JP6653662B2 - 導電性組成物及びそれを用いた電子部品 - Google Patents
導電性組成物及びそれを用いた電子部品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6653662B2 JP6653662B2 JP2016555271A JP2016555271A JP6653662B2 JP 6653662 B2 JP6653662 B2 JP 6653662B2 JP 2016555271 A JP2016555271 A JP 2016555271A JP 2016555271 A JP2016555271 A JP 2016555271A JP 6653662 B2 JP6653662 B2 JP 6653662B2
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- fine particles
- silver fine
- thermoplastic resin
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/28—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L24/29—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual layer connector
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/12—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J163/00—Adhesives based on epoxy resins; Adhesives based on derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J167/00—Adhesives based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J171/00—Adhesives based on polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J183/00—Adhesives based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
- C09J9/02—Electrically-conducting adhesives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
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Description
また、接続導体の体積収縮による接続信頼性の低下を抑制するために、金属フィラーと、金属フィラーの焼結温度よりも低い温度で融解し、室温で固体状態であるパラフィン系炭化水素、テレビン油または脂肪酸からなる低融点室温固体樹脂の混合物からなる導電用充填材料が提案されている(特許文献2)。
特許文献2に記載の導電用充填材料では、低融点室温固体樹脂が、金属フィラーの焼結温度より低い温度で分解または揮発するため、接合部にボイドが生じるという問題がある。また、焼結後の導電性充填材料は、導電性充填材料中の金属フィラーが焼結時に低融点室温固体樹脂が分解又は揮発し、焼結した導電性充填材料に樹脂が存在しないか、存在量が非常に少なくなる。焼結した導電性充填材料は樹脂が存在しないか、樹脂の量が非常に少なくなることによって、接合部の弾性率が大きくなり応力緩和性に劣る。このため、焼結した導電性充填材料で半導体素子を接合した電子部品は、繰り返しの使用による温度変化に接合部が追従できず、半導体素子のクラック、接合部のクラック、接合界面の剥離等を生じる問題を回避できない。
本発明〔2〕は、(A)銀微粒子が、(a)一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が40nm〜350nmであり、(b)結晶子径が20nm〜70nmであり、かつ(c)結晶子径に対する一次粒子の個数平均粒子径の比が1.5〜5である、本発明〔1〕の導電性組成物に関する。
本発明〔3〕は、(A)銀微粒子が、ペースト100質量%に対して銀微粒子40〜95質量%及び溶媒を含むペースト中に含まれ、ペースト中の(A)銀微粒子が、180〜250℃の温度条件下で20分から2時間保持したときに焼結するものである、本発明〔1〕又は2記載の導電性組成物に関する。
本発明〔4〕は、(D)一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が0.5μm〜20μmの金属粒子をさらに含む、本発明〔1〕〜〔3〕のいずれかに導電性組成物に関する。
本発明〔5〕は、(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子の示差走査熱量計を用いた測定で得られるDSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が110℃〜140℃の範囲にある、本発明〔1〕〜〔4〕のいずれかに記載の導電性組成物に関する。
本発明〔6〕は、(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子の一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が1〜50μmである、本発明〔1〕〜〔5〕のいずれかに記載の導電性組成物に関する。
本発明〔7〕は、(A)銀微粒子及び(D)金属粒子の合計100質量部に対して、(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子を0.1〜10質量部含む、本発明〔4〕〜〔6〕のいずれかに記載の導電性組成物に関する。
本発明〔8〕は、(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子を構成する熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート及びポリオレフィンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の熱可塑性樹脂である、本発明〔1〕〜〔7〕のいずれかに記載の導電性組成物に関する。
本発明〔9〕は、(E)熱硬化性樹脂をさらに含み、熱硬化性樹脂が、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂及びシリコーン樹脂からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の熱硬化性樹脂を含む、本発明〔1〕〜〔8〕のいずれかに記載の導電性組成物に関する。
本発明〔10〕は、(B)溶剤が、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、2−エチル−1,3−ヘキサンジオール及び2,2,4−トリメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオール2−メチルプロパノアートからなる群より選択される、本発明〔1〕〜〔9〕のいずれかに記載の導電性組成物。
本発明〔11〕は、本発明〔1〕〜〔10〕のいずれかに記載の導電性組成物を用いて部品を接合した接合部を有する、電子部品に関する。
本発明において用いる(A)銀微粒子の平均粒子径は、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定による、個数基準に基づく個数平均粒子径をいう。(A)銀微粒子は、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が40nm〜400nmである。
導電性組成物中の(A)銀微粒子の含有量が、上記範囲であることによって、所望の接合部の厚みを確保することができ、十分な熱伝導率を確保することができる。
本発明において用いる(B)溶剤は、当該分野において公知のものを使用することができる。例えば、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ベンジルアルコール、2−エチル−1,3−ヘキサンジオール、ジヒドロターピネオール等のアルコール系溶剤;トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン、ジエチルベンゼン、イソプロピルベンゼン、アミルベンゼン、p−シメン、テトラリン及び石油系芳香族炭化水素混合物等の芳香族炭化水素系溶剤;ターピネオール、リナロール、ゲラニオール、シトロネロール等のテルペンアルコール;エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノ−n−ブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノ−tert−ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコ−ルモノブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル等のエーテルアルコール系溶剤;メチルイソブチルケトン等のケトン系溶剤;並びにエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、2,2,4−トリメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオール2−メチルプロパノアート等のエステル系溶剤、水等が挙げられる。溶剤は、単独でも、又は2種類以上を併用することもできる。
(B)溶剤は、例えば、水酸基を有し沸点が180〜265℃、好ましくは180〜250℃のアルコール系溶剤であることが好ましく、中でも、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、2−エチル−1,3−ヘキサンジオール、2,2,4−トリメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオール2−メチルプロパノアート、ジヒドロターピネオール、ベンジルアルコールが好ましく、その中でも、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、2−エチル−1,3−ヘキサンジオール、2,2,4−トリメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオール2−メチルプロパノアートがより好ましい。
導電性組成物中の(B)溶剤の含有量が、上記範囲であると、安定性に優れ、導電性組成物を均一に被着対象に塗布することができ、印刷性や転写性に優れる。また、(A)銀微粒子の焼結時に溶剤が揮発しても、被着対象と接合部に生じるボイドを抑制し、所望の厚みの接合部を形成することができる。
本発明において用いる(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子は、示差走査熱量計を用いた測定で得られるDSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が80℃〜170℃の範囲にあるものである。(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子は、示差走査熱量計を用いた測定で得られるDSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が、好ましくは100℃〜160℃、より好ましくは105℃〜150℃、さらに好ましくは110℃〜140℃の範囲にあるものである。
(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子が、熱可塑性樹脂粒子の吸熱ピークの極大値が、80℃〜170℃の範囲にあり、好ましくは100℃〜160℃、より好ましくは105℃〜150℃、さらに好ましくは110℃〜140℃の範囲にあると、銀微粒子の焼結時の体積収縮に追随してボイドを低減させることができ、かつ、銀微粒子の焼結を妨げることがないため良好な熱伝導率を発現させることができる。(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子が、示差走査熱量計で用いた測定で得られるDSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が80℃未満の範囲にあると、焼結時の体積収縮には追随できるものの、銀微粒子の焼結を著しく阻害し、接合部の電気抵抗率が上昇したり、熱伝導率が低下する場合がある。また、(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子が、示差走査熱量計で用いた測定で得られるDSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が存在しないものである場合、熱可塑性樹脂粒子が低温で溶融しないため、熱可塑性樹脂粒子が銀微粒子の焼結時の体積収縮に追従することができず、接合部のボイドの発生を抑制できず、過激な冷熱サイクル試験後に接合部に剥離が生じた。
図1(a)に示すように、導電性組成物1は、基板2上に塗布され、導電性組成物1上にSiチップ(半導体素子)3が載置される。このとき、(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子4の一次粒子の個数平均粒子径に応じて、導電性組成物1の塗布厚みが確保される。図1(b)に示すように、加熱により、導電性組成物1中の(A)銀微粒子が焼結し、接合部10が形成される。接合部10の厚みは、(A)銀微粒子の体積収縮により塗布厚みと比べて薄くなるが、導電性組成物1に含まれる(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子4が加熱溶融により変形し、(A)銀微粒子の体積収縮に追随することによって、ボイドの発生が抑制された接合部を形成することができる。また、接合部10中の(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子4は、接合部10にかかる応力を緩和し、Siチップのクラックや、接合部10自体のクラック、接合界面の剥離を抑制することができる。
図2(a)に示すように、球形のスペーサーを含む導電性組成物1は、基板2上に塗布され、Siチップ(半導体素子)3と基板2とを接合する。図2(b)に示すように、加熱により、導電性組成物1中の(A)銀微粒子が焼結し、焼結体100が形成される。焼結体100は、(A)銀微粒子の焼結によって体積収縮し、変形しない球形スペーサー40によって、焼結によって体積収縮した銀微粒子の焼結体100と、Siチップとの間にボイド5が発生する。このボイド5によって、接合部の接合強度が低下する。さらに、ボイド5部分に水分等が侵入しやすくなり、ポーラスな銀微粒子の焼結体100中にも水分等が侵入して接合部分が劣化しやすくなり、Siチップにクラックが発生したり、焼結体100自体もクラックしたり、Siチップと基板との界面剥離等が発生しやすくなる。
本発明の導電性組成物は、(D)一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が0.5μm〜20μmの金属粒子をさらに含んでいてもよい。(D)金属粒子は、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定による、個数基準に基づく、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が、好ましくは0.5μm〜20μm、より好ましくは1μm〜18μm、さらに好ましく1.4μm〜15μmである。
導電性組成物中の(A)銀微粒子及び(D)金属粒子の合計が、上記範囲であることによって、所望の接合部の厚みを確保することができ、十分な熱伝導率を確保することができる。また、導電性組成物全体の焼結時の体積収縮率を下げることができ、収縮応力を小さくすることができ、被着対象のクラック、接合部のクラック、接合界面の剥離等を抑制することができる。
本発明の導電性組成物は、さらに(E)熱硬化性樹脂を含んでいてもよく、(E)熱硬化性樹脂は、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂及びシリコーン樹脂からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の熱硬化性樹脂であることが好ましい。(E)熱硬化性樹脂は、バインダとして作用し、銀微粒子同士の融着を進行させ、接合部の熱伝導率を高めることができる。
本発明の導電性組成物の製造方法は、特に限定されず、各成分を、所定の配合で、遊星型攪拌機、ディソルバー、ビーズミル、ライカイ機、ポットミル、三本ロールミル、回転式混合機、二軸ミキサー等の混合機に投入し、混合して、製造することができる。
本発明の導電性組成物は、基材等の所望の部分に、スクリーン印刷等の従来公知の方法で印刷又は塗布した後、部品として半導体素子等を載置し、所定温度に加熱して焼成することにより、接合部を形成し、電子部品を形成することができる。導電性組成物の加熱温度は、120〜300℃とすることができ、好ましくは150〜250℃であり、より好ましくは180〜210℃である。加熱時間は、加熱温度によって、適宜、変更することができるが、例えば、15〜120分とすることができ、好ましくは、30〜90分である。焼成は、窒素雰囲気のような不活性気体中又は大気中で行うことができる。焼成のための装置としては、公知の電気炉や送風乾燥機、ベルト炉等が挙げられる。
半導体素子のチップサイズが、例えば0.1〜10mm2と小さい場合、加圧することが難しく、加圧によって接合部の厚さを制御することは困難である。本発明の導電性組成物によれば、加圧によって接合部の厚みを制御することなく、熱可塑性樹脂粒子により銀微粒子の焼結による体積収縮を抑制して、接合部の所望の厚みを確保することができる。さらに、本発明の導電性組成物によれば、銀微粒子の焼結によって得られた銀膜中の熱可塑性樹脂粒子により、接合部にかかる応力を緩和して、半導体素子のクラック、接合部に自体のクラック、接合界面の剥離等を抑制することができる。
(1)銀微粒子及び金属粒子に関する測定
(1−1)個数平均粒子径
銀微粒子0.5g又は金属粒子0.5gを、分散水(ベックマン・コールター社製AEROSOL0.5%含有水)50ccに添加し、超音波分散機で5分間分散する。分散試料を、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定(ベックマン・コールター社製LS230)により、個数平均粒子径を測定した。個数基準に基づき、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径を求めた。
(1−2)結晶子径
銀微粒子を、マックサイエンス社製X線回折測定装置(M18XHF22)による測定によって、CuのKα線を線源とした面指数(1,1,1)面ピークの半値幅を求め、Scherrerの式より結晶子径を計算した。
(1−3)焼結性
銀微粒子を、送風乾燥機にて200℃の温度条件下で20分から2時間保持したときに単身で焼結するか否かを日本電子社製電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(JSM7500F)により確認した。
(2−1)個数平均粒子径
熱可塑性樹脂粒子(パウダー樹脂)2gを、分散水(AEROSOL0.5%含有水)50ccに添加し、超音波分散機で5分間分散して、試料を作製した。この試料を、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定(ベックマン・コールター社製LS230)により、個数平均粒子径を測定した。個数基準に基づき、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径を求めた。
(2−2)示差走査熱量測定
熱可塑性樹脂粒子(パウダー樹脂)10mgを、NETZSCH製示差走査熱量計(型番:DSC204 F1 Phoenix)で測定した。測定温度範囲は25℃以上300℃以下とし、昇温速度10℃/分で常温常湿下にて測定して得られる測定試料のDSC曲線から、吸熱ピークの極大値が存在する温度範囲を求める。
試料は、以下のようにして作製した。
導電性組成物を、スライドガラス基板上に0.5cm×5.0cm、厚みが100μmとなるように塗布し、送風乾燥機を用いて、室温(25℃)から200℃まで60分で昇温し、200℃で60分間保持して焼成を行い、銀膜を得た。これを各種分析の試料とした。
導電性組成物を、スライドガラス上に、幅0.5cm・長さ5.0cm・厚み100μmとなるように塗布し、送風乾燥機にて、室温(25℃)から3℃/分の昇温速度で加熱を開始し、200℃に到達したところで200℃を維持しながら更に1時間の加熱を行った。その後、東京精密社製表面粗さ形状測定機(サーフコム300B)にて、得られた銀膜の膜厚を測定し、次いで東陽テクニカ社製マルチメーター(2001型(メモリー128K))を用いて四端子法にて電気抵抗の測定を行った。電気抵抗率は、得られた加熱硬化後の膜厚、電気抵抗から求めた。
導電性組成物を、スライドガラス上に、塗布厚み1〜2mmとなるように塗布し、そのままの状態で送風乾燥機にて、室温(25℃)から3℃/分の昇温速度で加熱を開始し、200℃に到達したところで200℃を維持しながら更に1時間の加熱を行った。加熱終了後、室温(25℃)まで十分に冷却し、スライドガラス上に形成された銀膜をスライドガラスからはがした。こうして得られた銀膜について、レーザーフラッシュ法(NETZSCH社製 Xe フラッシュアナライザー)を用いて熱伝導率を測定し、熱伝導率の値を得た。
導電性組成物を、離型剤を塗布したスライドガラス上に、幅0.5cm・長さ4.0cm・厚み350μmとなるように塗布し、送風乾燥機にて、室温(25℃)から3℃/分の昇温速度で加熱を開始し、200℃に到達したところで200℃を維持しながら更に1時間の加熱を行った。加熱終了後、室温(25℃)まで十分に冷却し、スライドガラス上に形成された銀膜をスライドガラスからはがした。こうして得られた銀膜について、粘弾性測定装置(SII Nano Technology社製 DMS6100)を用いて室温(25℃)での引張り弾性率を求めた。なお、n=3で測定し、平均値を検査値とした。また、試験片の膜厚及び幅は、5点測定し、平均値を計算値に用いた。
導電性組成物を、銀メッキされた銅リードフレームの上に、幅3cm・長さ3cm・厚み100μmとなるように塗布し、シリコンチップ(金バックコーティング半導体チップ3mm×3mm)をマウントした。加重により塗布厚みが50μmになるように調節した後、バッチ式加熱炉にて3℃/分の昇温速度で加熱を開始し、200℃に到達したところで200℃を維持しながら更に1時間の加熱を続けた。加熱終了後、室温まで冷却することで、導電性組成物によって接合部を形成した評価用試験片を作製した。こうして得られた試験片を、デイジ社製X線検査装置(型番: XD7600NT)により、シリコンチップ上面からX線観察を行い、その画像を二値化処理することにより、ボイド(空隙部分)とボイドのない部分とを分け、画像全体からボイド(空隙)の存在する部分の値(ボイド率)を算出した。ボイド率が5%未満を○、5%以上を×と判定した。
導電性組成物を、銀メッキされた銅リードフレームの上に塗布し、シリコンチップ(金バックコーティング半導体チップ2mm×2mm)をマウントした。加重により塗布厚みが50μmになるように調節した後、バッチ式加熱炉にて3℃/分の昇温速度で加熱を開始し、200℃に到達したところで200℃を維持しながら更に1時間の加熱を続けた。加熱終了後、評価用基板は室温まで冷却した。次いで、ストルアス社製モールド樹脂(SpeciFix Resin/SpeciFix-20 Curing Agent)に含浸し、モールド樹脂を硬化させて、試料を作製した。試料について、シリコンチップとリードフレームとの接合面に対して垂直になるように切断し、切断面を研磨によって表面を平滑にした後、カーボン蒸着させ、日本電子社製電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(JSM7500F)によって、100倍〜50,000倍の倍率で、断面観察を行った。
導電性組成物を、銀メッキされた銅リードフレームの上に塗布し、シリコンチップ(金バックコーティング半導体チップ2mm×2mm)をマウントした。加重により塗布厚みが50μmになるように調節した後、バッチ式加熱炉にて3℃/分の昇温速度で加熱を開始し、200℃に到達したところで200℃を維持しながら更に1時間の加熱を続けた。加熱終了後、室温まで冷却することで、評価用試験片を作製した。評価用試験片について、デイジ・ジャパン社製万能型ボンドテスター(シリーズ4000)によって、室温及び260℃における評価用試験片のダイシェア強度の測定を行った。
導電性組成物を、銀メッキされた銅リードフレームの上に幅3mm・長さ3mm・厚み100μmとなるように塗布し、シリコンチップ(金バックコーティング半導体チップ3mm×3mm)をマウントした。加重により塗布厚みが50μmになるように調節して導電性組成物を塗布した後、バッチ式加熱炉にて、室温から3℃/分の昇温速度で加熱を開始し、200℃に到達したところで200℃を維持しながら更に1時間の加熱を行った。加熱終了後、室温(25℃)まで冷却することで、導電性組成物によって接合部を形成した評価用試験片を作製した。こうして得られた試験片を、エスペック社製小型冷熱衝撃装置(TSE−11)に入れ、−55℃で5分間放置と+150℃で5分間放置を1サイクルとする冷熱衝撃1000サイクルの試験を行い、接合部にクラックや剥離がないか、日本電子社製電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(JSM7500F)によって断面観察を行った。
銀微粒子a
10Lのガラス製反応容器に3−メトキシプロピルアミン3.0kg(30.9mol)を入れた。撹拌しながら、反応温度を45℃以下に保持しつつ、酢酸銀5.0kg(30.0mol)を添加した。添加直後は、透明な溶液となり溶解していくが、添加が進むにつれ溶液が次第に濁り、全量を添加すると灰茶濁色の粘調溶液となった。そこへ95重量%のギ酸1.0kg(21.0mol)をゆっくり滴下した。滴下直後から激しい発熱が認められたが、その間、反応温度を30〜45℃に保持した。当初、灰濁色の粘調溶液が、茶色から黒色へ変化した。全量を滴下した後反応を終了させた。反応混合物を40℃で静置すると二層に分かれた。上層は黄色の透明な液であり、下層には黒色の銀微粒子が沈降した。上層の液には、銀成分が含まれていなかった。上層の液をデカンテーションで除去し、メタノールを使用して層分離させた後、再度、上層の液をデカンテーションで除去した。次いでジヒドロターピネオール0.3kg(1.9mol)を添加し、東京理化器械社製ロータリーエバポレーター(N−3010型)により残存しているメタノールを減圧・留去することで、銀微粒子の含有率90質量%の銀微粒子含有ペーストを得た。銀微粒子の特性は、以下のとおりである。表1において(A)銀微粒子aは、銀微粒子の含有率90質量%の銀微粒子含有ペーストの樹脂組成物中の配合割合(質量部)を示す。(i)銀微粒子aは、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が61nm、結晶子径が40nm、平均粒子径/結晶子径が1.5(平均粒子径/結晶子径=1.5)であった。(ii)銀微粒子a含有ペースト中の銀微粒子は、送風乾燥機で200℃の温度で20分間焼成すると、ペースト中の溶媒等が揮発し、銀微粒子aが焼結した。焼結したかどうかは、日本電子社製電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(JSM7500F)によって確認した。
(i)銀微粒子bは、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が40nm〜400nmであった。
(ii)銀微粒子bは、送風乾燥機にて180〜250℃の温度条件下で20分から2時間保持したときに単身で焼結しないことを、日本電子社製電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(JSM7500F)により確認した。
(i)銀微粒子cは、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が400nmを超えた。
(ii)銀微粒子cは、送風乾燥機にて180〜250℃の温度条件下で20分から2時間保持したときに単身で焼結しないことを、日本電子社製電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(JSM7500F)により確認した。
ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート(米山薬品工業社製、沸点:245℃)
2−エチル−1,3−ヘキサンジオール(関東化学株式会社製、沸点:244℃)
2,2,4−トリメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオール2−メチルプロパノアート(関東化学株式会社製、沸点:261℃)
熱可塑性樹脂粒子a:FIX376(ポリエステル樹脂)(Schaetti AG社製)、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径20〜25μm、DSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が110℃〜130℃の範囲に存在する。
熱可塑性樹脂粒子b:FIX3110(ポリエステル樹脂)(Schaetti AG社製)、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径20〜25μm、DSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が110℃〜140℃の範囲に存在する。
熱可塑性樹脂粒子c:Maxbond133(ポリエステル樹脂)(PCRG社製)、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径3〜6μm、DSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が50℃〜75℃の範囲に存在する。
熱可塑性樹脂粒子d:Ulterm Resin 1000(ポリエーテルイミド樹脂)(SABIC社製)、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径15〜20μm、DSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が25℃〜300℃の範囲に存在しない。
熱可塑性樹脂粒子e:Ulterm Resin STM1500(シロキサンポリエーテルイミドブロック共重合体)(SABIC社製)、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径10〜15μm、DSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が25℃〜300℃の範囲に存在しない。
熱可塑性樹脂粒子f:FIX6220(ポリウレタン樹脂)(Schaetti AG社製)、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径20〜25μm、DSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が115℃〜135℃の範囲に存在する。
熱可塑性樹脂粒子g:Orgasol3501 (ポリアミド樹脂)(ARKEMA社製)、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径8〜12μm、DSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が140℃〜160℃の範囲に存在する。
熱可塑性樹脂粒子h:PDパウダー (ポリオレフィン樹脂)(エムテック化学社製)、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径10〜20μm、DSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が80℃〜120℃の範囲に存在する。
熱可塑性樹脂粒子i:PPW−5 (ポリプロピレン樹脂)(セイシン企業社製)、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径5〜15μm、DSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が130℃〜160℃の範囲に存在する。
熱可塑性樹脂粒子j:PM200 (ポリエチレン樹脂)(三井化学社製)、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径10〜20μm、DSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が130℃〜150℃の範囲に存在する。
銀粒子d:(D)金属粒子として、一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が1.4μmの球状の銀粒子dを用いた。銀粒子の融点は、961℃である。
液状エポキシ樹脂a:AK601:ヘキサヒドロフタル酸グリシジルエステル
カチオン重合開始剤:4−メチルフェニル[4−(1−メチルエチル)フェニル]ヨードニウム=テトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボラート(ヨードニウム塩系開始剤(ロードシル2074))(ローディア社製)
DISPERBYK111(ビックケミー社製)
球状樹脂ビーズ(ミクロパールSP−215)(積水化学社製)、一次粒子の平均粒子径20μm
図3に示すように、チップの裏面の接合部には、ボイドの発生は確認できなかった。図3中、4は熱可塑性樹脂粒子であり、ボイドではない。また、図1の模式図において説明したように、図4〜7に示す結果から、接合部10において、(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子4は変形し、(A)銀微粒子の焼結による体積収縮を抑制し、接合部10の厚みを維持していた。図6及び図7に示すように、熱可塑性樹脂粒子4以外の部分は、(A)銀微粒子同士は焼結して連結したポーラスな焼結体を形成していることが確認できる。
図8に示すように、チップの裏面の接合部には、多数のボイド5が発生していた。
また、図2の模式図において説明したように、図9及び図10に示す結果から、(A)銀微粒子が焼結して体積収縮すると、変形しない球形スペーサー40によって、焼結によって体積収縮した銀微粒子の焼結体100と、Siチップとの間にボイド5が発生することが確認できた。
Claims (10)
- (A)一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が40nm〜400nmの銀微粒子と、(B)溶剤と、(C)示差走査熱量計を用いた測定で得られるDSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が80℃〜170℃の範囲にある熱可塑性樹脂粒子とを含む、焼結用導電性組成物であって、
(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子の一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が1〜50μmである、
導電性組成物。 - (A)銀微粒子が、
(a)一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が40nm〜350nmであり、
(b)結晶子径が20nm〜70nmであり、かつ
(c)結晶子径に対する一次粒子の個数平均粒子径の比が1.5〜5である、請求項1記載の導電性組成物。 - (A)銀微粒子が、ペースト100質量%に対して銀微粒子40〜95質量%及び溶媒を含むペースト中に含まれ、ペースト中の(A)銀微粒子が、180〜250℃の温度条件下で20分から2時間保持したときに焼結するものである、請求項1又は2記載の導電性組成物。
- (D)一次粒子の個数平均粒子径が0.5μm〜20μmの金属粒子をさらに含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の導電性組成物。
- (C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子の示差走査熱量計を用いた測定で得られるDSCチャートにおける吸熱ピークの極大値が110℃〜140℃の範囲にある、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の導電性組成物。
- (A)銀微粒子及び(D)金属粒子の合計100質量部に対して、(C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子を0.1〜10質量部含む、請求項4又は5記載の導電性組成物。
- (C)熱可塑性樹脂粒子を構成する熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート及びポリオレフィンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の熱可塑性樹脂である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の導電性組成物。
- (E)熱硬化性樹脂をさらに含み、熱硬化性樹脂が、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂及びシリコーン樹脂からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の熱硬化性樹脂である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項記載の導電性組成物。
- (B)溶剤が、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、2−エチル−1,3−ヘキサンジオール及び2,2,4−トリメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオール2−メチルプロパノアートからなる群より選択される、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項記載の導電性組成物。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項記載の導電性組成物を用いて部品を接合した接合部を有する、電子部品。
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