JP6615250B2 - 改良型付加製造 - Google Patents
改良型付加製造 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/368—Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2203/00—Controlling
- B22F2203/03—Controlling for feed-back
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2203/00—Controlling
- B22F2203/11—Controlling temperature, temperature profile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Description
加工ビームの出力;
加工ビームを層上で移動させる送り速度;
加工ビームの出力の変調;
加工ビームのフォーカス変数。
2 加工ビーム発生装置
3 検出装置
4 制御装置
5 コンピュータプログラム
6 機械語
7 基板
8 層(塗布層)
9 粉末
10 第1の区域
11 第2の区域
12 加工ビーム
13 偏向装置
14 フィルタ
15 アクチュエータ
Claims (15)
- 付加製造装置の運転方法であって、
塗布装置(1)により、下地の上に粉末(9)の層(8)を塗布する工程と、
加工ビーム(12)による第1の加熱処理において、前記塗布層(8)の第1の区域(10)を、該第1の区域(10)内にある前記粉末(9)の粒子が加熱されるけれども未だ互いに結合するには至らないように、局所的に加熱する工程と、
検出装置(3)により、当該塗布層(8)の温度プロファイルを検出する工程と、
該温度プロファイルを、前記第1の区域(10)の近辺において該第1の区域(10)からの距離(x)及び時間のいずれか又は両方に応じて評価する工程と、
前記評価の一環として、前記第1の区域(10)の温度プロファイルに基づいて、少なくとも局所的熱伝導率(k)又は局所的拡散率(D)を定量的又は定性的に判定する工程と、
加工ビーム(12)による第2の加熱処理において、前記塗布層(8)の、前記第1の区域(10)と相関する第2の区域(11)を、該第2の区域(11)内にある前記粉末(9)の粒子が加熱されると共に互いに結合するように、局所的に加熱し、このときに、前記第2の区域(11)の加熱に関わる加工ビーム(12)の少なくとも1つの加工変数を、相関する前記第1の区域(10)に関し判定済みの前記局所的熱伝導率(k)又は拡散率(D)に応じて決定する工程とを、反復して実行する、運転方法。 - 前記第2の区域(11)に対する前記第2の加熱処理において前記粉末(9)の焼結又は溶融を行う、請求項1に記載の運転方法。
- 前記加工ビーム(12)がレーザー又は電子ビームである、請求項1又は2に記載の運転方法。
- 少なくとも1つの前記第1の区域(10)が線形構造として形成され、
前記温度プロファイルを、該線形構造に直交して一次元で評価する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の運転方法。 - 少なくとも1つの前記第1の区域(10)が点形構造として形成され、
前記温度プロファイルを、該点形構造に直交して一次元で又は二次元で評価する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の運転方法。 - 前記第2の区域(11)が細長い構造として形成されるか又は境界エッジを有する場合、これに相関する前記第1の区域(10)が、当該第2の区域(11)に対し平行であるか又は直交する、あるいは、前記境界エッジに対し平行であるか又は直交する線形構造として形成され、
前記第2の区域(11)が角又はオーバーハングを有する場合、これに相関する前記第1の区域(10)が、前記角又はオーバーハングを内包する、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の運転方法。 - 前記第1の加熱処理の前に前記塗布層(8)の局所的厚さ(d)を判定し、該局所的厚さ(d)を、少なくとも、前記第1の区域(10)の加熱に関わる加工ビーム(12)の加工変数を決定する一環として考慮する、又は、前記局所的熱伝導率(k)又は局所的拡散率(D)を判定する一環として、又は、前記第2の区域(11)の加熱に関わる加工ビーム(12)の少なくとも1つの加工変数を決定する一環として、前記局所的熱伝導率(k)又は局所的拡散率(D)に加えて考慮する工程、又は
前記第1の加熱処理の後に前記塗布層(8)の局所的厚さ(d)を判定し、該局所的厚さ(d)を、少なくとも、前記局所的熱伝導率(k)又は局所的拡散率(D)を判定する一環として、又は、前記第2の区域(11)加熱に関わる加工ビーム(12)の少なくとも1つの加工変数を決定する一環として、前記局所的熱伝導率(k)又は局所的拡散率(D)に加えて考慮する工程を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の運転方法。 - 前記局所的厚さ(d)の判定後であって次の加熱処理の前に、前記局所的厚さ(d)のバラツキを均す目的で均し工程を実行する、請求項7に記載の運転方法。
- 局所的熱容量(c)も判定し、該局所的熱容量(c)を、前記第2の区域(11)の加熱に関わる加工ビーム(12)の少なくとも1つの加工変数を決定する一環として考慮する、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の運転方法。
- 加工ビーム(12)の前記加工変数として、加工ビーム(12)の出力、加工ビーム(12)を前記塗布層(8)の上で移動させる送り速度、加工ビーム(12)の出力の変調、及び加工ビーム(12)のフォーカス変数の少なくとも1つを使用する、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の運転方法。
- 前記検出装置(3)によって検出する前に前記温度プロファイルをスペクトルでフィルタにかけることにより、加工ビーム(12)そのものを前記温度プロファイル内でマスクする、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の運転方法。
- 前記検出装置(3)としてサーモグラフィー検出装置を使用する、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の運転方法。
- 付加製造装置の制御装置(4)のためのコンピュータプログラムであって、
前記制御装置(4)により実行される機械語(6)を用いて構成され、
前記制御装置(4)が該機械語(6)を実行することにより、当該制御装置(4)が、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の運転方法に従い前記付加製造装置を作動させる、コンピュータプログラム。 - 付加製造装置の制御装置であって、
請求項13に記載のコンピュータプログラム(5)によりプログラミングされ、運転中の前記付加製造装置を請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の運転方法により作動させる、制御装置。 - 下地の上に粉末(9)の層(8)を塗布する塗装装置(1)と、
該塗布層(8)の区域(10,11)を局所的に加熱する加工ビーム(12)を発生する加工ビーム発生装置(2)と、
前記塗布層(8)の温度プロファイルを検出する検出装置(3)と、
請求項14に記載の制御装置(4)とを有する、付加製造装置。
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EP17156500.5 | 2017-02-16 | ||
EP17156500.5A EP3363562A1 (de) | 2017-02-16 | 2017-02-16 | Verbesserte additive fertigung |
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JP6887896B2 (ja) | 2017-06-28 | 2021-06-16 | 日本電子株式会社 | 3次元積層造形装置 |
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NL2028668B1 (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2023-01-16 | Additive Ind Bv | An apparatus and method for producing an object by means of additive manufacturing |
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JP6460554B2 (ja) | 2015-01-30 | 2019-01-30 | ヒューレット−パッカード デベロップメント カンパニー エル.ピー.Hewlett‐Packard Development Company, L.P. | 3d物体の生成 |
US11014161B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2021-05-25 | Arcam Ab | Method for additive manufacturing |
JP6483551B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-03 | 2019-03-13 | 株式会社アスペクト | 粉末床溶融結合装置 |
US10766197B2 (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2020-09-08 | Hexcel Corporation | Apparatus and method for selective laser sintering an object with a void |
US20170334144A1 (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-23 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Real-time laser control for powder bed fusion |
DE102016120998A1 (de) | 2016-11-03 | 2018-05-03 | Universität Bremen | Verfahren zur simulationsbasierten Erkennung thermisch kritischer Bauteilbereiche und Verfahren zur bauteilspezifischen Anpassung einer lokalen Wärmegenerierung bei der additiven Herstellung |
JP6363293B1 (ja) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-07-25 | 技術研究組合次世代3D積層造形技術総合開発機構 | 3次元造形装置、3次元造形装置の制御方法および3次元造形装置の制御プログラム |
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CN108437454A (zh) | 2018-08-24 |
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