JP6621131B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6621131B2 JP6621131B2 JP2015140547A JP2015140547A JP6621131B2 JP 6621131 B2 JP6621131 B2 JP 6621131B2 JP 2015140547 A JP2015140547 A JP 2015140547A JP 2015140547 A JP2015140547 A JP 2015140547A JP 6621131 B2 JP6621131 B2 JP 6621131B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- secondary battery
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 123
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 79
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 77
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 24
- -1 LiCoO 2 Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000664 lithium aluminum titanium phosphates (LATP) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014690 LiNi87.5Co11Al1.5O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KEQHHFKPFQFWAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;acetate;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.CC([O-])=O KEQHHFKPFQFWAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XWFDVMYCFYYTTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;nitrate;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XWFDVMYCFYYTTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940057061 mevalonolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FGHSTPNOXKDLKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.O[N+]([O-])=O FGHSTPNOXKDLKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxacycloundecan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCO1 GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002226 superionic conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002733 tin-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
[化学式1]
Li1+(x+y)InxMyTi2−(x+y)(PO4)3
(前記化学式1において、MはAl、Y、Sc、Mg、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ga、Lu、Cr、La、Ge、またはこれらの組み合わせであり、0<x<2、0≦y≦1.5である。)
前記リチウム金属リン酸化物は、下記化学式2で表される化合物、下記化学式3で表される化合物、またはこれらの組み合わせを含むことができる。
[化学式2]
Li1+xInxTi2−x(PO4)3
(前記化学式2において、0.3≦x<1である。)
[化学式3]
Li1+(x+y)InxMyTi2−(x+y)(PO4)3
(前記化学式3において、MはAl、Y、Sc、Mg、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ga、Lu、Cr、La、Ge、またはこれらの組み合わせであり、0<x≦0.5、0<y≦1.5である。)
前記リチウム金属リン酸化物は、前記コアの表面に島(island)状に付着していてもよい。
[化学式1]
Li1+(x+y)InxMyTi2−(x+y)(PO4)3
(前記化学式1において、MはAl、Y、Sc、Mg、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ga、Lu、Cr、La、Ge、またはこれらの組み合わせであり、0<x<2、0≦y≦1.5である。)
前記化学式1で表されるリチウム金属リン酸化物は、ナシコン(NASICON:sodium(Na)Super Ionic Conductor)型構造を有する化合物であって、高いイオン伝導度を有する。このようなリチウム金属リン酸化物が前記コアの表面に位置する正極活物質をリチウム二次電池に適用する場合、電気化学反応時、リチウム金属リン酸化物とコアとの間の界面での抵抗を最少化するだけでなく、電解液と正極活物質との間の副反応を抑制して、寿命特性および率特性のような電池性能を向上させることができ、熱に対する電池安定性も確保することができる。
[化学式2]
Li1+xInxTi2−x(PO4)3
(前記化学式2において、0.3≦x<1である。)
[化学式3]
Li1+(x+y)InxMyTi2−(x+y)(PO4)3
(前記化学式3において、MはAl、Y、Sc、Mg、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ga、Lu、Cr、La、Ge、またはこれらの組み合わせであり、0<x≦0.5、0<y≦1.5である。)
前記コアの表面に位置する前記リチウム金属リン酸化物は、具体的には、前記コアの表面に島(island)状に付着していてもよい。
製造例1:LITPの製造
CH3COOLi・2H2O、In(C2H3O2)3、Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4、およびNH4H2PO4を最終物質のモル比どおりに混合した混合物と、水、エタノール、およびイソプロピルアルコールの混合溶媒(8:38:54の重量比)とを混合し、この混合物を750℃で熱処理して、Li1.4In0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3を含む溶液を製造した。
CH3COOLi・2H2O、In(C2H3O2)3、Al(NO3)3・9H2O、Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4、およびNH4H2PO4を最終物質のモル比どおりに混合した混合物と、水、エタノール、およびイソプロピルアルコールの混合溶媒(8:38:54の重量比)とを混合し、この混合物を750℃で熱処理して、Li1.3In0.2Al0.1Ti1.7(PO4)3を含む溶液を製造した。
CH3COOLi・2H2O、In(C2H3O2)3、Y(NO3)3・6H2O、Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4、およびNH4H2PO4を最終物質のモル比どおりに混合した混合物と、水、エタノール、およびイソプロピルアルコールの混合溶媒(8:38:54の重量比)とを混合し、この混合物を750℃で熱処理して、Li1.3In0.2Y0.1Ti1.7(PO4)3を含む溶液を製造した。
CH3COOLi・2H2O、In(C2H3O2)3、Mg(CH3COO)2・4H2O、Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4、およびNH4H2PO4を最終物質のモル比どおりに混合した混合物と、水、エタノール、およびイソプロピルアルコールの混合溶媒(8:38:54の重量比)とを混合し、この混合物を750℃で熱処理して、Li1.6In0.4Mg0.2Ti1.4(PO4)3を含む溶液を製造した。
CH3COOLi・2H2O、In(C2H3O2)3、Sc(CH3COO)3・xH2O、Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4、およびNH4H2PO4を最終物質のモル比どおりに混合した混合物と、水、エタノール、およびイソプロピルアルコールの混合溶媒(8:38:54の重量比)とを混合し、この混合物を750℃で熱処理して、Li1.3In0.15Sc0.15Ti1.7(PO4)3を含む溶液を製造した。
CH3COOLi・2H2O、Al(NO3)3・9H2O、Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4、およびNH4H2PO4を最終物質のモル比どおりに混合した混合物と、水、エタノール、およびイソプロピルアルコールの混合溶媒(8:38:54の重量比)とを混合し、この混合物を750℃で熱処理して、Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3を含む溶液を製造した。
実施例1
製造例1で製造されたLITPを含む溶液にLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(NCM)を添加して撹拌した後、前記混合物を撹拌しながら120℃で乾燥させた後、空気雰囲気下、750℃で120分間焼結して、LITPでコーティングされたNCMを製造した。この時、前記LITPの含有量は、前記NCM100重量部に対して、1重量部使用された。
製造例1で製造されたLITPの代わりに、製造例2で製造されたLIATPを使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法によってLIATPでコーティングされたNCMを製造した。この時、前記LIATPの含有量は、前記NCM100重量部に対して、1重量部使用された。
製造例1で製造されたLITPの代わりに、製造例3で製造されたLIYTPを使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法によってLIYTPでコーティングされたNCMを製造した。この時、前記LIYTPの含有量は、前記NCM100重量部に対して、1重量部使用された。
LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(NCM)を正極活物質として使用した。
製造例1で製造されたLITPの代わりに、比較製造例1で製造されたLATPを使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法によってLATPでコーティングされたNCMを製造した。この時、前記LATPの含有量は、前記NCM100重量部に対して、1重量部使用された。
製造例2で製造されたLIATPを含む溶液にLiNi87.5Co11Al1.5O2(NCA)を添加して撹拌した後、前記混合物を撹拌しながら120℃で乾燥させた後、空気雰囲気下、750℃で120分間焼結して、LIATPでコーティングされたNCAを製造した。この時、前記LIATPの含有量は、前記NCA100重量部に対して、1重量部使用された。
製造例2で製造されたLIATPの代わりに、製造例4で製造されたLIMTPを使用したことを除いては、実施例4と同様の方法によってLIMTPでコーティングされたNCAを製造した。この時、前記LIMTPの含有量は、前記NCA100重量部に対して、1重量部使用された。
LiNi87.5Co11Al1.5O2(NCA)を正極活物質として使用した。
前記実施例1〜5および比較例1〜3でそれぞれ製造された正極活物質94重量%、ポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVDF)3重量%、およびカーボンブラック3重量%を混合した後、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて、スラリーを製造した。次に、15μmの厚さのアルミニウム箔上に前記スラリーを塗布および乾燥後、圧延して、正極を製造した。
図2Aおよび図2Bは、製造例1によるリチウム金属リン酸化物の走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真であって、それぞれ倍率5,000倍および25,000倍に拡大した写真である。
図3A〜図3Cは、実施例1による正極活物質の走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真であって、それぞれ倍率2,500倍、5,000倍、および20,000倍に拡大した写真である。
図4は、実施例1による正極活物質のX線回折(XRD)分析グラフである。
図5は、実施例4および5と比較例3による正極活物質の示差走査熱量測定法(DSC)分析グラフである。
実施例2および比較例1による正極活物質と、実施例1〜3および比較例1による正極活物質を用いたリチウム二次電池の寿命特性を測定して、その結果を図6および図7に示した。
実施例2および比較例2による正極活物質と、実施例4および比較例3による正極活物質を用いたリチウム二次電池の率特性を測定して、その結果を図8および図9に示した。
112:負極
113:セパレータ
114:正極
120:電池容器
140:密封部材
Claims (7)
- リチウムの挿入および脱離が可能な化合物を含むコアと、
前記コアの表面に位置するリチウム金属リン酸化物とを含み、
前記リチウムの挿入および脱離が可能な化合物は、ニッケル系酸化物であり、
前記リチウム金属リン酸化物は、前記リチウムの挿入および脱離が可能な化合物とは相異なり、下記化学式1で表されることを特徴とする、
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
[化学式1]
Li1+(x+y)InxMyTi2−(x+y)(PO4)3
(前記化学式1において、MはAl、Y、Sc、Mg、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ga、Lu、Cr、La、Ge、またはこれらの組み合わせであり、0<x<2、0≦y≦1.5である。) - 前記リチウム金属リン酸化物は、下記化学式2で表される化合物、下記化学式3で表される化合物、またはこれらの組み合わせを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
[化学式2]
Li1+xInxTi2−x(PO4)3
(前記化学式2において、0.3≦x<1である。)
[化学式3]
Li1+(x+y)InxMyTi2−(x+y)(PO4)3
(前記化学式3において、MはAl、Y、Sc、Mg、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ga、Lu、Cr、La、Ge、またはこれらの組み合わせであり、0<x≦0.5、0<y≦1.5である。) - 前記リチウム金属リン酸化物は、前記コアの表面に島(island)状に付着することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム金属リン酸化物は、前記リチウムの挿入および脱離が可能な化合物100重量部に対して、0.01重量部〜20重量部で含まれることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記ニッケル系酸化物は、リチウムニッケルコバルト酸化物、リチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム酸化物、リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン酸化物、またはこれらの組み合わせを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- リチウム含有化合物、インジウム含有化合物、選択的にAl、Y、Sc、Mg、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ga、Lu、Cr、La、Ge、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む化合物、チタン含有化合物、リン酸塩、および溶媒を混合して、下記化学式1で表されるリチウム金属リン酸化物を含む溶液を製造する段階と、
前記リチウム金属リン酸化物を含む溶液にリチウムの挿入および脱離が可能な化合物を添加して混合物を得る段階と、
前記混合物を乾燥および焼結する段階
とを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
[化学式1]
Li1+(x+y)InxMyTi2−(x+y)(PO4)3
(前記化学式1において、MはAl、Y、Sc、Mg、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ga、Lu、Cr、La、Ge、またはこれらの組み合わせであり、0<x<2、0≦y≦1.5である。) - 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質を含むことを特徴とする、リチウム二次電池。
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