JP6669763B2 - 膜電極複合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
膜電極複合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6669763B2 JP6669763B2 JP2017541654A JP2017541654A JP6669763B2 JP 6669763 B2 JP6669763 B2 JP 6669763B2 JP 2017541654 A JP2017541654 A JP 2017541654A JP 2017541654 A JP2017541654 A JP 2017541654A JP 6669763 B2 JP6669763 B2 JP 6669763B2
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Description
本出願は2015年2月9日に出願された米国特許出願第14/616,968号の優先権を主張し、本出願の全体を参照により本明細書中に取り込む。
本発明は米国政府機関との契約に基づいてなされたものである。米国政府機関の名称はエネルギー省(ゴールデンフィールドオフィス)であり、米国政府契約番号はDE-FC36-08GO18052である。
プロトン交換膜(以下「PEM」)式燃料電池の膜電極複合体(以下「MEA」)は、一方のアノード電極と他方のカソード電極とともにイオノマー膜を含む。膜及び電極は、典型的に、別個の層として形成され、熱及び/又は圧力で一緒に結合されて、膜電極複合体として知られる複合材シートを形成する。層が効率的かつコスト効果の高い方法で互いの上にコーティングされる好ましい方法が望まれ、以下に記載される。
本開示は、(a)通気性裏材を提供すること、(b)前記裏材上に電極を堆積させること、及び、(c)前記電極上にイオノマーを含む混合物を堆積させ、混合物を乾燥させ、保護性でかつ連続のイオノマー層を形成することの工程を含む、膜電極複合体の構成部品の製造方法を含む。好ましくは、通気性裏材は、そこからMEAを剥離することを可能にする延伸ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(以下、「ePTFE」)のような剥離特性を有する延伸ポリマーを含む。また好ましくは、延伸ポリマーは、質量/面積が16g/m2未満であり、バブルポイントが約70psiを超え、かつ、電極が通気性裏材から剥離されるときに延伸ポリマーの凝集破壊を防止するのに十分なZ−強度を有する。さらなる実施形態は延伸ポリマーに布帛を結合する工程を含み、ここで、布帛は好ましくはポリエステルであり、厚さが約0.006インチ未満であり、質量/面積が約65g/yd2未満であり、製造プロセス全体を通して+/−4%の範囲内の寸法安定性であり、それにより、ウェブ延伸又はウェブ収縮に起因する欠陥なしに、ロールツーロールプロセスでウェブを取り扱うことができる。さらなる実施形態は、不連続な接着剤パターンで布帛を裏材に結合する工程を含む。好ましくは、布帛はウレタン接着剤を用いて裏材にドットラミネート化される。さらなる実施形態は、Hennの米国特許第4,532,316号明細書に記載されているような、水及びアルコールの存在下で低膨潤性を有する接着剤を含む。さらなる実施形態では、通気性裏材はガス拡散層である。
(a)通気性裏材を提供すること、
(b)前記裏材上に電極を堆積させること、
(c)前記電極上に水不溶性アルコール及びイオノマーを含む水性湿潤層を堆積させること、及び、
(d)前記湿潤層を実質的に乾燥させて保護イオノマー層を形成させること、
の工程を含む。
(a)ePTFEを含む通気性裏材を提供すること、
(b)前記裏材上に電極を堆積させること、
(c)前記電極上に水性湿潤層を堆積させること、
ここで、前記水性湿潤層はペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマー;ヘキサノール、ペンタノール及び2−エチルヘキサノールからなる群より選ばれる水不溶性アルコール;及び、イソプロピルアルコール、ジプロピレングリコール及びプロピレングリコールメチルエーテルからなる群から選ばれる水溶性化合物を含み、そして、
前記水性湿潤層は約90wt%を超える水、約5wt%未満の前記不溶性アルコール及び約5wt%未満の前記水溶性アルコールを含む、及び、
(d)前記湿潤層を実質的に乾燥させて保護イオノマー層を形成させること、
の工程を含む。
開示の方法は、以下に説明され、図に示される工程を含む。説明の目的で逐次工程として記載されているが、本開示は、実際には、工程が任意の順序で又は同時に実施されうると考えられる。全ての図において、参照数字10はロール供給又はロール巻き表す。
図1に示すように、第一の電極混合物102は基材101上にコーティングされそして乾燥されて、連続的なウェブ取り扱いのために十分な機械特性を有する乾燥電極103を形成する。基材101は下記の工程2の空気変位欠陥を排除するのに十分に通気性でなければならない。基材101は、1つの実施形態において、裏材又は剥離層であり、別の実施形態において、基材はガス拡散層であることができる。
図2は、MEAを製造するための連続プロセスの工程2を示す。実質的に乾燥した電極103が工程1において基材101上に形成された後に、スロットダイ11は、水性イオノマー混合物を含む水性湿潤層104を、乾燥した又は実質的に乾燥した電極103上に堆積させる。好ましくは、スロットダイ11は、Nafion(登録商標)(DuPont)などのペルフルオロスルホン酸(PFSA)イオノマー及び水不溶性アルコールを含む混合物を堆積させて、水性湿潤層104を形成する。スロットダイ以外のコーティング方法も使用することができる。この水性湿潤層104は乾燥セグメント12を通して処理され、実質的に乾燥した保護イオノマー層105とする。
複合材湿潤層108、好ましくはePTFE強化イオノマー層を、保護イオノマー層105の上に形成する。複合材湿潤層108において、イオノマー混合物106は、好ましくは、微孔性ePTFE107を実質的に含浸させ、Baharらの米国再発行特許第37,307号明細書に記載されているように、ePTFEの内部体積を実質的に閉塞し、複合湿潤層108を形成する。乾燥セグメント12を通して複合材湿潤層108を、次に熱処理することにより、乾燥複合材層109を形成する。あるいは、補強されていないイオノマーを複合材湿潤層の代わりに使用することができる。
場合により、イオノマー混合物コーティングを乾燥複合材層109に適用し、第二の湿潤層を形成することができ、場合により乾燥させるならば、第二のイオノマー層は形成されるであろう。
場合により、第二の湿潤電極層110を109(又は、工程3Aを行うならば第二のイオノマー層)上にコーティングし、熱処理後に第二の電極層111をもたらし、これにより、膜電極複合体を完成させる。
Claims (19)
- (a)通気性裏材を提供すること、
(b)前記通気性裏材上に電極を堆積させること、
(c)前記電極上に水性湿潤層を堆積させること、ここで、前記水性湿潤層は水不溶性アルコールと、イオノマーと、60質量%を超える水と、を含む、及び、
(d)前記湿潤層を実質的に乾燥させ、保護イオノマー層を形成させること、
の工程を含む、膜電極複合体のための構成部品の製造方法。 - 前記通気性裏材は剥離特性を有する延伸ポリマーを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記延伸ポリマーは延伸ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)であり、かつ、前記延伸ポリマーは質量/面積が16g/m2未満のePTFEである、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記延伸ポリマーはePTFEであり、かつ、前記延伸ポリマーはバブルポイントが70psiPMIを超える、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記水不溶性アルコールは、ペンタノール、ヘキサノール及び2−エチルヘキサノールからなる群より選ばれる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記通気性裏材はガス拡散層である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記通気性裏材に布帛を結合させることをさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記布帛はポリエステルを含む、請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記布帛を不連続パターンの接着剤により前記通気性裏材に結合させる工程をさらに含む、請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記布帛はウレタン接着剤により前記通気性裏材にドットラミネート化される、請求項9記載の方法。
- 前記イオノマーはペルフルオロスルホン酸(PFSA)イオノマーである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記水性湿潤層は5質量%未満の前記水不溶性アルコールを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記水性湿潤層は10質量%未満の水溶性アルコールを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記水溶性アルコールは、イソプロピルアルコール、ジプロピレングリコール及びプロピレングリコールメチルエーテルからなる群から選ばれる、請求項13記載の方法。
- 前記水性湿潤層は、5質量%未満の量で存在するイソプロピルアルコール又はグリコールエーテルを含む水溶性アルコールを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 工程(e)前記保護イオノマー層上にプロトン伝導性層を堆積させることをさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記プロトン伝導性層上にイオノマー層を堆積させ、かつ、前記イオノマー層上に別の電極を堆積させる工程をさらに含む、請求項16記載の方法。
- 前記保護イオノマー層は厚さが0.1〜25ミクロンである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記通気性裏材が延伸ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)であり、
前記イオノマーがペルフルオロスルホン酸(PFSA)イオノマーであり、
前記水性湿潤層が、イソプロピルアルコール、ジプロピレングリコール及びプロピレングリコールメチルエーテルからなる群から選ばれる水溶性アルコールをさらに含み、
前記水性湿潤層が、90質量%を超える水と、5質量%未満の前記水不溶性アルコールと、5質量%未満の前記水溶性アルコールとを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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