JP6608277B2 - 電気化学セルと共に使用するためのフロー構造 - Google Patents
電気化学セルと共に使用するためのフロー構造 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 68
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012209 glucono delta-lactone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000908 micropen lithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003915 cell function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
- H01M4/808—Foamed, spongy materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/861—Porous electrodes with a gradient in the porosity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Description
[0058]本明細書で説明される製造方法を使用して、水素圧縮に使用されるPEM電気化学セルのフロー構造を製造した。具体的に言えば、材料の降伏強度を高めるために、高度に多孔質な金属マトリックスを圧縮することによってフロー構造(PEMの一方の側または両側)を製造した。圧縮前の多孔質金属マトリックスの平均細孔サイズは約400μmであった。圧縮後、金属マトリックスの平均細孔サイズは、約50〜100μmであった。次いで、圧縮された多孔質金属マトリックスそれぞれの少なくとも1つの表面に、約0.5μmから10μmの細孔サイズを有する微孔性材料層(MPL)を積層して、フロー構造全体に多孔率の勾配を形成した。積層された表面とPEMとを接触させてフロー構造を電気化学セル中に配置した。電気化学セルのPEMとして、50μmのPFSA(パーフルオロスルホン酸)膜を使用した。
5 ガス拡散層(GDL)
7A アノード
7C カソード
8 電解質膜
10 PEM燃料電池
20 リガメント
40 空隙
60、65 多孔質金属マトリックス
70 圧縮された多孔質金属マトリックス
72 低密度領域
74 高密度領域
12 第一の表面
14 第二の表面
18 加圧デバイス
20 第一のローラー
22 第二のローラー
50 多孔質金属材料
24 表面形状
30 フィラー
32 バインダー
51 バイポーラプレート
Claims (16)
- 高差圧電気化学セルにおいて使用するための開口多孔質フロー構造の製造方法であって、該方法は、
70%より大きい空隙容量を有する多孔質金属材料を選択すること、
少なくとも1種の機械的な技術を使用して多孔質金属材料を圧縮することにより、多孔質金属材料の降伏強度を増加させること、および
圧縮された多孔質金属材料の一方の側に少なくとも1つの微孔性材料層を積層すること
を含み、
ここで少なくとも1つの微孔性材料層の平均細孔サイズは、圧縮された多孔質金属材料の平均細孔サイズよりも小さく、
多孔質金属材料は、4,000psi(27.579MPa)に等しいかまたはそれより大きい圧力で、多孔質金属材料の厚み方向に圧縮され、
圧縮後の多孔質金属材料は、55%より大きい空隙容量を有することを含む、上記製造方法。 - 前記多孔質金属材料の圧縮前の平均細孔サイズが、10μmから1000μmの範囲である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの微孔性材料層と前記圧縮された多孔質金属材料との平均細孔サイズの比率が、0.5未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質金属材料が、金属発泡体を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質金属材料が、焼結された金属フリットを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質金属材料が、細孔サイズが異なる2つまたはそれより多くの多孔質金属材料を一緒に積層することによって形成された、多孔率が異なる2つまたはそれより多くの別個の領域を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 圧縮された多孔質金属基板、ここで圧縮は、4,000psi(27.579MPa)に等しいかまたはそれより大きい圧力を、多孔質金属基板の厚み方向で多孔質金属基板に与え、圧縮により、多孔質金属基板に塑性変形を生じさせ、多孔質金属基板の降伏強度を増加させることを含み、圧縮された多孔質金属基板は、55%より大きい空隙容量を有する、
及び
圧縮された多孔質金属基板の一方の側に積層された少なくとも1つの微孔性材料層、ここで少なくとも1つの微孔性材料層の平均細孔サイズは、圧縮された多孔質金属基板の平均細孔サイズよりも小さい、
を含む、高差圧電気化学セルにおいて使用するためのフロー構造。 - 前記圧縮された多孔質金属基板が、12,000psi(82.737MPa)より大きい降伏強度を有する、請求項7に記載のフロー構造。
- 多孔率の勾配が、前記圧縮された多孔質金属基板に複数の微孔性材料層を積層することによって前記フロー構造全体に形成され、ここで微孔性材料層は、それぞれすぐ直前の層の細孔サイズよりも小さい細孔サイズを有する、請求項7に記載のフロー構造。
- 前記少なくとも1つの微孔性材料層の細孔サイズが、0.5μmから10μmの範囲である、請求項7に記載のフロー構造。
- 前記圧縮された多孔質金属基板が、高密度領域と低密度領域とを含み、ここで高密度領域は、低密度領域より低い多孔率を有する、請求項7に記載のフロー構造。
- 前記高密度領域が、低密度領域より高い降伏強度を有する、請求項11に記載のフロー構造。
- 第一の電極、第二の電極、およびその間に堆積させたプロトン交換膜、
第一の圧縮された多孔質金属基板を含み、第一の電極と流体的および電気的に連通する第一のフロー構造、ここで第一の圧縮された多孔質金属基板を形成する圧縮は、4,000psi(27.579MPa)に等しいかまたはそれより大きい圧力を、多孔質金属基板の厚み方向に与えることを含み、圧縮により、多孔質金属基板に塑性変形を生じさせ、多孔質金属基板の降伏強度を増加させることを含み、圧縮された多孔質金属基板は、55%より大きい空隙容量を有する、および
第二の多孔質金属基板を含み、第二の電極と流体的および電気的に連通する第二のフロー構造
を含む、高差圧電気化学セル。 - 第一および第二のフロー構造の少なくとも1つが、前記多孔質金属基板上に積層された少なくとも1つの微孔性材料層を含み、前記少なくとも1つの微孔性材料層の平均細孔サイズが、前記圧縮された多孔質金属基板の平均細孔サイズよりも小さい、請求項13に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
- 第一および第二のフロー構造少なくとも1つが、フロー構造中に多孔率の勾配を含む、請求項13に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
- 第一のフロー構造が、第二のフロー構造の密度レベルより大きい密度レベルに圧縮される、請求項13に記載の高差圧電気化学セル。
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PCT/US2013/045474 WO2013188568A1 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2013-06-12 | Flow structures for use with an electrochemical cell |
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WO2013188568A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
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