JP6662461B2 - インダクタ部品、および、電源モジュール - Google Patents

インダクタ部品、および、電源モジュール Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP6662461B2
JP6662461B2 JP2018537219A JP2018537219A JP6662461B2 JP 6662461 B2 JP6662461 B2 JP 6662461B2 JP 2018537219 A JP2018537219 A JP 2018537219A JP 2018537219 A JP2018537219 A JP 2018537219A JP 6662461 B2 JP6662461 B2 JP 6662461B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
inductor
terminal electrode
core member
metal plate
inductor component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
JP2018537219A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPWO2018043318A1 (ja
Inventor
宗丈 宮下
宗丈 宮下
貴之 丹下
貴之 丹下
秀明 橋
秀明 橋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
Publication of JPWO2018043318A1 publication Critical patent/JPWO2018043318A1/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP6662461B2 publication Critical patent/JP6662461B2/ja
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
    • H01F17/0006—Printed inductances
    • H01F17/0013—Printed inductances with stacked layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
    • H01F17/0006—Printed inductances
    • H01F17/0033—Printed inductances with the coil helically wound around a magnetic core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
    • H01F17/04—Fixed inductances of the signal type with magnetic core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/29—Terminals; Tapping arrangements for signal inductances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F37/00—Fixed inductances not covered by group H01F17/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/18—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/18—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
    • H05K1/181—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components associated with surface mounted components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
    • H01F17/0006—Printed inductances
    • H01F17/0013—Printed inductances with stacked layers
    • H01F2017/002—Details of via holes for interconnecting the layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/29—Terminals; Tapping arrangements for signal inductances
    • H01F2027/297—Terminals; Tapping arrangements for signal inductances with pin-like terminal to be inserted in hole of printed path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H01F27/2809—Printed windings on stacked layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
    • H05K2201/10007—Types of components
    • H05K2201/1003—Non-printed inductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
    • H05K2201/10007—Types of components
    • H05K2201/10053—Switch

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Printing Elements For Providing Electric Connections Between Printed Circuits (AREA)
  • Parts Printed On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
JP2018537219A 2016-09-02 2017-08-25 インダクタ部品、および、電源モジュール Active JP6662461B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2016171464 2016-09-02
JP2016171464 2016-09-02
PCT/JP2017/030482 WO2018043318A1 (ja) 2016-09-02 2017-08-25 インダクタ部品、および、電源モジュール

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2019209486A Division JP2020043352A (ja) 2016-09-02 2019-11-20 インダクタ部品、および、電源モジュール

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPWO2018043318A1 JPWO2018043318A1 (ja) 2019-06-24
JP6662461B2 true JP6662461B2 (ja) 2020-03-11

Family

ID=61300754

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2018537219A Active JP6662461B2 (ja) 2016-09-02 2017-08-25 インダクタ部品、および、電源モジュール
JP2019209486A Pending JP2020043352A (ja) 2016-09-02 2019-11-20 インダクタ部品、および、電源モジュール

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2019209486A Pending JP2020043352A (ja) 2016-09-02 2019-11-20 インダクタ部品、および、電源モジュール

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11456106B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP3493227B1 (enExample)
JP (2) JP6662461B2 (enExample)
CN (1) CN109643597B (enExample)
WO (1) WO2018043318A1 (enExample)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11456106B2 (en) 2016-09-02 2022-09-27 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Inductor component and power supply module

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108809079B (zh) 2017-05-05 2019-11-05 台达电子企业管理(上海)有限公司 功率变换器、电感元件以及电感切除控制方法
GB201816833D0 (en) 2018-10-16 2018-11-28 Univ College Cork National Univ Of Ireland Cork A vertical magnetic structure for integrated power conversion
CN111415812B (zh) * 2019-01-07 2023-11-10 台达电子企业管理(上海)有限公司 耦合电感及电源模块
CN111415813B (zh) 2019-01-07 2022-06-17 台达电子企业管理(上海)有限公司 具有竖直绕组的电感的制备方法及其压注模具
US11676756B2 (en) 2019-01-07 2023-06-13 Delta Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Coupled inductor and power supply module
US12255004B2 (en) * 2021-03-12 2025-03-18 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. Multi-phase integrated coupled inductor structure
JP7548165B2 (ja) * 2021-08-31 2024-09-10 株式会社村田製作所 インダクタ部品およびインダクタ部品の実装構造
JP7841617B2 (ja) * 2022-11-02 2026-04-07 株式会社村田製作所 インダクタ部品

Family Cites Families (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2045540B (en) * 1978-12-28 1983-08-03 Tdk Electronics Co Ltd Electrical inductive device
JP2909122B2 (ja) * 1990-02-09 1999-06-23 東光株式会社 積層複合部品
US5572180A (en) * 1995-11-16 1996-11-05 Motorola, Inc. Surface mountable inductor
JPH10335142A (ja) * 1997-05-29 1998-12-18 Citizen Electron Co Ltd チップインダクタとその製造方法
JP2000040620A (ja) 1998-07-24 2000-02-08 Toshiba Corp インダクタ及び該インダクタを使用した回路装置
JP2003059722A (ja) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-28 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 積層型インダクタ及びその製造方法
JP2006054208A (ja) * 2002-08-29 2006-02-23 Ajinomoto Co Inc 可変インダクタンス素子、可変インダクタンス素子内蔵多層基板、半導体チップ及びチップ型可変インダクタンス素子
JP2005184343A (ja) * 2003-12-18 2005-07-07 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 積層セラミック電子部品
US8378777B2 (en) * 2008-07-29 2013-02-19 Cooper Technologies Company Magnetic electrical device
TWI384739B (zh) * 2008-01-03 2013-02-01 台達電子工業股份有限公司 組合式電路及電子元件
JP2010147043A (ja) * 2008-12-16 2010-07-01 Sony Corp インダクタモジュール、回路モジュール
WO2010089921A1 (ja) * 2009-02-07 2010-08-12 株式会社 村田製作所 平板状コイル付きモジュールの製造方法及び平板状コイル付きモジュール
US9287844B2 (en) * 2011-07-07 2016-03-15 Kemet Electronics Corporation Surface mountable multi-layer ceramic filter
JP5338875B2 (ja) * 2011-08-25 2013-11-13 株式会社村田製作所 Dc−dcコンバータ
JP6062691B2 (ja) * 2012-04-25 2017-01-18 Necトーキン株式会社 シート状インダクタ、積層基板内蔵型インダクタ及びそれらの製造方法
US9337251B2 (en) * 2013-01-22 2016-05-10 Ferric, Inc. Integrated magnetic core inductors with interleaved windings
JP6353642B2 (ja) * 2013-02-04 2018-07-04 株式会社トーキン 磁芯、インダクタ、及びインダクタを備えたモジュール
JPWO2015019519A1 (ja) * 2013-08-07 2017-03-02 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 Dc−dcコンバータモジュール
JP6363912B2 (ja) * 2014-08-22 2018-07-25 株式会社トーキン インダクタ部品およびその製造方法
CN108701527B (zh) * 2016-02-16 2021-06-18 株式会社村田制作所 电感器部件以及电感器部件的制造方法
CN109643597B (zh) 2016-09-02 2021-08-24 株式会社村田制作所 电感器部件以及电源模块

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11456106B2 (en) 2016-09-02 2022-09-27 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Inductor component and power supply module

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109643597A (zh) 2019-04-16
EP3493227A1 (en) 2019-06-05
WO2018043318A1 (ja) 2018-03-08
JPWO2018043318A1 (ja) 2019-06-24
JP2020043352A (ja) 2020-03-19
CN109643597B (zh) 2021-08-24
US11456106B2 (en) 2022-09-27
US20190189334A1 (en) 2019-06-20
EP3493227A4 (en) 2020-01-22
EP3493227B1 (en) 2023-01-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN109643597B (zh) 电感器部件以及电源模块
US9960683B2 (en) Electronic circuit device
US9991043B2 (en) Integrated magnetic assemblies and methods of assembling same
US8811027B2 (en) DC-DC converter
US9171665B2 (en) Integrated inductor assemblies and methods of assembling same
US9899140B2 (en) Multi-tap winding design for embedded transformer
CN104980003A (zh) 电源模块及pol电源模块
JP6432460B2 (ja) Dc−dcコンバータ
US10049807B2 (en) Laminated coil component and matching circuit
JP2012164770A (ja) コイル内蔵基板およびそれを備えたdc−dcコンバータモジュール
CN109817426B (zh) 线圈组件
US9553509B2 (en) Multichannel DC-DC converter
KR102687173B1 (ko) 평면형 트랜스포머
JP6330311B2 (ja) 巻線部品及び電源装置
US10497504B2 (en) Uncoupled multi-phase inductor
CN114520091A (zh) 电感
JPWO2020039625A1 (ja) 電力変換回路モジュール
JP2007274759A (ja) 電源
JP6090348B2 (ja) コイル内蔵基板およびそれを備えたdc−dcコンバータモジュール
US20230187119A1 (en) Embedded magnetic component transformer device
CN222580928U (zh) 电感及功率变换器
US20250220817A1 (en) Multiphase transinductors for advanced vertical power delivery modules
KR101251842B1 (ko) 변압기
JP2011239507A (ja) 電源モジュール
JP2013005578A (ja) Lcモジュールおよびdc−dcコンバータ

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20190128

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20190128

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20190528

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20190820

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20191120

A911 Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911

Effective date: 20191206

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20200114

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20200127

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 6662461

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150