ用い、インフレーションフィルム押出ライン(60mmの円形ダイ、1.2mmのダイギャップ、30mmのネジ直径、L/D比=30)にて厚さ30μmのフィルムを作成した。フィルムは、2.5のBUR(ブローアップ比)で処理した。なお、押出機において、各区域の温度は160℃〜180℃に設定し、回転数は20rpmに維持した。
得られたフィルムの引張弾性率、伸び、生分解性の評価結果を表1に示す。
表1に示す様に、P(LA−co−3HB)における乳酸分率が20〜80%の範囲では柔軟性は十分なものとなり、実用上良好な伸びが示されたが、比較例1では伸びが低く脆いものであった。また分解性としては、何れも不十分なものであった。
樹脂中における乳酸分率が異なる樹脂P3、P4、P5をそれぞれ用い、これに炭酸カルシウム(I)として表1に示す通り添加して、上記比較例1〜7と同様に、インフレーションフィルム押出ライン(60mmの円形ダイ、1.2mmのダイギャップ、30mmのネジ直径、L/D比=30)にて厚さ30μmのフィルムを作成した。フィルムは3.0のBUR(ブローアップ比)で処理した。なお、押出機において、各区域の温度は160℃〜180℃に設定し、回転数は20rpmに維持した。
得られたフィルムの引張弾性率、伸び、生分解性の評価結果を表1に示す。
表1に示す様に、実施例1〜9に係るものにおいては何れも柔軟性は十分なものとなり、実用上良好な伸びが示され、また生分解性としても十分なものとなった。
実施例1と、炭酸カルシウム(I)をそれぞれI2、I3、Iaに代える以外は、実施例1と同様にして、インフレーション法により厚さ30μmのフィルムを作成した。
得られたフィルムの引張弾性率、伸び、生分解性の評価結果を表1に示す。
表1に示す様に、実施例10、11に係るものにおいては何れも柔軟性、生分解性ともに良好な結果が得られた。これに対し、炭酸カルシウム(I)として軽質炭酸カルシウム粒子を配合した比較例8のものでは、成形性が著しく劣り、均一なフィルムの作成は困難であった。
樹脂中における乳酸分率が異なる樹脂P1〜P5並びにPa及びPbをそれぞれ用い、ニ軸押出機により180℃の温度でTダイにて厚さ500μmのシートに成形後、さらに350℃の熱板温度で、浅皿状の容器体への真空成形を行った。
得られた成形体の引張弾性率、伸び、生分解性の評価結果を表2に示す。
表2に示す様に、生分解性は、何れも不十分なものであった。
樹脂中における乳酸分率が異なる樹脂P1、P2、P3及びPaをそれぞれ用い、これに炭酸カルシウム(I)として重質炭酸カルシウム粒子I1を表2に示す通り添加して、上記比較例9〜15と同様に、ニ軸押出機により180℃の温度でTダイにて厚さ500μmのシートに成形後、さらに350℃の熱板温度で、浅皿状の容器体への真空成形を行った。
得られた成形体の引張弾性率、伸び、生分解性の評価結果を表2に示す。
表2に示す様に、実施例12〜20に係るものにおいては何れも柔軟性は十分なものとなり、実用上良好な伸びが示され、また生分解性としても十分なものとなった。
Claims (9)
- 生分解性樹脂と無機物質粉末とを質量比40:60〜70:30の割合で含有する無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物であって、前記生分解性樹脂が乳酸とその他のヒドロキシアルカン酸とを含む多元ヒドロキシアルカン酸コポリマーであり、前記多元ヒドロキシアルカン酸コポリマーの乳酸分率が20〜80%であり、前記無機物質粉末が重質炭酸カルシウムであることを特徴とする無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 前記その他のヒドロキシアルカン酸がヒドロキシ酪酸である請求項1に記載の無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 前記重質炭酸カルシウム粒子のJIS M−8511に準じた空気透過法による比表面積の測定結果から計算した平均粒子径が、0.7μm以上6.0μm以下である請求項1又は2に記載の無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 前記乳酸分率が、50〜80%であり真空成形用として用いられるものである請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 前記乳酸分率が、20〜50%でありインフレーション成形用として用いられるものである請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物より構成される成形品。
- 請求項4の無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物を押出成形してなる真空成形用シート。
- 請求項5の無機物質粉末含有生分解性樹脂組成物をインフレーション成形したフィルム。
- 請求項7の真空成形用シートを真空成形してなる成形品。
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JP2002069303A (ja) | 2000-08-31 | 2002-03-08 | O Masaru | 植物繊維製樹脂成形体 |
JP5215513B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-13 | 2013-06-19 | 三井化学株式会社 | 生分解性樹脂組成物 |
JP5608562B2 (ja) | 2009-01-16 | 2014-10-15 | バイオベース株式会社 | ポリ乳酸樹脂組成物およびポリ乳酸樹脂用添加剤 |
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KR20150128099A (ko) | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-18 | (주)엘지하우시스 | Pla 및 pha 혼합수지를 이용한 벽지 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR102014555B1 (ko) | 2014-09-19 | 2019-08-27 | (주)엘지하우시스 | 쿠션바닥재 및 이의 제조방법 |
JP2018074927A (ja) | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-17 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | 多元ポリ乳酸製造方法及びバイオプラスチック |
CN107556713A (zh) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-01-09 | 安徽省太湖泽泓塑业有限公司 | 一种可降解塑料包装袋及其制备方法 |
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